Tag: Stock Exchange

What do you know about copy trading platforms?
This article analyzed a range of copy trading platforms systems to assist buyers to understand; what copy buying and selling is and identify the quality option for them to get started. Copy Trading Platforms are a sub-category of social buying and selling; however, the services offered with the aid of social buying and selling and copy buying and selling networks vary in several key components.

Here is the article to explain, How to define copy trading platforms?

Social trading is a fashionable category of a type of trading approach, whereas replica buying and selling refer to those platforms; that permit buyers to mechanically reproduce the buying and selling signals of different investors and create a portfolio of buyers. For investors inquisitive about finding a broking and buying and selling platform; this is much less centered on a specific form of buying and selling; we’ve got also reviewed our great forex brokers usual in your gain.

Copy-trading platforms options;

While it’s essential to don’t forget the most respected and nicely-regulated forex agents for reproduction buying and selling; you ought to additionally pay near interest to the systems on offer. Important characteristics to recollect consist of usability, accessibility, and available capabilities.

MetaTrader 4;

MetaTrader four is one of the maximum extensively used and diagnosed trading structures for copying indicators throughout the foreign exchange and other markets too. The lowest deposit needed for MT4 will trust the broker you choose.

Just like trading forex or other markets with your broker, MT4 is one of the strong trading systems available. It can exist downloaded as a computing device platform, used in your browser, or downloaded in your mobile and smart gadgets with no loss of functionality.

NinjaTrader;

NinjaTrader is every other platform famous for technical analysis. It is a greater pricey platform to utilize, even though there’s a loose trial you may gain from before investing. Their subscription begins from $400 and, depending on your desire of dealer; you’ll be capable of joining your account at once to NinjaTrader to alternate immediately from their internet site.

cTrader;

cTrader is another major trading platform similar to MT4 which is a first-rate all-rounder and a top choice for replica signals and trading. Since cTrader exists broadly utilized by scalpers; the platform can provide a notable hazard so one can copy alternate indicators from some of the enterprise’s pinnacle scalpers. The quick order and execution time additionally makes cTrader ideal for ECN buying and selling.

Tradency;

Tradency is another platform choice if you are inquisitive about copy trading in foreign exchange and other markets. It is the pioneer inside the industry having launched in 2005. Tradency gives reflect trading services in addition to other car-buying and selling capabilities; that can make your copy buying and selling lifestyles even less difficult, such as Robo-advisors and vehicle-buying and selling platforms. If you want a more arms-off method, then Tradency is in all likelihood a suitable desire.

What is copy trading platforms?

Copy trading is a sort of automatic buying and selling wherein you can routinely replica different traders; what is copy trading? This approach that as those different investors earn or lose money with their trades, you may do the same. Copy trading is good for plenty varieties of investors whether you want to replicate exchange foreign exchange or different markets.

It can be a precious trading method for people who are just beginning in trading or folks; that don’t want to dedicate a big quantity of time to handle their trades. Anyone can start reproduction buying and selling inside the feel that any dealer can pick to replicate trades. If you want to exist copied through others though; that exists generally restricted to the most a hit investors.

Copy-trading journals;

Now that you have had the threat to study a number of the pinnacle copy buying and selling brokers available for everything from copying foreign exchange signals, to stock traders, here is a more in-depth look at the records behind copy buying and selling. Copy trading is a distinctly new kind of trading. Before this, simplest replicate buying and selling were to exist had which remains to exist had thru Tradency.

When mirror buying and selling, you alternate thru pre-built strategies which have stood formulated with the aid of algorithms. Copy buying and selling are comparable in lots of ways and use a lot of the same foundations. The distinction between copy buying and selling is that in place of just copying a pre-defined trading strategy; you could choose the first-class forex investors to follow and copy. In this way it’s miles a whole lot extra flexible and user-pleasant, presenting you with a whole lot greater manage over your choices of while to replicate forex signals and from whom.

Best Copy Trading Platforms 2022 Lists;

Below you discover a breakdown of the first-class copy trading platforms systems for 2022 lists. Scroll down to examine our in-intensity evaluation of every company!
- eToro – Overall Best Copy Trading Platform 2022; Whereas once eToro changed into recognized entirely for social buying and selling; it has more currently turn out to be well-known for its replica buying and selling provides. You then have the possibility to take a far nearer look at each trader’s historical overall performance at eToro copy trading.
- ZuluTrade – Best Copy Trading Broker for Beginners; ZuluTrade is every other broking in which the provider offered is commended by means of many traders inside the enterprise, specifically within the quality of the replica trading platform and the associated offerings.
- NAGA Markets – They are well regulated by way of each FCA and CySEC presenting most protection to you as a foreign exchange trader.
- Vantage – It is another famous broker with foreign exchange social and duplicate trading skills. These offerings are supplied through what is referred to as Vantage AutoTrade.
- AvaTrade – It is one of the best forex reproduction trading systems primarily based in Ireland and controlled in Europe by way of the Central Bank of Ireland. They are certainly one of only a few top forex brokers to offer constant unfold foreign exchange trading.
- Meta Trader 4 (MT4) – It is the maximum applied 0.33-birthday party trading platform in the online investment arena. The platform comes filled with superior gear, technical signs, and pricing charts – making it best for seasoned day buyers.
- BingX – It is a replica buying and selling platform with over 1 million users within 100+ areas; BingX gives over 100 cryptos starting from Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, Safemoon to Solana, and so forth. Users can use a demo account for reproduction buying and selling to reduce the risks.
What is the distinction between traditional and copy trading platforms?

First of all, allow’s to determine the way to replica trading differs from traditional buying and selling. The key difference is that trading implies active involvement inside the procedure of acting trades. The dealer selects the asset to exchange, analyzes, opens positions, Stop Loss and Take Profit. Professional buying and selling is largely an enterprise of making a living from the alternate in costs of the property. Just like businessmen, investors often dedicate all their running time to this, undergo all dangers, and gain blessings. Copy trading is essentially copying the trades of professional investors using the features of special systems.

This kind of investment first appeared barely over a decade in the past thanks to the active development of online trading and social media technologies. Copy-trading structures unite investors – managers and amateur traders, who act as subscribers and investors. Upon subscription, all trades achieved using the manager have existed copied to a particular part of the investor’s capital both automatically or semi-automatically.

