Tag: Life

  • 4 Life Insurance Types of Coverage Explained Finance Essay

    4 Life Insurance Types of Coverage Explained Finance Essay

    4 Life Insurance Types of Coverage, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Explained Finance Essay; This insurance is one of the most popular types of insurance that people purchase. Life insurance is insurance that you purchase and will pay money to your beneficiaries if you die. One of the main reasons why people purchase life insurance is to protect their families financially. Life insurance will help pay for burial costs, debt, mortgages, and any other income losses that will occur if someone dies. Life insurance pays for just like automotive insurance is. It can pay by a monthly, quarterly, or annual premium for as long as the policy goes for. There are several different types of life insurance coverage policies that people can purchase that will best suit their needs.

    Here is the article to explain, 4 Types of Life Insurance Coverage, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Explained Finance Essay;

    The main types are term life insurance, whole life insurance, variable life insurance, and universal life insurance. In this research paper, I will explain the advantages, disadvantages, time lengths, and how each of the types of life insurance coverage fits different people. It is very important to understand how these insurance companies calculate premiums for different people. Their main goal is to assess the risk of someone dying during the policy. Just like other types of insurance, the more risk you have, the higher your premium will be. Some of the factors that use to determine premiums are gender, age, occupation, height, weight, medical history, lifestyle, and if you smoke.

    Recently I had to do a project in class where you had to find different premiums on life insurance. Some other things that I was asked were if I recently had any DUIs if any relatives have died before the age of 60, if I have recently been hospitalized, and if any diseases run in my family. All of these factors do give the insurance companies a better understanding of someone’s risk, but it is nearly impossible to be able to determine the chances of someone passing away. It is also difficult to estimate the cost of each of the 4 different types of life insurance because it is different for every individual.

    Term life insurance;

    Term life insurance is very affordable, and that is why it is growing in popularity. It is a life insurance policy that covers a person if they die during the length of their insurance. Term life insurance policies can be anywhere from 1 to 30 years. These policies know as “temporary” because once the policies are over, you are no longer covered. For example, if you purchase a 10-year term life insurance policy, and you die the year after your policy expires, your beneficiaries won’t receive any money. This also means that if you stop paying your premiums, you will no longer cover.

    There are many different reasons how people decided on how long they want their life insurance policy to cover their family. A lot of people that purchase term life insurance decide to make their contract until they retire. Another popular way people decide on their term is to remain covered until their children have turned 18. This is a very smart way to ensure that your children will be financially protected until they are adults. Another good reason to purchase term life insurance is if you involve in risky or potentially fatal activities. Even though these factors will increase your premium, it is still worth it in case something terrible happens. The cost of term life insurance all depends on a person’s risk and the length of the policy.

    Types of Term Insurance;

    There are several different types of term life insurance coverage, and it is important to know the differences when selecting the best type. Annual renewable term life insurance means that each year a person may renew their term life insurance. However, each year you renew your term life insurance, the premium will go up in cost because of your age. Renewable term life insurance means that after your specific term is up; you allow signing a new term life insurance contract. Level premium term insurance means that your premium will not change throughout the length of the contract. This type of term insurance is good because as you get older, you don’t have to pay more money for your life insurance.

    Convertible term insurance means that you allow converting your term insurance into another type of life insurance, like universal or whole life. There are advantages and disadvantages to term life insurance. Some advantages are that you get to choose how long you want to cover for; most policies can change or renew to other policies, and your beneficiaries pay a specific amount upon your death; which decides when you start your policy. Some disadvantages are that if you pass away after your term life insurance policy, no benefits give to your family; and it doesn’t offer as much protection as other life insurance policies offer.

    Whole Life Insurance;

    Whole life insurance is exactly what it sounds like, a life insurance policy that lasts for someone’s whole life. Upon death, the beneficiary receives the value of the account. Whole life insurance is also known as permanent life insurance. The main difference between whole life and term life is that whole life insurance grows in value over time. Whole life insurance is similar to a retirement account where you are putting money toward the future, except in this case it is toward your death. An interesting fact about whole life insurance is that you can borrow money out of your account, which you cannot do with term insurance. To be able to borrow money out of your account, there must be a set minimum of money already invested into the account.

    Most whole life insurance policies mature when a person turns 100 years old, so if that person is still alive they will receive the face value of their account. The main reason why people choose whole life insurance over term life insurance is that they want to insure for the rest of their life. For this reason, whole life insurance is more expensive than term insurance. There are several different types of whole life insurance coverage. Non-participating whole life insurance means that you do not receive dividends for your policy. On the other hand, participating in whole life insurance means that you do receive dividends. Level premium whole life insurance is just like level term insurance, where you pay the same premium throughout the length of the policy.

    Why are you buy a whole life insurance?

    Purchasing a life insurance policy with a fixed premium is a great choice because once you retire; you wouldn’t want your premium to increase every year due to the loss in income. Single premium whole life insurance is a policy where you pay a large sum of money at the begging of your policy; which then eliminates having to pay premiums. This type of policy is not very popular the reason that you would need a lot of money upfront. Intermediate whole life insurance means that your premiums change over time depending on your status. In the past couple of years, a significant amount of people lost their homes because of adjustable mortgages, so I think that this type of whole life insurance is not a good choice.

    Some advantages of Whole life insurance are that they usually fixed premiums; the beneficiaries will receive money whenever the policyholder dies; there are tax benefits, and most of the money will return if the policy cancels. The money that accumulates in your policy is tax-free; which attracts a lot of people to purchase a whole life insurance policy over a term life insurance policy. Some disadvantages of whole life insurance are that it costly compare to term insurance; and, it is much more complicated than term life insurance. If you are interested in purchasing a whole life insurance policy; it is important to know which type it is so you know you will be able to afford it for the rest of your life.

    Universal Life Insurance;

    Universal life insurance is very similar to whole life insurance. A universal life insurance policy will cover someone for their whole life; so it also considers a permanent life insurance policy. Universal life insurance policies also grow in cash over time, which tax-defer. The interest rates increase and decrease like the money market; so there is a chance to make a lot of money in this type of life insurance. The main advantage that universal life insurance has over whole life insurance is that there is more flexibility in the policy. The cash value and the death benefits parts of your policy broke up; so a person can decide how much of their money will go in each part. The policyholder can also increase and decrease their premium depending on their situation.

    However, the insurance companies do have a target premium, so if you pay less than it, you may penalize. This type of life insurance policy would be best for someone who wanted to cover for the rest of their life and would want to be able to adjust their policy to suit their needs. Advantages of Universal life insurance are it is the most flexible, you can take out loans, you can adjust your premiums due to your situation, and the cash you earn in interest can use toward your payments. Some disadvantages are that your cash value isn’t guaranteed like it is with whole life insurance; and, it is more costly than term and universal life insurance policies.

    Variable Life Insurance;

    Variable life insurance is also considered a permanent type of life insurance. It is considered a “pure investment policy” because the insured has completed control of how their money is invested. They can decide to invest their cash account into bonds, stocks, or any other money market funds. For this reason, variable life insurance is the riskiest out of all the types of life insurance coverage. If a person makes poor investment choices, they risk losing a substantial amount of their money. On the other hand, if good investments make, the policyholder can receive a significant profit. Due to the risk of this type of life insurance, it is the most expensive one. This type of life insurance policy is only a good choice for people that understand the money market and will remain active in watching their investments.

    Benefits Advantages Drawbacks Disadvantages of Life Insurance Types of Coverage;

    Life insurance offers several advantages not available from any other financial instrument, yet it also has disadvantages.

    Benefits or Advantages of Life Insurance;

    • Life insurance provides an infusion of cash for dealing with the adverse financial consequences of the insured’s death.
    • Life insurance enjoys favorable tax treatment, unlike any other financial instrument. Policy loans are income tax-free.
    • A life insurance policy may exchange for another life insurance policy (or for an annuity) without incurring current taxation.
    • Many life insurance policies are exceptionally flexible in terms of adjusting to the policyholder’s needs. The death benefit may decrease at any time and the premiums may easily reduce, skip, or increase.
    • A cash value life insurance policy may be thought of as a tax-favored repository of easily accessible funds if the need arises; yet, the assets backing these funds are generally held in longer-term investments, thereby earning a higher return.

    Drawbacks or Disadvantages of Life Insurance;

    • Policyholders forego some current expenditure to pay policy premiums. Moreover, life insurance typically purchase for the benefit of others and usually only indirectly for the insured person.
    • Cash surrender values are usually less than the premiums paid in the first several policy years and sometimes a policy owner may not recover the premiums paid if the policy surrender.
    • The life insurance purchase decision and the positioning of the life insurance can be complex especially; if the insurance is for estate planning, business situations, or complex family situations.
    • The life insurance acquisition process can be annoying and perplexing (e.g. Is the life insurance agent trustworthy? Is this the right product and carrier? How can medical underwriting streamlined?).
    Life Insurance Types of Coverage Advantages Disadvantages and Explained Finance Essay Image
    4 Life Insurance Types of Coverage, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Explained Finance Essay; Image by Tumisu from Pixabay.

    References; Types of Life Insurance: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/life-insurance-will-pay-money-to-your-beneficiaries-if-you-die-business-essay.php?vref=1, and https://www.gatewayfinancial.biz/private-clients/advantages-disadvantages-of-life-insurance/

  • How to Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship?

    How to Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship?

    Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship, also Romantic Blaze Back; It’s hard to be in a relationship for long without that buzz, that romantic flair that keeps you attracted to one another, that urge to go home quickly so that you can get a glimpse of your partner. But it’s also true that it gradually declines as time progresses. But lucky you, we are here to tell you great ways of reigniting that lost spark of romance.

    Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship, here are 5 Ways of Getting that Romantic Blaze Back!

    These are actionable ways of reviving the same feeling of butterflies in your stomach you used to feel when you used to saw him/her before the relationship.

    Make the mornings count;

    Your mind is the least burdened early in the morning (of course if you had a good night’s sleep:p) so you need to make it count. Sit your partner in your garden or patio with a steaming cup of coffee or tea, switch off your phones or put them on silent mode on the table.

    Now, talk your heart out if any problems are going on in the relationship. Discuss the ways you can reclaim that lost charm of romance. Play a game to come up with ways of reigniting your relationship’s spark. Look into each other’s eyes and try to remember how you couldn’t get enough of each other years back. Try to train your mind to bring back that love, that flame, those emotions you had before.

    Repeat this routine for a week and you are bound to make some progress. You will be surprised as to how many ways you have explored to solve the problem.

    Don’t underestimate the power of gifts;

    Ah, the gifts. The failproof method of winning someone’s heart no matter how angry, uninterested, and irritated they might be. The same applies here.

    • Your partner once loved a plush penguin – give it to her.
    • Your boyfriend craved a Knicks game; while he was in college – get him a ticket to the next Knicks game in town.
    • Your wife had a passion for photography while you both were dating 3 years back – gift her a budget-friendly camera.

    You can show love for your married man with secret presents as well.

    Presents are approval guarantees; they can turn around a bad hair day in a minute, they can evaporate the bubble of anger and the storm of dislike, and they can lure in emotions of love and care drastically.

    Why not get fit for him/her once again;

    And this happens a lot. Partners start taking their lovers for granted and stop going through the hard work to look good for them. Wouldn’t you get suited up with a nice pair of jeans, a steam-pressed button shirt with a denim jacket for a date if you were single today? Sure, that’s what you did for your lover back in the time. But what now? You started to gain pounds, you stopped working out, your dressing sense reached an all-time low and the result – your partner started losing interest in you.

    And the same goes for the ladies. Don’t forget, your attractive body and sensual dressing sense were one of the things that got his attention at first. Why are you letting go of that strong point now? Why aren’t you wearing the same makeup for him as you did 2 years back? Is it because he doesn’t deserve that anymore. Oh, nooo.

    So get your fitness regime back and start to look good for each other. Hell, start going to the gym together and start reliving that time of relationship when everything of each other seemed nice.

    Plan a vacation;

    How to Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship Image
    How to Reignite the Lost Romance of Your Relationship? Photo by Andrea Piacquadio from Pexels.

    This proves to be gold a lot of times. The harsh work routines take a toll on both the partners in the relationship. You need to take a break. You can’t let your jobs or business disrupt your loving relationship, right. So, pack your bags (nothing fancy) and head to the nearest, most easily-planned holiday spot.

    The idea is to get out of that hideous 9-5 job (if that’s the case) or those 12-hour business commitments as soon as possible so try to make an easy plan. A nearby beach or a trip merely 2 hours away is fine. You shouldn’t let the ‘long deciding’ kick in because then you will be left out of the whole idea altogether. But that doesn’t mean you should miss out on a trip to Vegas if it’s possible easily😊.

    Have a romantic rooftop or beach dinner there, enjoy the calm waves of the sea, wake up to the merry chirping of the birds, cook dinner for each other, watch your favorite show together and we guarantee you, during this whole process, romance will find a way to be back in your lives.

    Plan your sexual chemistry;

    The sexual attraction is an integral part of a relationship, you can’t let that go unnoticed. But the point here is to change your pattern of initiating sex. If holding hands was your secret way before, try kissing on the forehead now. If you initiated the foreplay with a sexy satin dress before, try saying sexy sentences now. Allow tension to build, prolong the foreplay so the hormones can kick in and you can bring back the same excitement of the older times. We hope all the ideas prove worthy for you and you get your lost spark back.

  • Why Project Life Cycle is Make you know About Everything?

    Why Project Life Cycle is Make you know About Everything?

    Project Life Cycle: A Life Cycle or Lifecycle is a progression of changes that a thing or practical movement changes or develop through from the earliest starting point of the life, creation, or framework until’ the very end including propagation, at project management. The Project Life Cycle is a meaning and phase of the project’s reformist work measures from the earliest starting point to the furthest limit of the project. The Project Management essay Life Cycle comprises of the project inception, arranging, usage, and execution controlling and checking, and close-out movement.

    Here is the article to explain and discuss, Does the Project Life Cycle is Make you know About Everything.

    Each project has certain periods of advancement. An away from of these stages permits directors and chiefs to keep up control of the project all the more proficiently. By definition, a project has a start and an end and goes through a few periods of improvement known as life cycle stages.

    These stages shift relying on the business included however all follow similar essential advances. Realize that the project life cycle for each project may contrast, in both the number of stages it might have and the detail inside every one of these stages, at project management.

    Principles or phases periods of the Project life cycle:

    The five principle and phases periods of the project life cycle are as per the following:

    • Idea and Start-UP: This stage is the place where the project destinations characterize and the applied parts of the project concur upon. This might be the stage where an issue distinguishes and potential arrangements recommend.
    • Definition: Once the project goals have been obviously characterized then the examination of the arrangements is led as far as dangers, monetary responsibility, and advantages. The extent of work presently characterizes in detail.
    • Planning and Arranging: This stage is the place where the project separates into sensible territories of work and arrange regarding time, cost, and assets. This is a ceaseless cycle and will reach out all through the execution period of the project.
    • Execution and strategy: During this stage, the work actualizes, control, and check. The strategy of a plan of action or policy design to achieve a major or overall aim.
    • Success and Close-OUT: The last period of the project life cycle is close-out and deactivation, where assets reassign, the project gives over and the post-project survey is done.

    It is imperative to guarantee the project life cycle utilize on your project is suitable to the work being completed and part into unmistakable, phases and reasonable stages. The project life cycle additionally considers the door technique to utilize, most use in project management. This an attempt and trie technique for conveying projects on schedule, inside spending plan, and to the normal quality targets. At each stage, endorsement by and large needs from outside the project group before continuing to the following stage.