The similarities and differences between Copy or Social or Mirror Trading Platforms;

As we’ve looked at above, there are a few different forms of buying and selling available; which proportion a few similarities and differences.

Social Trading Platforms;

Social buying and selling is a hybrid form of reproduction trading that usually allows you to have interaction with different traders the usage of a broker. This way, you may percentage ideas, indicators, or even talk a way to copy foreign exchange signals and other factors. These agents also can provide exact data which you may view for each dealer earlier than determining to duplicate them or no longer. In this field, eToro is by using some distance the main social buying and selling broker within the international. If you’re inquisitive about knowing extra about brokers like eToro, you would advantage from finding out our article proposing each eToro Alternative.

Copy Trading Platforms;

Copy Trading brokers permit you to reproduce the performances of other buyers at that dealer. This can take much paperwork. For instance, you may pick to copy open trades from the man or woman or start from only new trades they make. You are essentially investing in the growth of a particular trader, which can be similar to an ETF form of funding.

To be successful, you’ll want to pick out the fine copy trade broker, and buyers possible. You also can choose how an awful lot to invest in a sure trader, and you will benefit or lose proportionately to their overall performance. Chief on this field and an example when it comes to a popular reproduction trade broking are ZuluTrade.

Mirror Trading Platforms;

As mentioned above, replicate buying and selling is a little more fixed in its operations than reproduction trading. Here, you can open positions automatically on the same second the alternative traders do and the identical goes for final the alternate. Mirror trading is more primarily based on algorithms, automobile-buying and selling bots, and pre-described trading techniques. Traders code certain trading alerts and techniques and you could then select whether or now not to begin following these.

A pioneer within the location of reflecting buying and selling is Tradency. They nevertheless offer all of those varieties of offerings and offer several trading alerts which they have performed for many years.

What do you know about Copy Trading Platforms?
March 21, 2022
eToro Copy Trading Review 1300 of How they Open Trades
eToro Copy Trading Review and Explain 1300 words, How they are Open Trades be profitable; It is a well-known Israeli fintech agency and a social trading dealer, hooked up in 2007. They serve UK clients via a unit regulated by way of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Australians via an Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC)-regulated entity. All different clients are served by using a Cypriot unit that regulates using the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC).

Here is the article to explain, eToro Copy Trading Review 1300 words of How they Open Trades!

eToro does not list on any inventory alternate, does not divulge its annual document on its internet site, and does now not have a bank figure. Being regulated via the pinnacle-tier FCA and ASIC is a superb signal for eToro’s protection. EToro reproduction buying and selling is worth it, as it may be very worthwhile and is commonly low-chance funding. However, it’s miles essential to choose a dealer; who has a long music report of success and earns a profit margin suited to you (7% greater). One thing you’re Remember, the more you invest, the extra you can earn!

EToro’s principal blessings are permitting non-experienced buyers to replicate other traders; and, the potential to exchange without leverage even as maintaining real equity on a user-friendly platform. On the bad aspect, their reproduction buying and selling facts are not clear sufficient; they fee a withdrawal charge of $5 and their order placement panel lacks enough capabilities.

What is the eToro?

EToro is a trading platform that has been around for some time. It offers foreign exchange buying and selling, and it later added cryptocurrency trading capabilities as well. For the ones outsides of the US, you may additionally change stock and contracts for variations. It is a well-regulated buying and selling platform, that’s why you understand you can trust it.

EToro is a great platform for beginners, as it’s miles particularly smooth to apply and capabilities non-puzzling options. EToro targets to make foreign exchange trading smooth for novices. Generally, setting your cash into eToro can take into consideration as a low-hazard investment due to its stability, law, and trustworthiness.

What does mean Copy Trading?

Copy-trading involves copying the trades of a successful dealer. With eToro reproduction buying and selling, you may be copying the trades of a particular character whom you think could be a hit within the destiny, primarily based on their past success buying and selling inside the forex, crypto, or inventory marketplace. The etoro copy trading is high-quality for beginners because it lets them make money and achieve success on eToro, even without having numerous revel in trading within the beyond.

Copy Trading is the ability to copy every other investor’s trades. But the splendor in the back of is that your cash always stays beneath your control and with the aid of utilizing an automated gadget you allocate a particular quantity of capital to duplicate one or several investors’ accounts of your preference.

Usually, it takes a variety of trial and error till you may grow to be a hit within the inventory marketplace. If you’re simply beginning, you may lose a variety of cash till you find a trading approach that works for you. By the time you turn out to be profitable and realize what you are doing, you may have already misplaced a whole lot of money. That’s why replica trading is so attractive.

How Much Money Can You Make With eToro CopyTrader™?

You can earn numerous money whilst you use reproduction trading on eToro. However, it all depends on how a good deal you make investments inside the program. Let’s say that you selected a dealer who has been earning 10% in line with 12 months continually, yr after 12 months. While there’s no guarantee that he will earn 10% this yr, he possibly will.

If you make investments of $300, you may only earn $30.10, 10% of $200 is $20. However, if you make investments of $50,000, and the trader earns an income of 10%, you will earn $5,000, that is 10% of $50,000. What I’m attempting to say is that how a great deal you earn depends on you. The extra you invest, the more you could earn.

Is Copy Trading in eToro Profitable?

Yes, copy trading in eToro is profitable if you select the right dealer to duplicate. You should invest not less than $200. However, copied trades are typically located inside seconds after the dealer you’re copying locations their trades. Since there may be no lag, you shouldn’t fear approximately losing out on earnings due to speedy marketplace modifications.

Are Earnings on eToro Copy Trading Platform Guaranteed?

Of direction now not. Nobody can without a doubt expect what the inventory market will do with 100% accuracy. eToro Copy Trading Review 1300 words, That is why it’s far crucial to copy a dealer who hasn’t just made earnings within the past year but has been making an income continually. There is always a hazard whilst trading, and copy trading is not any one of a kind.