    Phases or Periods of a Project Life Cycle:

    A project is a grouping of exercises that has an unequivocal beginning and finish, a recognizable objective, and an incorporated arrangement of complex yet associated connections. Project Life Cycle comprises of successive stages through which projects go through, their phases very useful for project management. What do Only Men know About the Project Manager Role? The stages are significant in arranging a project since they give a system for planning, labor, asset distribution, booking project achievements, project audits, and so on All projects experience the accompanying stages whether large or little.

    Project Idea/Conception:

    A thought concerning intercession in a particular region to address and distinguish an issue create or shape. Wellsprings of thoughts incorporate;

    • Market request where one might be confronting expanding request in this way turning into an issue.
    • Mechanical changes-this powers an association to change to utilize the innovation.
    • Regular disasters like fire, floods, avalanches, dry season, and so on.
    • Asset accessibility utilizes the accessible assets.
    • Political contemplations.
    • Need to profit essential prerequisites or necessities to a local area.
    Project Identification:

    After the origination of thoughts, potential projects emerging from the thoughts solidified above are distinguished. The data might be caught as a proposition or recommendations and submitted to a specialist or office for thought and target judgment to evaluate the potential and support for the mediation before the thought goes to the following stage in the cycle.

    Project Preparation:

    Includes a more exhaustive and definite assortment of information and data on the proposed project. This is typically done by individuals with specialized and logical abilities in meeting the objective gainfully. The goal of the project characterizes and elective arrangements portray. Its normally led by individuals with specialized and scientific abilities to decide if the project can be accomplished and to set up whether the project is achievable. Practicality includes feasibility of the project for example expenses of the project and advantages of the project.

    The plausibility contemplates include:

    • Monetary possibility.
    • Financial practicality.
    • Specialized plausibility.
    • Climate plausibility.
    • Market plausibility.
    • Lawful plausibility and Social achievability.
    Project Appraisal:

    This includes the further far-reaching and methodical examination of the proposed projects by an autonomous group of specialists in an interview with the partners of the project, to survey whether the proposition support before a lot of cash submits. The impacts of the project on the association and society research and archive. In light of the examination, a choice makes on if to proceed with the project where a basic view finishes by a group of free specialists who do not engage with possibility contemplates done before. This gives a chance to rethink each part of the project before reserves raise submit.

    Project Selection:

    From the examination, a few projects might discover to be advantageous. In any case, not all feasible projects can actualize. We, accordingly, need to pick one or a couple of dependent on accessible assets and the needs of the investors. Where all projects are practical we may likewise require to focus on them arranged by conceivable usage. This is because of the shortage of assets for project execution

    Arrangement and Financing:

    When the project to actualize chose and settle upon, the following stage is to haggle for financing and other related angles for example conditions for awards, reimbursement period, loan fees, beauty period, the progression of assets, commitments from partners, and so on This finishes into a limiting record for all concerned.

    Making arrangements for Implementation:

    This is done before the last usage of the project. This stage includes all partners including implementers, recipients, financing offices. It empowers the Project Manager to address issues like the project destinations, the extent of the project, monetary courses of action, usage plans, project climate, the probability of changes to the plan, checking, and assessment plans, and so forth It empowers the meaning of goals, yields, inputs, exercises that will go into the project, the pointers, methods for the check, and presumptions of the project. The main results of such arranging incorporate time plans. The financial plan submitted for different exercises and quality plans. It is additionally critical to concoct project log outlines (legitimate equation) for example PPM (project arranging grid), particularly for the formative projects.

    Project Implementation:

    It is the most pivotal stage for most projects since project exercises are done at this stage. Numerous projects that bomb ordinarily do as such at this stage. Observing progress and detailing are urgent. Usage view as a ‘small scale cycle’ inside the project life cycle. It has three stages: Investment, improvement, and the full advancement stage.

    • Speculation period: It can require 1-3 years to rely upon the project. Significant ventures like purchasing capital things, stockrooms, and so on of the project attempted.
    • Advancement period: This happens when creation develops and the genuine exercises are being finished.
    • Full advancement period: This arrives at when creation gets and proceeds until the project closes.
    Checking and Reporting:

    This is an on-going action during usage. Observing is the assortment of information on project usage. The point is to guarantee that the exercises continue as indicated by the plan. Any issues can effectively identify and a remedial move makes. It very well may finish by recipients, executing staff, administrative staff, and the Project Management group. Correspondence channels ought to be clear and simple to permit straightforwardness and responsibility of those included.

    Assessment:

    It includes a precise audit or assessment of the component of accomplishment and disappointment in projects. The data gathered from checking is the fundamental contribution to the assessment. Is directed at three phases:

    • Ex-Ante assessment done before execution done for example abilities, assets required.
    • Simultaneous/continuous Evaluation-done during the interaction of users.
    • Ex-Post Evaluation-done toward the finish of the usage for example What has been accomplished? What isn’t accomplished? Why we didn’t accomplish it? and so forth.

    Characteristics of Project Life Cycle:

    The project life cycle characterizes the stages that associate the start of a project with its end. For instance, whenever an association recognizes a chance to which it might want to react; it will regularly approve an achievability study to choose whether it ought to attempt the project. How to become a Product Manager and what does a do they? The project life cycle definition can help the project director explain whether to treat the possibility concentrate as the primary project stage or as a different, independent project. Where the result of a particularly fundamental exertion isn’t plainly recognizable; it is ideal to regard such endeavors as a different project. The periods of a project life cycle are not equivalent to the Project Management Process Groups.

    Why Project Life Cycle is the Only Skill You Really Need?

    The change starting with one stage then onto the next inside a project’s life cycle by and large includes, and typically characterized by, some type of innovation move or handoff. Expectations from one stage typically evaluate for fulfillment and exactness and endorsed before work begins the following stage. Notwithstanding, it isn’t remarkable for a stage to start before the endorsement of the past stages expectations when the dangers included consider worthy. This act of covering stages, typically done in succession, is an illustration of the utilization of the timetable pressure method called optimizing.

    There is no single most ideal approach to characterize an ideal project life cycle. A few associations have set up strategies that normalize all projects with a solitary life cycle; while others permit the project supervisory group to pick the most suitable life cycle for the group’s project. Further, industry basic practices will frequently prompt the utilization of a favored life cycle inside that industry.

    Project life cycles by and large characterize:
    • What specialized work to do in each stage; for instance, in which stage should the engineer’s work be performed?
    • At the point when the expectations are to create in each stage and how every deliverable survey, check and approve.
    • Who associated with each stage; for instance, simultaneous designing necessitates that the implementers engage with prerequisites and plan.
    • The most effective method to control and favor each stage.
    • Project life cycle portrayals can be extremely broad or exceptionally point by point. Profoundly point by point portrayals of life cycles can incorporate structures, diagrams, and agendas to give construction and control.
    Most project life cycles share a few basic characteristics:

    Stages are by and large successive and normally characterized by some type of specialized data move or specialized part handoff. Cost and staffing levels are low toward the beginning, top during the transitional stages, and drop quickly as the project makes an inference.

    The degree of vulnerability is most elevated and, consequently, the danger of neglecting to accomplish the targets is most prominent toward the beginning of the project. The conviction of finish, by and large, improves as the project proceeds.

    The capacity of the partners to impact the last characteristics of the result of the project and the last expense of the project is most noteworthy toward the beginning and gets logically lower as the project proceeds. A significant supporter of this marvel is that the expense of changes and amending blunders by and large increments as the project proceeds.

    The Hidden Mystery Behind Project Life Cycle:

    Albeit many project life cycles have comparative stage names with comparative expectations, barely any life cycles are indistinguishable. Some can have four or five stages, however, others may have at least nine. Single application zones know to have huge varieties. One association’s product improvement life cycle can have a solitary plan stage; while another can have separate stages for the compositional and definite plans. Subprojects can likewise have particular project life cycles.

    For instance, a compositional firm employed to plan another place of business is first associated with the proprietor’s definition stage while doing the plan, and in the proprietor’s usage stage while supporting the development exertion. The planner’s plan project, in any case, will have its own arrangement of stages from the calculated turn of events, through definition and execution, to a conclusion. The planner can even treat planning the office and supporting the development as discrete projects, each with its own arrangement of stages.

    Why Project Life Cycle is Make you know About Everything Image
    Why Project Life Cycle is Make you know About Everything? Image from Pixabay.
  • The aspect of International Advertising in Social Life

    The aspect of International Advertising in Social Life

    What is International Advertising? This article about an aspect of International Advertising in Social Life, deeply explains. Why global market need International Advertising? Global advertising or international advertising consists of collecting, processing, analyzing, and interpreting information.

    The aspect of the International Advertising Essay in Social Life.

    There are two main purposes of international advertising research: (1) to assist business executives to make profitable international advertising decisions for their specific products and services and (2) to contribute to the general knowledge of international advertising that is potentially useful to a variety of business executives, educators, government policymakers, advertising self-regulatory organizations and others interested in understanding the process and effects of international advertising.

    Aspects of Advertising on Social Life:

    When we consider International Advertising from the advertiser’s point of view, according to them the primary objective of an advertisement is that the product or services which they are offering should sell in the market. And in achieving the main objective of selling the product or services there are other profound consequences.

    Advertising puts an influence that is both persuasive and pervasive. Through the selective reinforcement of certain language and values and social goals, it acts as important force attitudes that underlie behavior not only in the marketplace but also in all aspects of life.

    Global Advertising:

    In an international marketing concern, advertising has an important social influence in several ways: many of the international advertising is designed to promote and introduce new products from one market to another.

    Often this results in the sudden change in lifestyles, behavior patterns of a society, stimulating, for example, the adoption of fast food, casual attire or hygiene, and beauty products.

    International advertising encourages a desire for products from other countries; it creates expectations about “the good life”, and establishes new areas of consumption. Advertising is thus a potent force for change, while selectively reinforcing lifestyles, certain values, and role models.

    Global Market:

    We can see examples of brands like Levi’s, Adidas, Reebok, Nike, Marlboro, and McDonald’s. Which are familiar in almost every corner of the world. These brands have become an object of desire by the teen and young adults throughout the world. Even the scenes and images which have been shown in international advertising are either in western in origin or reflect western consumption behavior and values.

    Even where it had been adapting to local scenarios and role models these shown often come from sectors of society. Such as the upwardly mobile urban middle class. Which embrace or are receptive to Western values and mores. As a consequence, a criticism frequently leveled at international advertising is that it promulgates Western values and morals; especially from the US.

    Global Localization:

    This is generally regarded as negative in societies with strong religious and moral values. Which is run as a counter to those of the west? For example the Islamic societies in the Middle East. When Western advertising shows sexually explicit situations or shows women in situations. Which is considering as inappropriate or immoral? It is likely to consider a subversive force undermining established cultural mores and values.

    Similarly, in some countries such as France, there is strong opposition to the imposition of US culture, values, and use of English in advertising. Promotion of tobacco products by US and UK companies in countries. Where there is no legislation regulating or banning cigarette advertising has also been criticizing.

    Global Communication:

    At the same time, international advertising also acts as an integrating force across national boundaries. It makes the message known using universal symbols and slogans and establishes. A common mode of communication among target audiences in different parts of the world. At the same time, multicultural values are reinforcing by advertisers. Who adopt images incorporating peoples of different nations and diverse cultural backgrounds. For example, the Colors of Benetton campaign or the British Airways “Peoples of the World” campaign.

    Consequently, while, on the one hand, international advertising can view as a colonizing force propagating Western values and morale throughout the world. It is also an important force that integrates societies and establishes common bonds, universal symbols, and models of communication among peoples in different parts of the world.

    The Aspect of International Advertising in Social Life
    The aspect of International Advertising in Social Life.

  • Life Essence / जीवन-सार

    Life Essence / जीवन-सार

    Life Essence / जीवन-सार


    यह कहानी मुंशी प्रेमचंद द्वारा लिखी गई है!

    मेरा जीवन सपाट, समतल मैदान है, जिसमें कहीं-कहीं गढ़े तो हैं, पर टीलों, पर्वतों, घने जंगलों, गहरी घाटियों और खण्डहरों का स्थान नहीं है। जो सज्जन पहाड़ों की सैर के शौकीन हैं, उन्हें तो यहाँ निराशा ही होगी। मेरा जन्म सम्वत् १९६७ में हुआ। पिता डाकखाने में क्लर्क थे, माता मरीज। एक बड़ी बहिन भी थी। उस समय पिताजी शायद २० रुपये पाते थे। ४० रुपये तक पहुँचते-पहुँचते उनकी मृत्यु हो गयी। यों वह बड़े ही विचारशील, जीवन-पथ पर आँखें खोलकर चलने वाले आदमी थे; लेकिन आखिरी दिनों में एक ठोकर खा ही गये और खुद तो गिरे ही थे, उसी धक्के में मुझे भी गिरा दिया। पन्द्रह साल की अवस्था में उन्होंने मेरा विवाह कर दिया और विवाह करने के साल ही भर बाद परलोक सिधारे। उस समय मैं नवें दरजे में पढ़ता था। घर में मेरी स्त्री थी, विमाता थी, उनके दो बालक थे, और आमदनी एक पैसे की नहीं। घर में जो कुछ लेई-पूँजी थी, वह पिताजी की छ: महीने की बीमारी और क्रिया-कर्म में खर्च हो चुकी थी। और मुझे अरमान था, वकील बनने का और एम०ए० पास करने का। नौकरी उस जमाने में भी इतनी ही दुष्प्राप्य थी, जितनी अब है। दौड़-धूप करके शायद दस-बारह की कोई जगह पा जाता; पर यहाँ तो आगे पढ़ने की धुन थी-पाँव में लोहे की नहीं अष्टधातु की बेडिय़ाँ थीं और मैं चढऩा चाहता था पहाड़ पर!

    पाँव में जूते न थे। देह पर साबित कपड़े न थे। महँगी अलग-१० सेर के जौ थे। स्कूल से साढ़े तीन बजे छुट्टी मिलती थी। काशी के क्वींस कालेज में पढ़ता था। हेडमास्टर ने फीस माफ कर दी थी। इम्तहान सिर पर था। और मैं बाँस के फाटक पर एक लड़के को पढ़ाने जाता था। जाड़ों के दिन थे। चार बजे पहुँचता था। पढ़ाकर छ: बजे छुट्टी पाता। वहाँ से मेरा घर देहात में पाँच मील पर था। तेज चलने पर भी आठ बजे से पहले घर न पहुँच सकता। और प्रात:काल आठ ही बजे फिर घर से चलना पड़ता था, कभी वक्त पर स्कूल न पहुँचता। रात को भोजन करके कुप्पी के सामने पढ़ने बैठता और न जाने कब सो जाता। फिर भी हिम्मत बाँधे हुए था।

    मैट्रिकुलेशन तो किसी तरह पास हो गया, पर आया सेकेण्ड डिवीजन में और क्वींस कालेज में भरती होने की आशा न रही। फ़ीस केवल अव्वल दरजे वाले की ही मुआफ़ हो सकती थी। संयोग से उसी साल हिन्दू कालेज खुल गया। मैंने इस नये कालेज में पढ़ने का निश्चय किया। प्रिंसिपल थे मि० रिचर्डसन। उनके मकान पर गया। वह पूरे हिन्दुस्तानी वेश में थे। कुरता और धोती पहने फर्श पर बैठे कुछ लिख रहे थे। मगर मिजाज को तबदील करना इतना आसान न था। मेरी प्रार्थना सुनकर-आधी ही कहने पाया था-बोले कि घर में कालेज की बातचीत नहीं करता, क़ालेज में आओ। खैर, कालेज में गया। मुलाकात हुई; पर निराशाजनक। फ़ीस मुआफ़ न हो सकती थी। अब क्या करूँ? अगर प्रतिष्ठित सिफारिशें ला सकता, तो शायद मेरी प्रार्थना पर कुछ विचार होता; लेकिन देहाती युवक को शहर में जानता ही कौन था?