If you choose the wrong dealer, you may lose cash. However, in case you do your homework and select a dealer who has a low-danger profile and high-profit margins; you’re very in all likelihood to earn a variety of money as well, even when you have no prior experience. It is as easy as that. eToro CopyTrader™ is one of the great approaches for newbie traders to earnings inside the foreign exchange or crypto marketplace.

What is social trading?

Social trading is extra or less like a combination of Facebook (social media) and a trading platform, all collectively on steroids. The idea is that you may chat with other investors, discuss ideas, and vote on some particular subjects. It’s pretty a nice experience as we human beings are constantly seeking out new approaches to connect and percentage know-how.

Advantages and Disadvantages of eToro;

eToro gives fee-unfastened stock trading, and the account starting process is rapid and seamless. It has revolutionary features like social trading, which helps you to replica the techniques of other investors. On the poor aspect, eToro’s non-buying and selling prices are high as there are prices for withdrawal and inaction. Withdrawals may be gradual and USD is the handiest foreign money you could keep your coins in. Lastly, it’s tough to contact customer service. The following benefits and drawbacks of eToro copy trading review underneath are;

Advantages of eToro;
- eToro turned into based in 2007 and is regulated in tier-1 jurisdictions and one tier-2 jurisdiction, making it a safe broker (low-risk) for trading foreign exchange and CFDs.
- EToro is great for social reproduction trading and cryptocurrency buying and selling and is our top selection for each category in 2022.
- Fantastic for ease of use thanks to its person-friendly net platform and the eToro cellular app this is excellent for informal and newbie investors.
- EToro keeps increasing its available range of markets as a multi-asset dealer with over three,000 symbols available.
- Offers indemnity insurance of up to EUR 1 million in step with consumers in the EU, the U.K., and Australia.
- VIP-fashion perks are available for club members and popular traders that reach higher-tier fame.
- Free stock and ETF trading, Social buying and selling, and Seamless account beginning.
Disadvantages of eToro;
- Trading forex and CFDs at eToro is barely pricier than the maximum of its competitors, despite recently slicing spreads and introducing zero-dollar commissions for U.S. Inventory buying and selling.
- EToro’s variety of traditional research substances and gear is restrained as compared to its friends.
- Automated (algorithmic) trading techniques are not supported at eToro.
- Mandatory stop-loss and take-earnings may also preclude certain trading strategies.
- Trading Central studies and equipment are most effective to be had to sure eToro Club participants who’ve reached better Club tiers.
- High non-buying and selling fees, Only one account base forex, and Customer help should be progressed.
eToro Copy Trading Review 1300 words of How they Open Trades!
January 19, 2022
HugosWay Broker MT4 Review Nigeria Affordable Forex

HugosWay Broker, best MT4 with Review from Nigeria talks about the latest Affordable Forex platform; When it comes to forex trading, the reviews speak up to the truth in them. Most of the forex brokers aren’t reliable or legit money-making sources and a lot of people end up wasting their time and money.

Here is the article to explain, Stock exchange HugosWay Broker, MT4, Review from Nigeria, best Affordable Forex!

HugosWay review Nigeria is one of the most affordable forex brokers by broker choices that are frequently recommended by its users. If you have secured an amount and you want to invest it somewhere to gain profit, then HugosWay is the affordable forex option. The most prominent quality of this forex broker is that it is highly affordable and the 24 hours customer support. You will not have to pay any hidden charges or extra fees for inactivity. Here is the list of characteristics that will tell you why you should choose HugosWay forex.

HUGOSWAY- AFFORDABLE FOREX OPTION;

In the case of forex trading, beginners always look for affordable forex. The reason behind this is the lack of trust and experience of a beginner on any forex option. If one has to invest a huge amount at the start of trading, he might find it difficult and most importantly, if a broker turns out to be a scam then the more you invest, the more you lose. For this purpose, HugosWay allows you to invest a small amount and build your trust in it. Once you feel compatible in working with HugosWay, then the more you invest is less.

Hugo’s Way Review Nigeria – Affordable Forex | BrokerChoices tells that it is a golden opportunity to invest in this forex option as the profit is high. One should not waste much time in thinking. HugosWay is a legit money-making option that is affordable forex for beginners and unlike other forex brokers; it has no hidden or extra charges. Neither has it charged for inactivity nor the withdrawal. It only charges a trading fee and a small commission on the profit, as all the forex brokers charge.

How HugosWay Forex Works?

One more question that people usually have in mind is that how the HugosWay works? The answer is simple. It works by swapping the currency. As every country has its currency and it is the only currency valid in that country. Similarly, HugosWay has its currency and one can make money by swapping the currency. The principle change occurs depending upon which currency you choose.

Is HugosWay Safe?

This is another question frequently asked by people that whether the HugosWay is safe or not. The answer is, it is a safe and legit money-making forex trader. It is a golden opportunity for beginners to come, trade, and make money.

The safety question arises because HugosWay is an unregulated forex broker. But the fact is that it is more beneficial than regulated forex options. It is a registered company and is much recognized among traders. There are no safety drawbacks in trading with it according to the facts of HugosWay review Nigeria as it provides its users sequestered accounts for trading. So what are you waiting for? Sign up for your account, start trading, and make money online.

HugosWay Broker MT4 Review Nigeria Affordable Forex!

November 19, 2021
HugosWay Broker Online Trading Leverage Demo Review
HugosWay broker is an online exchange platform specialized in forex and MetaTrader 4 platform, Trading, Leverage, Demo, and Review. With more than 150 financial instruments in the trading platform and more than 50 currency pairs, CFDs, sales, stocks, silver, gold, stock indices, oil, and bitcoin, there is something for every trader. Also, Business owners can decrease the risk of losing their money Hugosway, as the insurance company does not cover them. But Hugosway has many benefits and offers excellent customer support because they have a customer service team that is available 24/7.

HugosWay Forex Broker Online Trading Platform, Leverage, Demo, and Review.

Hugosway a Bank, a broker, is the sole property of Hugosway LTD, based in California. Also, It is a relatively new broker in the forex market, as they existed only in 2017. The HugosWay Review will provide all the information you need.

HugosWay as Broker:

Although Hugosway is a new real estate agent, they will have a lot of great odds and have gained a good reputation due to the team’s active support. They also have a 24/7 analysis of their trade and low minimum deposits, small margins, and fast transactions.