    रोज घर से चलता कि कहीं से सिफ़ारिश लाऊँ, पर बारह मील की मंजिल मारकर शाम को घर लौट आता। किससे कहूँ? कोई अपना पुछत्तर न था।

    कई दिनों के बाद एक सिफ़ारिश मिली। एक ठाकुर इन्द्रनारायण सिंह हिन्दू कालेज की प्रबन्धकारिणी सभा में थे। उनसे जाकर रोया। उन्हें मुझ पर दया आ गयी। सिफ़ारिशी चिठ्ठी दे दी। उस समय मेरे आनन्द की सीमा न रही। खुश होता हुआ घर आया। दूसरे दिन प्रिन्सिपल से मिलने का इरादा था; लेकिन घर पहुँचते ही मुझे ज्वर आ गया। और दो सप्ताह से पहले न हिला। नीम का काढ़ा पीते-पीते नाक में दम आ गया। एक दिन द्वार पर बैठा था कि मेरे पुरोहितजी आ गये। मेरी दशा देखकर समाचार पूछा और तुरन्त खेतों में जाकर एक जड़ खोद लाये और उसे धोकर सात दाने काली मिर्च के साथ पिसवाकर मुझे पिला दिया। उसने जादू सा असर किया। ज्वर चढऩे में घण्टे ही भर की देर थी। इस औषध ने, मानों जाकर उसका गला ही दबा दिया। मैंने पण्डितजी से बार-बार उस जड़ी का नाम पूछा, पर उन्होंने न बताया। कहा-नाम बता देने से उसका असर जाता रहेगा।

    एक महीने बाद मैं फिर मि० रिचर्डसन से मिला और सिफ़ारिशी चिठ्ठी दिखाई। प्रिंसिपल ने मेरी तरफ तीव्र नेत्रों से देखकर पूछा-इतने दिनों कहाँ थे?

    ‘बीमार हो गया था।’

    ‘क्या बीमारी थी?’

    मैं इस प्रश्न के लिए तैयार न था। अगर ज्वर बताता हूँ तो शायद साहब मुझे झूठा समझें। ज्वर मेरी समझ में हलकी-सी चीज थी, जिसके लिए इतनी लम्बी गैरहाजिरी अनावश्यक थी। कोई ऐसी बीमारी बतानी चाहिए, जो अपनी कष्टसाध्यता के कारण दया को भी उभारे। उस वक्त मुझे और किसी बीमारी का नाम याद न आया। ठाकुर इन्द्रनारायण सिंह से जब मैं सिफ़ारिश के लिए मिला था, तो उन्होंने अपने दिल की धडक़न की बीमारी की चर्चा की थी। वह शब्द मुझे याद आ गया।

    मैंने कहा-पैलपिटेशन आफ हार्ट सर!

    साहब ने विस्मित होकर मेरी ओर देखा और कहा-अब तुम बिलकुल अच्छे हो?

    ‘जी हाँ!’

    ‘अच्छा, प्रवेश-पत्र भरकर लाओ।’

    मैंने समझा बेड़ा पार हुआ। फार्म लिया, खानापुरी की और पेश कर दिया। साहब उस समय कोई क्लास ले रहे थे। तीन बजे मुझे फार्म वापस मिला। उस पर लिखा था-इसकी योग्यता की जाँच की जाय।

    यह नई समस्या उपस्थित हुई। मेरा दिल बैठ गया। अँग्रेजी के सिवा और किसी विषय में पास होने की मुझे आशा न थी। और बीजगणित और रेखागणित से तो रूह काँपती थी। जो कुछ याद था, वह भी भूल-भाल गया था; लेकिन दूसरा उपाय ही क्या था? भाग्य का भरोसा करके क्लास में गया और अपना फार्म दिखाया। प्रोफेसर साहब बंगाली थे अंग्रेजी पढ़ा रहे थे। वाशिंगटन इर्विंग का ‘रिपिवान विंकिल’ था। मैं पीछे की कतार में जाकर बैठ गया और दो-ही-चार मिनिट में मुझे ज्ञात हो गया कि प्रोफेसर साहब अपने विषय के ज्ञाता हैं। घण्टा समाप्त होने पर उन्होंने आज के पाठ पर मुझसे कई प्रश्न किये और फ़ार्म पर ‘सन्तोषजनक’ लिख दिया।

    दूसरा घण्टा बीजगणित का था। इसके प्रोफेसर भी बंगाली थे। मैंने अपना फ़ार्म दिखाया। नई संस्थाओं मंस प्राय: वही छात्र आते हैं, जिन्हें कहीं जगह नहीं मिलती। यहाँ भी यही हाल था। क्लासों में अयोग्य छात्र भरे हुए थे। पहले रेले में जो आया, वह भरती हो गया। भूख में साग-पात सभी रुचिकर होता है। अब पेट भर गया था। छात्र चुन-चुनकर लिये जाते थे। इन प्रोफेसर साहब ने गणित में मेरी परीक्षा ली और मैं फेल हो गया। फ़ार्म पर गणित के खाने में ‘असन्तोषजनक’ लिख दिया।

    मैं इतना हताश हुआ कि फ़ार्म लेकर फिर प्रिन्सिपल के पास न गया। सीधा घर चला आया। गणित मेरे लिए गौरीशंकर की चोटी थी। कभी उस पर न चढ़ सका। ‘इण्टरमीडिएट’ में दो बार गणित में फेल हुआ और निराश होकर इम्तहान देना छोड़ दिया। दस-बारह साल के बाद जब गणित की परीक्षा में अख्तियारी हो गयी तब मैंने दूसरे विषय लेकर उसे आसानी से पास कर लिया। उस समय तक यूनिवर्सिटी के इस नियम ने, कितने युवकों की आकांक्षाओं का खून किया, कौन कह सकता है। खैर मैं निराश होकरघर तो लौट आया; लेकिन पढ़ने की लालसा अभी तक बनी हुई थी। घर बैठकर क्या करता? किसी तरह गणित को सुधारूँ और कालेज में भरती हो जाऊँ, यही धुन थी। इसके लिए शहर में रहना जरूरी था। संयोग से एक वकील साहब के लडक़ों को पढ़ाने का काम मिल गया। पाँच रुपये वेतन ठहरा मैंने दो रुपये में अपना गुजर करके तीन रुपये घर पर देने का निश्चय किया। वकील साहब के अस्तबल के ऊपर एक छोटी-सी कच्ची कोठरी थी। उसी में रहने की आज्ञा ले ली! एक टाट का टुकड़ा बिछा दिया! बाजार से एक छोटा सा लैम्प लाया और शहर में रहने लगा। घर से कुछ बरतन भी लाया। एक वक्त खिचड़ी पका लेता और बरतन धो-माँजकर लाइब्रेरी चला जाता। गणित तो बहाना था, उपन्यास आदि पढ़ा करता। पण्डित रतननाथ दर का ‘फसाना-ए-आजाद’ उन्हीं दिनों पढ़ा। ‘चन्द्रकान्ता-सन्तति’ भी पढ़ी। बंकिम बाबू के उर्दू अनुवाद, जितने पुस्तकालय में मिले, सब पढ़ डाले। जिन वकील साहब के लडक़ों को पढ़ाता था, उनके साले मेरे साथ मैट्रिकुलेशन में पढ़ते थे। उन्हीं की सिफ़ारिश से मुझे यह पद मिला था। उनसे दोस्ती थी, इसलिए जब जरूरत होती, पैसे उधार ले लिया करता था। वेतन मिलने पर हिसाब हो जाता था। कभी दो रुपये हाथ आते, कभी तीन। जिस दिन वेतन के दो-तीन रुपये मिलते, मेरा संयम हाथ से निकल जाता। प्यासी तृष्णा हलवाई की दूकान की ओर खींच ले जाती। दो-तीन आने पैसे खाकर ही उठता। उसी दिन घर जाता और दो-ढाई रुपये दे आता। दूसरे दिन से फिर उधार लेना शुरू कर देता; लेकिन कभी-कभी उधार माँगने में भी संकोच होता और दिन-का-दिन निराहारव्रत रखना पड़ जाता।