Currently, Hugosway broker is not regulated by the CFTC. The Hugo is a non-regulated Forex broker. The CFTC regulates real estate agents in the USA and. They said that it is because they want to have the confidence to work in conjunction with a securities regulatory authority in which the well-being of the merchant’s bank account. So, in the future, they will have to work with the regulators needs to be settled, but at this moment, this is not the case at all. In many countries, it is not necessary to regulate the currency, real estate agents; this is the way the mediator works legally in some countries.

Yes, It is a secure retailer and a registered company in St. Louis. Vincent and the Grenadines. Many potential new marketers are wondering if it is safe to work with Hugosway. Although Hugosway is not a regulated retailer in many countries; Also, they still take all the necessary precautions to ensure that traders do not risk unnecessarily losing money.

Trading platforms of HugosWay:

While some traders work with various trading platforms, Hugo’s Way only works with the mt4 trading platform, but it is the most famous trading platform among traders. Although Hugo’s Way merchants offer a single trading platform, you can access MetaTrader 4 in various ways, such as MT4 WebTrader, Mt4 Windows, and MAC OS applications. Here are some of the benefits or cons of using HugosWay trading.
1. One-click trading
2. 30 built-in indicators and analytical tools
3. Traders can automate strategies through Expert Advisors (EAs)
4. Lightning-fast ECN trading on MT4
5. MQL programming interface is built-in to create custom indicators, EAs, and scripts.
6. Alert notifications
7. Multiple order types (pending orders, market orders, and stop orders)
8. Traders can buy EAs, signals, VPS services, indicators, and applications that enhance the MT4 platform
As a beginner, everything you should be aware of about HugosWay as a broker and its platform. They may not be best in your country as their laws and legality vary from country to country.

HugosWay Broker Online Trading Leverage Demo Review; Image from dittotrade.academy.
July 11, 2021
Stock Trading: How to trade for profits in the stock market?
Stock Trading – How to trade for profits in the stock market? In the complex jargon of trading terminology, not everybody who buys and sells stocks is a stock trader. Top stock trading platforms in the UK, USA, India, and others; Many people fall into one of two categories based on how much they purchase and sell stocks: traders or buyers.

Here is the article to explain, What is Stock Trading? with understand How to trade for profits in the stock market?

The trader portrays as a frantic Wall Streeter, glued to computers and flashing tickers, buying and selling all day. On the other hand, investors usually buy at regular intervals and sell even less regularly, at least before retirement.

Stock trading isn’t necessarily what you see on the New York or London Stock Exchange floor. You can start from your own house. But before you make your first trade, you should know what you’re doing.

What exactly is stock trading?

Stock traders purchase and sell securities and stocks to profit from regular market swings. Instead of buying shares in a firm to keep for years or even decades, these short-term traders gamble that they will earn a million dollars in the next month, day, minute, or second.

Stock trading is classified into two types:

Day Trading.

Day trading is a technique used by capitalists who deal with stocks on daily basis. Purchasing, selling, and closing positions in the same stock in a single trading day, with no regard for the underlying firms.

Position applies to how much of a certain portfolio or fund you own. The aim of a day trader is to profit from frequent market changes over the next few days, hours, or minutes.

Active Trading.

A trader who makes 10 or more trades a month considers being an active trader. Typically, they use a tactic that strongly depends on market positioning, attempting to benefit from short-term developments at the business level or depending on market fluctuations in the coming weeks or months.

Trading Stocks – How, Why, and When?

If you’re new to stock trading, bear in mind that most investors benefit from keeping it straightforward and investing in a diversified blend of low-cost index funds to generate.

Here is all you should know about stock trading.

Get an account for brokerage.

Stock trading necessitates the financing of a brokerage account, which is a form of account intended to deposit funds. If you don’t already have an account, you can open one in a matter of minutes with an online broker. But don’t worry, just because you’ve opened an account doesn’t mean you’ve started saving. It simply gives you the choice to do so when you are ready.

Define a budget for trading.

Even if you develop a knack for stock investing, allocating more than 10% of your portfolio to individual securities will subject your savings to excessive volatility. However, this is not the only rule for risk management.

You should also consider investing just what you can stand to lose. Reduce the 10% if you don’t even have a balanced emergency fund and 10% to 20% of your money going into a retirement savings plan.

Understand how to use trading orders.

If you’ve established your brokerage account and budget, you can position stock orders through your online broker’s website or trading network. You’ll give multiple order form choices, which will determine how your trade process. These are the two most popular types of orders you can make:
- Limit order; Buys or sells the stock only at or above a predetermined amount. The cap price for a buy order is the most you’re able to pay, and the order will execute only if the stock price falls to or below that value.
- Market order; Buys or sells a stock as soon as possible at the best available price. That is why it names as a market order.
Use virtual account to learn trading.

Nothing is better than a free practice account, which investors can obtain by the virtual trading platforms provided by many online stock brokers. Paper trading allows consumers to practice their trading skills and develop a track record before putting actual money on the line.

Digital trading is available at some of the brokers we check, including TD Ameritrade and Interactive Brokers.

Compare the results to an acceptable benchmark.

This is critical guidance for all buyers, not just committed ones. The ultimate aim of stock selection is to outperform a benchmark index. This may be the Nasdaq composite index, the Standard and Poor’s 500 index, or other smaller indices comprised of companies dependent on industry, size, and geography.

Use online tools and technology available widely on the internet. For example, you can use a sigma notation calculator – used for summation – to sum up, all of your profits term-wise.

Measuring returns is critical because if a serious investor is unable to outperform the benchmark which is something even experienced investors struggle with, it makes financial sense to invest in a low-cost index mutual fund or ETF. ETF is effectively a portfolio of stocks whose output strongly resembles that of one of the benchmark indices.

Don’t lose your vision.

Being a good investor does not necessitate being the first to identify the next great breakout stock. Thousands of seasoned traders have already heard that ABC supply is primed for a surge by the time you hear it, and the opportunity has most definitely been priced into the stock.

It might be too late to turn a fast profit, but that doesn’t mean you’re too late to the game. True great investments aim to have shareholder wealth for years, which is a compelling reason for treating aggressive investing as a passion rather than a last-ditch effort for fast riches.

Summing Up

Stock trading looks like child’s play from outside but it requires a lot of knowledge and practice for a beginner to perform well. Most of the people start practicing and leave it underway because of the lack of consistency and patience.

Every great achievement needs hard work and patience. So, if you are thinking about getting yourself into stock trading, or have already started it, don’t lose patience. One day, you will get the outcome you were always expecting.

Stock Trading: How to trade for profits in the Stock Market? Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay.
June 3, 2021
What is OTCEI (Over The Counter Exchange of India)?
Learn and Study, What is OTCEI (Over The Counter Exchange of India)?

Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI) was incorporated in October 1990 under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 with the objective of setting up a national, ring-less, screen-based, automated stock exchange. It is recognized as a stock exchange under Section 4 of the Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act, 1956. It was set up to provide investors with a convenient, efficient and transparent platform for dealing in shares and stocks; and to help enterprising promoters set up new projects or expand. Also learned, ISE, NSE, SEBI, What is OTCEI (Over The Counter Exchange of India)?

Their activities, by providing them an opportunity to raise capital from the capital market in a cost-effective manner. Trading in securities takes place through OTCEI’s network of members and dealers spanning the length and breadth of India.

Over The Counter Exchange of India was promoted by a consortium of financial institutions including:
- Unit Trust of India.
- Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India.
- Industrial Development Bank of India.
- Industrial Finance Corporation of India.
- Life Insurance Corporation of India.
- General Insurance Corporation and its subsidiaries.
- SBI Capital Markets Limited.
- Canbank Financial Services Ltd.
The Over the Counter Exchange of India is based on the model of the national association of securities dealers’ automated quotation (NASDAQ) of USA, with modifications to suit the Indian conditions. The OTCEI arose out of the need to have a second tire market in the country. It was set up to provide small and medium companies an access to the capital market for raising finance in a cost-effective manner and investors with a convenient, transparent and efficient avenue for capital market investment.

The OTCEI was the first ring less, electronic and national exchange with a screen-based trading system listing an entirely new set of companies of small size. It allowed companies with paid-up capital as low as 30 lacs to get listed, It brought the screen-based trading system in vogue for the first time; this was quite different from the open outcry system at BSE.

Moreover, each strip listed on the exchange had at least two market makers who continuously gave two way quotes. Market makers are merchant bankers willing to make a market in securities by continuously offering to buy and sell quotes. They act as a dealer cum stockiest and do not charge any commission or brokerage. Their profit margin is the spread between the bid and offer prices.

A voluntary market maker can be appointed for a period of six months. Market making is a unique concept of OTCEI. The other player on OTCEI is the custodian or registrar a safe keeper of share certificates. The OTCEI provides a liquid cash market for retail investors with a T+3 rolling settlement systems and no problem of bad of short deliveries.

Salient Features of Over the Counter Exchange of India:
1. Ring-less and Screen-based Trading: The over the Counter Exchange of India was the first stock exchange to introduce automated, screen-based trading in place of the conventional trading ring found in other stock exchanges. The network of on-line computers provides all relevant information to the market participants on their computer screens. This allows them the luxury of executing their deals in the comfort of their own offices.
2. Sponsorship: All the companies seeking the listing on Over the Counter Exchange of India have to approach one of the members of the OTCEI for acting as the sponsor to the issue. The sponsor makes a thorough appraisal of the project; as by entering into the sponsorship agreement, the sponsor is committed to making the market in that scrip (giving a buy sell quote) for a minimum period of 18 months, sponsorship ensures quality of the companies and enhance liquidity for the scrip’s listed on OTCEI.
3. Transparency of Transactions: The investor can view the quotations on the computer screen at the dealer’s office before placing the order. The OTCEI system ensures that trades are done at the best prevailing quotation in the market. The confirmation slip/trading document generated by the computers gives the exact price at which the deals has been done and the brokerage charged.
4. Liquidity through Market Making: The sponsor-member is required to give two-way quotes (buy and sell) for the scrip for 18 months from the commencement of trading. Besides the compulsory market maker, there is an additional market maker giving two way quotes for the scrip. The idea is to create an environment of competition among market makers to produce efficient pricing and narrow spreads between buy and sell quotations.
5. Listing of Small and Medium-sized Companies: Many small and medium-sized companies were not able to enter the capital market due to the listing requirement of Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 regarding the minimum issued equity of Rs.10 crores in case of the Mumbai stock Exchange and Rs.3 crores in case of other stock exchanges. The OTCEI provides an opportunity to these companies to enter the capital market as companies with issued capital of Rs.30 lacks onwards can raise finance from the capital market through OTCEI.
6. Technology: Over The Counter Exchange of India uses computers and telecommunications to bring members/dealers together electronically, enabling them to trade with one another over the computer rather than on a trading floor in a single location.
7. Nation-wide Listing: Over the Counter Exchange of India network is spread all over India through members, dealers and representative office counters. The company and its securities get nation-wide exposure and investors all over India can start trading in that scrip.
8. Bought-out Deals: Through the concept of a bought-out deal, OTCEI allows companies to place its equity with the sponsor-member at a mutually agreed price. This ensures swifter availability of funds to companies for timely completion of projects and a listed status at a later date.
Benefits of getting OTCEI Listing for Companies:

The Over the Counter Exchange of India offers facilities to the companies having a issued equity capital of more than Rs. 30 lakhs.

The benefits of listing at the Over the Counter Exchange of India are:
- Small and medium closely-held companies can go public.
- The OTCEI encourages entrepreneurship.
- Companies can get the money before the issue in cases of Bought-out-deals.
- It is more cost-effective to come with an issue of OTCEI.
- Small companies can get listing benefits.
- Easy issue marketing by using the nation-wide OTCEI dealer network.
- Nation-wide trading by listing at just one exchange.
Benefits of Trading on OTCEI for Investors:
- The OTCEI trading counters are easily accessible by any investors.
- The OTCEI provides greater confidence to investors because of complete transparency in deals.
- At the OTCEl, the transactions are fast and are completed quickly.
- The OTCEI ensures security, liquidity by offering two-way quotes.
- The OTCEI is an investor friendly exchange with Single Window Clearance for all investor requests.
The OTC Exchange Of India (OTCEI), also known as the Over-the-Counter Exchange of India, is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is India’s first exchange for small companies, as well as the first screen-based nationwide stock exchange in India. OTCEI was set up to access high-technology enterprising promoters in raising finance for new product development in a cost-effective manner and to provide a transparent and efficient trading system to investors.