    इस तरह चार-पाँच महीने बीते। इस बीच एक बजाज से दो-ढाई रुपये के कपड़े लिये थे। रोज उधर से निकलता था। उसे मुझ पर विश्वास हो गया था। जब महीने-दो-महीने निकल गये और मैं रुपये न चुका सका, तो मैंने उधर से निकलना ही छोड़ दिया! चक्कर देकर निकल जाता। तीन साल के बाद उसके रुपये अदा कर सका। उसी जमाने में शहर का एक बेलदार मुझसे हिन्दी पढ़ने आया करता था। वकील साहब के पिछवाड़े उसका मकान था। ‘जान लो भैया’ उसका सखुन तकिया था। हम लोग उसे ‘जान लो भैया’ ही कहा करते थे। एक बार मैंने उससे भी आठ आने पैसे उधार लिये थे। वह पैसे उसने मुझसे मेरे घर गाँव में जाकर पाँच साल बाद वसूल किये। मेरी अब भी पढ़ने की इच्छा थी; लेकिन दिन-दिन निराश होता जाता था। जी चाहता था, कहीं नौकरी कर लूँ। पर नौकरी कैसे मिलती है और कहाँ मिलती है, यह न जानता था।

    जाड़ों के दिन थे। पास एक कौड़ी न थी। दो दिन एक-एक पैसे का चबेना खाकर काटे थे। मेरे महाजन ने उधार देने से इनकार कर दिया था, या संकोचवश मैं उससे माँग न सका था। चिराग़ जल चुके थे। मैं एक बुकसेलर की दूकान पर एक किताब बेचने गया था। चक्रवर्ती गणित की कुंजी थी। दो साल हुए खरीदी थी। अब तक उसे बड़े जतन से रखे हुए था; पर आज चारों ओर से निराश होकर मैंने उसे बेचने का निश्चय किया। किताब दो रुपये की थी; लेकिन एक पर सौदा ठीक हुआ। मैं रुपया लेकर दूकान से उतरा ही था कि एक बड़ी-बड़ी मूँछों वाले सौम्य पुरुष ने, जो उस दूकान पर बैठे हुए थे, मुझसे पूछा-तुम कहाँ पढ़ते हो?

    मैंने कहा-पढ़ता तो कहीं नहीं हूँ; पर आशा करता हूँ कि कहीं नाम लिखा लूँगा।

    ‘मैट्रिकुलेशन पास हो?’

    ‘जी हाँ।’

    ‘नौकरी करने की इच्छा तो नहीं है?’

    ‘नौकरी कहीं मिलती ही नहीं।’

    वह सज्जन एक छोटे-से स्कूल के हेडमास्टर थे। इन्हें एक सहकारी अध्यापक की जरूरत थी। अठारह रुपये वेतन था। मैंने स्वीकार कर लिया। अठारह रुपये उस जमाने मेरी निराशा-व्यथित कल्पना की ऊँची-से-ऊँची उड़ान से भी ऊपर थे। मैं दूसरे दिन हेडमास्टर साहब से मिलने का वादा करके चला, तो पाँव जमीन पर न पड़ते थे। यह सन् १८९९ की बात है। परिस्थितियों का सामना करने को तैयार था और गणित में अटक न जाता, तो अवश्य आगे जाता; पर सबसे कठिन परिस्थिति यूनिवर्सिटी की मनोविज्ञान-शून्यता थी, जो उस समय और उसके कई साल बाद तक उस डाकू का-सा व्यवहार करती थी, जो छोटे-बड़े सभी को एक ही खाट पर सुलाता है।

    मैंने पहले-पहल १९०७ में गल्पें लिखनी शुरू कीं। डाक्टर रवीन्द्रनाथ की कई गल्पें मैंने अँग्रेजी में पढ़ी थीं और उनका उर्दू अनुवाद उर्दू पत्रिकाओं में छपवाया था। उपन्यास तो मैंने १९०१ ही से लिखना शुरू किया। मेरा एक उपन्यास १९०२ में निकला और दूसरा १९०४ में; लेकिन गल्प १९०७ से पहिले मैंने एक भी न लिखी। मेरी पहली कहानी का नाम था, ‘संसार का सबसे अनमोल रत्न’। वह १९०७ में, ‘जमाना’ में छपी। उसके बाद मैंने चार-पाँच कहानियाँ लिखीं। पाँच कहानियों का संग्रह ‘सोजे वतन’ के नाम से १९०९ में छपा। उस समय बंग-भंग का आन्दोलन हो रहा था। कांग्रेस में गर्म दल की सृष्टि हो चुकी थी। इन पाँचों कहानियों में स्वदेश-प्रेम की महिमा गाई गयी थी।

    उस वक्त मैं शिक्षा-विभाग में सब डिप्टी इन्सपेक्टर था और हमीरपुर जिले में तैनात था। पुस्तक को छपे छ: महीने हो चुके थे। एक दिन मैं रात को अपनी रावटी में बैठा हुआ था कि मेरे नाम जिलाधीश का परवाना पहुँचा, कि मुझसे तुरन्त मिलो। जाड़ों के दिन थे। साहब दौरे पर थे। मैंने बैलगाड़ी जुतवाई और रातों-रात ३०-४० मील तय करके दूसरे दिन साहब से मिला। साहब के सामने ‘सोजे वतन’ की एक प्रति रखी हुई थी। मेरा माथा ठनका। उस वक्त मैं ‘नवाबराय’ के नाम से लिखा करता था। मुझे इसका कुछ-कुछ पता मिल चुका था कि खुफिया पुलिस इस किताब के लेखक की खोज में है। समझ गया, उन लोगों ने मुझे खोज निकाला और इसी की जवाबदेही करने के लिए मुझे बुलाया गया है।

    साहब ने मुझसे पूछा-यह पुस्तक तुमने लिखी है?