OTCEI is promoted by the Unit Trust of India, the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, the Industrial Development Bank of India, the Industrial Finance Corporation of India, and other institutions, and is a recognised stock exchange under the SCR Act.

The OTC Exchange Of India was founded in 1990[3] under the Companies Act 1956 and was recognized by the Securities Contracts Regulation Act, 1956 as a stock exchange. The OTCEI is no longer a functional exchange as the same has been de-recognised by SEBI vide its order dated 31 Mar 2015.
May 26, 2018
What is ISE (Inter-Connected Stock Exchange)?
Learn, What is ISE (Inter-Connected Stock Exchange)?

The formation of NSE changed the way in which the stock exchanges were functioning. Modern infrastructure, technology, transparency and corporate governance are now becoming the features in the corporate the world. It also forced BSE to adopt the new technology and with this, NSE and BSE crossed boundaries and started functioning, operating throughout India. This affected the functioning of small and regional exchanges. This led to the birth of the Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (ISE). Federation of Indian stock exchanges, in a meeting held in 1996, constituted a steering committee to evolve an interconnected market system. Also learned, NSE, SEBI, What is ISE (Inter-Connected Stock Exchange)?

In 1997, the market governing the body of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) granted approval to the proposal of the ISE to set up a national level stock exchange promoted by 14 regional stock exchanges. ISE was launched with an objective of converting small, fragmented and illiquid markets into a large, efficient and liquid market. Inter-Connected Stock Exchange (ISE) has set up an Inter-connected Market System (ICMS) which provides its trading members a facility to trade on the national market in addition to the trading facility at the regional stock exchanges. The trading members of the ISE, who are already the members of the 14 stock exchanges (which are the constituents of the ISE), satisfy the capital adequacy requirements of the ISE separately and in addition to the capital adequacy requirements of the regional stock exchange.

The ISE has set up a separate clearinghouse for settlement of the trades at the national market. The ISE has also made arrangement to appoint a clearing bank for online transfer of funds from regional centers to the national center. The ISE has an adequate risk management system for safety, integrity of the market and also to protect the interest of the investors. The participating exchanges of ISE have about 4,500 members and a large number of listed securities. It is a stock exchange of stock exchanges, members of the stock exchanges being traders on the ISE. The ISE has provided a highly automated trading system to the traders of the participating regional stock exchanges with direct access to the national level trading platform on an equal footing regardless of the location of the particular stock exchanges.

Important Features of Inter-Connected Stock Exchange of India

There are some of the features which make ISE a new age stock exchange are as follows:
- ISE is a national level recognized stock exchange having moderate listing fees and granting listing and trading permission to small and medium-sized companies having a post public issue paid-up capital of Rs. 3 crore to Rs. 5 crores (subject to the appointment of market makers), besides companies with a capital of above Rs. 5 crores.
- All traders and dealers of ISE have access to NSE through ISE securities and Services Ltd. (ISS), which ensures the continuous attention of investors.
- ICSE has set up an ‘Investor Grievance and Service Cell’ which looks after all types of complaints of investors located across the country and provides decentralized support.
- Listing of stocks with ISE would give the company an advantage of being identified as a technology-savvy and investor-friendly company.
Inter-connected Stock Exchange Ltd. (ISE) is an Indian national-level stock exchange, providing trading, clearing, settlement, risk management and surveillance support to its trading members. It started its operation in 1998 in Vashi, Mumbai, and has 841 trading members, who are located in 18 cities. These intermediaries are administratively supported through the regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Patna, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, and Nagpur, besides Mumbai.

The ISE is promoted by 12 regional stock exchanges namely at Bangalore, Bhubaneshwar, Chennai, Kochi, Coimbatore, Guwahati, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur, Mangalore, Magadh, and Vadodara. The participating exchanges of ISE have 4,500 members and listed securities. It is a stock exchange of stock exchanges, members of the stock exchanges being traders on the ISE.
May 26, 2018
What are a Mutual Funds?
Learn and Study, What are a Mutual Funds?

A Mutual Fund is a special type of investment institution which collects or pools the savings of the community and invests large funds in the variety of Blue-chip Companies which are selected from a wide range of industries with the objects of maximizing returns/incomes on investments. Mutual Funds are basically a trust which mobilizes savings from the people and invests them in a mix of corporate and government securities. Money collected by the investors is invested in various issues of primary and secondary markets in order to gain profits on such investments. Also learned, the Process of Investment, What are a Mutual Funds?

A Mutual Fund is a Trust, which combines the investments of various investors having similar financial goals. The Trust issues units to the investors in the proportion of their investments. A fund manager then invests these funds in different types of assets, which provide returns in the form of dividends, interests, and capital appreciation. This is distributed to the various investors in the proportion of their contribution to the pool funds. Ordinary investors, who want to invest their savings, neither understand the complexities of financial markets nor have the time to watch, research and analyze different equities, securities or any other investments opportunities that are available in the market.

At present, all the markets viz. the debt market, the equity market, the money market, real estates, derivatives, and the market dealing with the other assets have now reached a stage where a minimal information affect the markets. Besides this, the economy has opened up and global events influence their performance.

It is very difficult for a layperson to keep track of various investments, transactions, brokerages etc. In the present scenario, mutual funds are some of the most efficient financial instruments as it offers services like managing investments at a very low cost.

What is NAV or Net Asset Value?

NAV of the Fund is the market value of all the assets of the Fund subtracting the Liabilities. NAV reflects the Fund that will be available to the shareholders if the Fund is liquidated and all the liabilities are paid. In the mutual fund industry NAV refers to Net Asset Value per unitholder, which NAV of the Fund divided by the outstanding number of the units.

It shows the performance of the Fund.
- Calculation of NAV = Net Asset Value of the fund sum of market value of shares/debentures + Liquid assets/cash Dividends/interest accrued – All liabilities
- Net asset value per unit =NAV of the fund / Outstanding number of units
The market value of the shares and debentures is calculated by multiplying the number of shares/units by the closing price of the shares/debentures. The closing price will be of the previous day of the stock exchange from where the shares have been purchased.

If the shares were not traded on the previous day in that stock exchange, then the closing price of the shares of any other stock exchange is taken where the shares were traded. If the shares were not traded on any stock exchange the previous day, then the closing price of the shares when they were last traded is taken.

For untraded shares, the value has to be determined by the other methods such as Book Value, comparable company approach, etc. Value of the illiquid bond is estimated on the basis of yields of comparable liquid bonds.

To many people, Mutual Funds can seem complicated or intimidating. We are going to try and simplify it for you at its very basic level. Essentially, the money pooled in by a large number of people (or investors) is what makes up a Mutual Fund. This fund is managed by a professional fund manager.

It is a trust that collects money from a number of investors who share a common investment objective. Then, it invests the money in equities, bonds, money market instruments and/or other securities. Each investor owns units, which represent a portion of the holdings of the fund. The income/gains generated from this collective investment is distributed proportionately amongst the investors after deducting certain expenses, by calculating a scheme’s “Net Asset Value or NAV. Simply put, a Mutual Fund is one of the most viable investment options for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost.
May 26, 2018
Explain, What is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)?
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the nodal agency to regulate the capital market and other related issues in India. It was established in 1988 as an administrative body and was given statutory recognition in January 1992 under the SEBI Act 1992 which came into force on January 30. The Act charged the SEBI, the first national regulatory body in India with comprehensive statutory powers over practically all aspects of capital market operations, “to protect the interests of the investors and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities markets by such measures as it thinks fit.” Also learned, NSE, Explain, What is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)?

Learn, Explain, What is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)?

SEBI has been vested most of the functions and powers under the Securities Contract Regulation (SCR) Act, which brought stock exchanges, their members, as well as contracts in securities which could be traded under the regulations of the Ministry of Finance. It has also been delegated certain powers under the Companies Act.

In addition to registering and regulating intermediaries, service providers, mutual funds, collective investment schemes, venture capital funds and takeovers, SEBI is also vested with the power to issue directives to any person(s) related to the securities market or to companies in areas of issue of capital, transfer of securities and disclosures. It also has powers to inspect books and records, suspend registered entities and cancel the registration.

Before the establishment of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the principal legislation governing the securities market in India was the capital issues control act 1956 and the securities contract act 1956. The regulatory powers were vested with the controller of capital issues for the primary market and the stock exchange division for the secondary market in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.

SEBI has been constituted on the lines of Securities and Exchange Commission of USA. SEBI is consisting of the Chairman and 8 Members (one member representing the Reserve Bank of India, two members from the officials of Central Government and five other public representatives to be appointed by the Central Government from different fields). SEBI has been playing an active role in the Indian Capital Market to achieve the objectives enshrined in the SEBI Act, 1992.

The major objective of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) may be summarized as follows:
- To provide a degree of protection to the investors and safeguard their rights and to ensure that there is a steady flow of funds in the market.
- To promote fair dealings by the issuer of securities and ensure a market where they can raise funds at a relatively low cost.
- To regulate and develop a code of conduct for the financial intermediaries and to make them competitive and professional.
- To provide for the matters connecting with or incidental to the above.
Section 11 of the SEBI Act deals with the powers and functions of the SEBI as follows:

It shall be the duty of Board to protect the interests of the investors in securities and to promote the development of and to regulate the securities market by measures as deemed fit.

To achieve the above, the Board may undertake the following measures:
- Regulating the business in stock exchanges;
- Registering and regulating the working of stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, bankers to an issue, merchant bankers, underwriters, portfolio managers;
- Registering and regulating the working of the depositories, participants, credit rating agencies;
- Registering and regulating the working of venture capital funds and collective investment schemes, including mutual funds;
- Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities markets;
- Promoting investors education and training of intermediaries of securities markets;
- Prohibiting insider trading in securities;
- Regulating substantial acquisition of shares and take-over of companies; and
- Calling for information from undertaking, inspection, concluding inquiries and audits of the stock exchanges, mutual funds, other persons associated with the securities market intermediaries and self-regulatory organizations in the securities market.
In order to attain these objectives, SEBI has issued Guidelines, Rules, and Regulations from time to time. The most important of these is the “SEBI (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines,2000”. The provisions of these Guidelines,2000 are aimed to protect the interest of the investors in securities.

The Guidelines, 2000 deals with the following areas :
- Eligibility norms for companies issuing securities,
- Pricing of securities by companies,
- Promoters contribution and lock-in requirements,
- Pre-issue obligations of the merchant bankers,
- Contents of the prospectus/abridged prospectus letter of offer,
- Post issue obligation, of merchant bankers,
- Green shoe option,
- Guidelines on advertisements,
- Guidelines for issue of debt instruments,
- Guidelines for the book building process,
- Guidelines on public offer through the stock exchange on-Line system,
- Guidelines for issue of capital by financial institutions,
- Guidelines for preferential issues of securities,
- Guidelines for bonus issues,
- Other operational and miscellaneous matters.
In order to regulate and control and to provide a code of conduct for the merchant bankers, other participants of the capital market, and other matters relating to the trading of securities, Securities, and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued several Rules and Regulations.

These are related to Bankers to the issues, Buyback of securities, Collective Investments Schemes, Delisting of securities, Depositors, Derivatives, Employee stock options, Foreign Institutional Investors(FII’s), Insider Trading, Lead Manager, Market Makers, Merchant Bankers, Mutual Funds, Ombudsman, Portfolio Manager, Registrars and Share Transfer Agents, Securities Lending Scheme, Sweat Equity, Stock Brokers and sub-brokers, Takeover Regulations, Transfer of Shares, Underwriters, Unfair Trade Practices, venture capital Funds, Annual Reports, etc.
May 26, 2018
Explain, What is NSE (National Stock Exchange)?
Learn, Explain, What is NSE (National Stock Exchange)?