    मैंने स्वीकार किया।

    साहब ने मुझसे एक-एक कहानी का आशय पूछा और अन्त में बिगडक़र बोले-तुम्हारी कहानियों में ‘सिडीशन’ भरा हुआ है। अपने भाग्य को बखानो कि अँग्रेजी अमलदारी में हो। मुगलों का राज्य होता, तो तुम्हारे दोनों हाथ काट लिये जाते। तुम्हारी कहानियाँ एकांगी हैं, तुमने अंग्रेजी सरकार की तौहीन की है, आदि। फैसला यह हुआ कि मैं ‘सोजे वतन’ की सारी प्रतियाँ सरकार के हवाले कर दूँ और साहब की अनुमति के बिना कभी कुछ न लिखूँ। मैंने समझा, चलो सस्ता छूटे। एक हजार प्रतियाँ छपी थीं। अभी मुश्किल से ३०० बिकी थीं। ७०० प्रतियाँ मैंने ‘जमाना कार्यालय’ से मँगवाकर साहब की सेवा में अर्पण कर दीं।

    मैंने समझा था, बला टल गयी; किन्तु अधिकारियों को इतनी आसानी से सन्तोष न हो सका। मुझे बाद को मालूम हुआ कि साहब ने इस विषय में जिले के अन्य कर्मचारियों से परामर्श किया। सुपरिण्टेडेण्ट पुलिस, दो डिप्टी कलेक्टर और डिप्टी इन्सपेक्टर-जिनका मैं मातहत था मेरी तकदीर का फैसला करने बैठे। एक डिप्टी कलेक्टर साहब ने गल्पों से उद्धरण निकालकर सिद्ध किया कि इनमें आदि से अन्त तक सिडीशन के सिवा और कुछ नहीं है। और सिडीशन भी साधारण नहीं; बल्कि संक्रामक। पुलिस के देवता ने कहा-ऐसे खतरनाक आदमी को जरूर सख्त सजा देनी चाहिए। डिप्टी-इन्सपेक्टर साहब मुझसे बहुत स्नेह करते थे। इस भय से कि कहीं मुआमला तूल न पकड़ ले, उन्होंने यह प्रस्ताव किया कि वह मित्रभाव से मेरे राजनीतिक विचारों की थाह लें और उस कमेटी में रिपोर्ट पेश करें। उनका विचार था, कि मुझे समझा दें और रिपोर्ट में लिख दें, कि लेखक केवल क़लम का उग्र है और राजनैतिक आन्दोलन से उसका कोई सम्बन्ध नहीं है। कमेटी ने उनके प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार किया। हालाँकि पुलिस के देवता उस वक्त भी पैंतरे बदलते रहे।

    सहसा कलेक्टर साहब ने डिप्टी इन्सपेक्टर से पूछा-आपको आशा है कि वह आपसे अपने दिल की बातें कह देगा?

    ‘आप मित्र बनकर उसका भेद लेना चाहते हैं। यह तो मुखबिरी है। मैं इसे कमीनापन समझता हूँ।’

    डिप्टी साहब अप्रतिभ होकर हकलाते हुए बोले-मैं तो हुजूर के हुक्म ….. साहब ने बात काटी-नहीं, यह मेरा हुक्म नहीं है। मैं ऐसा हुक्म नहीं देना चाहता। अगर पुस्तक के लेखक का सिडीशन साबित हो सके, तो खुली अदालत में मुकदमा चलाइए, नहीं धमकी देकर छोड़ दीजिए। ‘मुँह में राम, बगल में छुरी’ मुझे पसन्द नहीं।

    जब यह वृत्तान्त डिप्टी इन्सपेक्टर साहब ने कई दिन पीछे खुद मुझसे कहा, तो मैंने पूछा-क्या आप सचमुच मेरी मुखबिरी करते?

    वह हँसकर बोले-असम्भव! कोई लाख रुपये भी देता, तो न करता। मैं तो केवल अदालती कार्रवाई रोकना चाहता था, और वह रुक गयी। मुकदमा अदालत में आता, तो सजा हो जाना यकीनी था। यहाँ आपकी पैरवी करने वाला भी कोई न मिलता; मगर साहब हैं शरीफ आदमी।

    मैंने स्वीकार किया-बहुत ही शरीफ।

    मैं हमीरपुर ही में था कि मुझे पेचिश की शिकायत पैदा हो गयी। गर्मी के दिनों में देहातों में कोई हरी तरकारी मिलती न थी। एक बार कई दिन तक लगातार सूखी घुँइयाँ खानी पड़ीं। यों मैं घुँइयों को बिच्छू समझता हूँ और तब भी समझता था; लेकिन न-जाने क्योंकर यह धारणा मन में हो गयी कि अजवाइन से घुँइयाँ का बादीपन जाता रहता है। खूब अजवाइन खा लिया करता। दस-बारह दिन तक किसी तरह का कष्ट न हुआ। मैंने समझा, शायद बुन्देलखण्ड की पहाड़ी जलवायु ने मेरी दुर्बल पाचन शक्ति को तीव्र कर दिया; लेकिन एक दिन पेट में दर्द हुआ और सारे दिन मैं मछली की भाँति तड़पता रहा। फँकियाँ लगायीं; मगर दर्द न कम हुआ। दूसरे दिन से पेचिश हो गयी; मल के साथ आँव आने लगा; लेकिन दर्द जाता रहा।

    एक महीना बीत चुका था। मैं एक कस्बे में पहुँचा, तो वहाँ के थानेदार साहब ने मुझसे थाने में ही ठहरने और भोजन करने का आग्रह किया। कई दिन से मूँग की दाल खाते और पथ्य करते-करते ऊब उठा था। सोचा क्या हरज है, आज यहीं ठहरो। भोजन तो स्वादिष्ट मिलेगा! थाने में ही अड्डा जमा दिया। दारोगाजी ने जमींकन्द का सालन पकवाया, पकौडिय़ाँ, दही-बड़े, पुलाव। मैंने एहतियात से खाया-जमींकन्द तो मैंने केवल दो फाँकें खायीं; लेकिन खा-पीकर जब थाने के सामने दारोगाजी के फूस के बँगले में लेटा, तो दो-ढाई घण्टे के बाद पेट में फिर दर्द होने लगा। सारी रात और अगले दिन-भर कराहता रहा। सोडे की दो बोतलें पीने के बाद कै हुई, तो जाकर चैन मिला। मुझे विश्वास हो गया, यह जमींकन्द की कारस्तानी है। घुँइयाँ से पहले मेरी कुट्टी हो चुकी थी। अब जमींकन्द से भी बैर हो गया। तबसे इन दोनों चीजों की सूरत देखकर मैं काँप जाता हूँ। दर्द तो फिर जाता रहा; पर पेचिश ने अड्डा जमा दिया। पेट में चौबीसों घण्टे तनाव बना रहता। अफरा हुआ करता। संयम के साथ चार-पाँच मील टहलने जाता, व्यायाम करता, पथ्य से भोजन करता, कोई-न-कोई औषधि भी खाया करता; किन्तु पेचिश टलने का नाम न लेती थी, और देह भी घुलती जाती थी। कई बार कानपुर आकर दवा करायी, एक बार महीने-भर प्रयाग में डाक्टरी और आयुर्वेदिक औषधियों का सेवन किया; पर कोई फायदा नहीं।

    तब मैंने तबादला कराया। चाहता था रोहेलखण्ड; पर पटका गया बस्ती के जिले में, और हलका वह मिला जो नेपाल की तराई है। सौभाग्य से वहीं मेरा परिचय स्व० पं० मन्नन द्विवेदी गजपुरी से हुआ, जो डोमरियागंज में तहसीलदार थे। कभी-कभी उनके साथ साहित्य-चर्चा हो जाती थी; लेकिन यहाँ आकर पेचिश और बढ़ गयी। तब मैंने छ: महीने की छुट्टी ली; और लखनऊ के मेडिकल कालेज से निराश होकर काशी के एक हकीम से इलाज कराने लगा। तीन-चार महीने बाद कुछ थोड़ा-सा फायदा तो मालूम हुआ, पर बीमारी जड़ से न गयी। जब फिर बस्ती में पहुँचा तो वही हालत हो गयी। तब मैंने दौरे की नौकरी छोड़ दी और बस्ती हाईस्कूल में स्कूल-मास्टर हो गया। फिर यहाँ से तबदील होकर गोरखपुर पहुँचा। पेचिश पूर्ववत जारी रही। यहाँ मेरा परिचय महावीर प्रसादजी पोद्दार से हुआ जो साहित्य के मर्मज्ञ, राष्ट्र के सच्चे सेवक और बड़े ही उद्योगी पुरुष हैं। मैंने बस्ती से ही ‘सरस्वती’ में कई गल्पें छपवायीं थीं। पोद्दारजी की प्रेरणा से मैंने फिर उपन्यास लिखा और ‘सेवासदन’ की सृष्टि हुई। वहीं मैंने प्राइवेट बी०ए० भी पास किया। ‘सेवासदन’ का जो आदर हुआ, उससे उत्साहित होकर मैंने ‘प्रेमाश्रम’ लिख डाला और गल्पें भी बराबर लिखता रहा।