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) was set up by leading institutions to provide a modern, fully automated screen-based trading system with national reach. The Exchange has brought about unparalleled transparency, speed & efficiency, safety and market integrity. It has set up facilities that serve as a model for the securities industry in terms of systems, practices, and procedures. Also learned, Corporate Planning, Explain, What is NSE (National Stock Exchange)?

Image: #NSE (National Stock Exchange).

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has played a catalytic role in reforming the Indian securities market in terms of microstructure, market practices, and trading volumes. The market today uses state-of-art information technology to provide an efficient and transparent trading, clearing and settlement mechanism, and has witnessed several innovations in products & services viz. demutualization of stock exchange governance, screen-based trading, compression of settlement cycles, dematerialization and electronic transfer of securities, securities lending and borrowing, professionalization of trading members, fine-tuned risk management systems, emergence of clearing corporations to assume counterparty risks, market of debt and derivative instruments and intensive use of information technology.

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country. On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November 1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited’s mission is setting the agenda for change in the securities markets in India. The NSE was set-up with the following objectives:
- Establishing a nation-wide trading facility for equities, debt instruments, and hybrids,
- Ensuring equal access to investors all over the country through an appropriate communication network,
- Providing a fair, efficient and transparent securities market to investors using electronic trading systems,
- Enabling shorter settlement cycles and book-entry settlements systems, and
- Meeting the current international standards of securities markets.
The standards set by The National Stock Exchange of India Limited in terms of market practices and technologies have become industry benchmarks and are being emulated by other market participants. NSE is more than a mere market facilitator. It’s that force which is guiding the industry towards new horizons and greater opportunities.

Till the advent of The National Stock Exchange of India Limited, an investor wanting to transact in a security not traded on the nearest exchange had to route orders through a series of correspondent brokers to the appropriate exchange. This resulted in a great deal of uncertainty and high transaction costs. One of the objectives of NSE was to provide a nationwide trading facility and to enable investors spread all over the country to have an equal access to NSE.

NSE has made it possible for an investor to access the same market and order book, irrespective of location, at the same price and at the same cost. NSE uses sophisticated telecommunication technology through which members can trade remotely from their offices located in any part of the country. NSE trading terminals are present in 363 cities and towns all over India.

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has been promoted by leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries NSE is one of the first demutualized stock exchanges in the country, where the ownership and management of the Exchange is completely divorced from the right to trade on it. Though the impetus for its establishment came from policymakers in the country, it has been set up as a public limited company, owned by the leading institutional investors in the country.

From day one, NSE has adopted the form of a demutualized exchange – the ownership, management, and trading is in the hands of three different sets of people. NSE is owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries and is managed by professionals, who do not directly or indirectly trade on the Exchange. This has completely eliminated any conflict of interest and helped NSE in aggressively pursuing policies and practices within a public interest framework.

The NSE model, however, does not preclude, but in fact accommodates involvement, support, and contribution of trading members in a variety of ways. Its Board comprises of senior executives from promoter institutions, eminent professionals in the fields of law, economics, accountancy, finance, taxation, etc, public representatives, nominees of SEBI and one full-time executive of the Exchange.

While the Board deals with broad policy issues, decisions relating to market operations are delegated by the Board to various committees constituted by it. Such committees include representatives from trading members, professionals, the public and the management. The day-to-day management of the Exchange is delegated to the Managing Director who is supported by a team of professional staff.

The National Stock Exchange replaced open outcry system, i.e. floor trading with the screen based automated system. Earlier, the price information can be accessed only by few people but now information can be seen by the people even in a remote location. The paper-based settlement system was replaced by electronic screen-based system and settlement of trade transactions was done on time. NSE also created National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) which permitted investors to hold and manage their shares and bonds electronically through a demat account.

An investor can hold and trade in even one share. Now, the physical handling of securities eliminated so the chances of damage or misplacing of securities reduced to the minimum and to hold the equities become more convenient. The National Security Depository Limited’s electronically security handling, convenience, transparency, low transaction prices and efficiency in trade which is affected by NSE, has enhanced the reach of Indian stock market to domestic as well as international investors.

#Promoters of National Stock Exchange of India (NSE):

Following financial institutions were the promoters of National Stock Exchange :
- Industrial Development Bank of India(IDBI).
- Industrial Finance Corporation of India(IFCI).
- Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India(ICICI).
- Life Insurance Corporation of India(LIC).
- General Insurance Corporation of India(GIC).
- SBI Capital Markets Limited.
- Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited.
- Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited.
#Market Segments of National Stock Exchange of India (NSE):

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited was intended to establish a viable and vibrant debt market which was in an underdeveloped stage. Now, it provides the traditional retail market for securities and also operates a Wholesale Debt Market (which may be termed as money market segment).

The NSE consists of three mutually exclusive segments :
1. Wholesale debt market segment, started operations in June 1994.
2. The capital market segment started operations in November 1994, and
3. Derivatives (Futures and Options) Trading, started operations in June 2000.
The Wholesale Debt Market segment of The National Stock Exchange of India Limited is a facility for institutions including subsidiaries of banks engaged in financial services and corporate bodies including companies to enter into high value transactions in instruments such as Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) bonds, Treasury Bills (T-BilIs), Governments Securities, Units of UTI, Commercial Papers (CPs), Certificate of Deposits (CDs), Floating yields bonds, etc. Members of the Wholesale Debt Market segment can trade on their own behalf and on behalf of their clients. NSE trading system facilitates making two ways quotes in a highly flexible manner.

The Capital Market segment covers trading in equities and retail trade in the convertible or non-convertible debentures and hybrids. This particular segment comprises the securities of medium and large companies with nation-wide investors base. These will also include securities which are being traded on their stock exchanges. By virtue of equal access nationwide, such securities can be traded at the same price from any part of the country. This provides good trading and investment opportunities, increases the volume of the trade and increases the liquidity considerably.

Besides the capital market segment, The National Stock Exchange of India Limited also provides the opportunity to the investors to deal in the derivative products, i.e., futures and options. At present, NSE provides facility to trade in Nifty Futures, Nifty Options, Individual Stock Options and Individual Stock Futures.
May 26, 2018