    कुछ मित्रों की, विशेषकर पोद्दारजी की सलाह से मैंने जल-चिकित्सा आरम्भ की; लेकिन तीन-चार महीने के स्नान और पथ्य का मेरे दुर्भाग्य से यह परिणाम हुआ कि मेरा पेट बढ़ गया और मुझे रास्ता चलने में भी दुर्बलता मालूम होने लगी। एक बार कई मित्रों के साथ मुझे एक जीने पर चढऩे का अवसर पड़ा। और लोग धड़धड़ाते हुए चले गये, पर मेरे पाँव ही न उठते थे। बड़ी मुश्किल से हाथों का सहारा लेते हुए ऊपर पहुँचा। उसी दिन मुझे अपनी कमजोरी का यथार्थ ज्ञान हुआ। समझ गया, अब थोड़े दिनों का और मेहमान हूँ, जल-चिकित्सा बन्द कर दी।

    एक दिन सन्ध्या समय ‘उर्दू बाजार’ में श्री दशरथप्रसादजी द्विवेदी, सम्पादक ‘स्वदेश’ से मेरी भेंट हो गयी। कभी-कभी उनसे भी साहित्य-चर्चा होती रहती थी। उन्होंने मेरी पीली सूरत देखकर खेद के साथ कहा-बाबूजी, आप तो बिलकुल पीले पड़ गये हैं, कोई इलाज कराइए।

    मुझे अपनी बीमारी का जिक्र बुरा लगता था। मैं भूल जाना चाहता था कि मैं बीमार हूँ। जब दो-चार महीने ही का जिन्दगी से नाता है, तो क्यों न हँसकर मरूँ? मैंने चिढक़र कहा-मर ही तो जाऊँगा भई, या और कुछ! मैं मौत का स्वागत करने को तैयार हूँ। द्विवेदीजी बेचारे लज्जित हो गये। मुझे पीछे से अपनी उग्रता पर बड़ा खेद हुआ। यह १९२१ की बात है। असहयोग आन्दोलन जोरों पर था। जलियाँवाला बाग का हत्याकाण्ड हो चुका था। उन्हीं दिनों महात्मा गाँधी ने गोरखपुर का दौरा किया। गाजीमियाँ के मैदान में ऊँचा प्लेटफार्म तैयार किया गया। दो लाख से कम जमाव न था। क्या शहर, क्या देहात, श्रद्धालु जनता दौड़ी चली आती थी। ऐसा समारोह मैंने अपने जीवन में कभी न देखा था। महात्माजी के दर्शनों का यह प्रताप था, कि मुझ-जैसा मरा हुआ आदमी भी चेत उठा। उसके दो ही चार दिन बाद मैंने अपनी २० साल की नौकरी से इस्तीफा दे दिया।

    अब देहात में चलकर कुछ प्रचार करने की इच्छा हुई। पोद्दारजी का देहात में एक मकान था। हम और वह दोनों वहाँ चले गये और चर्खे बनवाने लगे। वहाँ जाने के एक ही सप्ताह बाद मेरी पेचिश कम होने लगी। यहाँ तक कि एक महीने के अन्दर मल के साथ आँव आना बन्द हो गया। फिर मैं काशी चला आया और अपने देहात में बैठकर कुछ प्रचार और कुछ साहित्य-सेवा में जीवन को सार्थक करने लगा। गुलामी से मुक्त होते ही मैं नौ साल के जीर्ण रोग से मुक्त हो गया।

    इस अनुभव ने मुझे कट्टर भाग्यवादी बना दिया है। अब मेरा दृढ़ विश्वास है कि भगवान् की जो इच्छा होती है वही होता है, और मनुष्य का उद्योग भी इच्छा के बिना सफल नहीं होता।

    Life Essence / जीवन-सार


  • Motivational and Inspiring Short Stories About Life

    Motivational and Inspiring Short Stories About Life

    Motivational and Inspiring 5 Short Stories About Life; When life has got you in a slump, turn to these inspirational short stories. Not only is reading them like getting an internet hug for the soul, but they just may spark an idea or a change in you for the better. Read on and get ready how to keep a smile yourself.

    Here is the article to explain, 5 best Short Story for Life – Motivational and Inspiring.

    The following few Motivational and Inspiring Short Stories below are;

    1. Everyone Has a Story in Life

    A 24-year-old boy seeing out from the train’s window shouted…!

    “Dad, look the trees are going behind!”
    Dad smiled and a young couple sitting nearby; looked at the 24-year old’s childish behavior with pity, suddenly he again exclaimed…

    “Dad, look the clouds are running with us!”

    The couple couldn’t resist and said to the old man…!

    “Why don’t you take your son to a good doctor?” The old man smiled and said…“I did and we are just coming from the hospital, my son was blind from birth, he just got his eyes today.”

    Every single person on the planet has a story. Don’t judge people before you truly know them. The truth might surprise you.

    2. Shake off Your Problems

    A man’s favorite donkey falls into a deep precipice. He can’t pull it out no matter how hard he tries. He, therefore, decides to bury it alive.

    The soil pore onto the donkey from above. The donkey feels the load, shakes it off, and steps on it. More soil pours.

    It shakes it off and steps up. The more the load was poured, the higher it rose. By noon, the donkey was grazing in green pastures.

    After much shaking off (of problems) And stepping up (learning from them), One will graze in GREEN PASTURES.

    3. The Elephant Rope

    As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no cages. It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds but for some reason, they did not.

    He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt to getaway. “Well,” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them, and, at that age, it’s enough to hold them. As they grow up, they condition to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, so they never try to break free.”

    The man was amazed. These animals could at any time break free from their bonds but because they believed they couldn’t, they were stuck right where they were.

    Like the elephants, how many of us go through life hanging onto a belief that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before?

    Failure is part of learning; we should never give up the struggle in life. This is the best Inspiring Short Stories.

    4. Potatoes, Eggs, and Coffee Beans

    Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed.

    Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second pot, and ground coffee beans in the third pot.

    He then let them sit and boil, without saying a word to his daughter. The daughter moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing.

    After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed them in a bowl, He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl.

    He then ladled the coffee out and placed it in a cup. Turning to her he asked. “Daughter, what do you see?”

    “Potatoes, eggs, and coffee,” she hastily replied.

    “Look closer,” he said, “and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face.

    “Father, what does this mean?” she asked.

    continue…

    He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same adversity– the boiling water.

    However, each one reacted differently.

    The potato went in strong, hard, and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and weak.

    The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard.

    However, the ground coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new.

    “Which are you,” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean? “

    Moral: In life, things happen around us, things happen to us, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us.

    Which one are you?

    5. A Dish of Ice Cream

    In the days when an ice cream sundae cost much less, a 10-year-old boy entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a table. A waitress put a glass of water in front of him.

    “How much is an ice cream sundae?”

    “50 cents,” replied the waitress.

    The little boy pulled his hand out of his pocket and studied a number of coins in it.

    “How much is a dish of plain ice cream?” he inquired. Some people were now waiting for a table and the waitress was a bit impatient.

    “35 cents,” she said brusquely.

    The little boy again counted the coins. “I’ll have the plain ice cream,” he said.

    The waitress brought the ice cream, put the bill on the table and walked away. The boy finished the ice cream, paid the cashier and departed.

    When the waitress came back, she began wiping down the table and then swallowed hard at what she saw.

    There, placed neatly beside the empty dish, were 15 cents – her tip.

    Motivational and Inspiring Short Stories About Life
    5 Motivational and Inspiring Short Stories About Life.
  • Old Sultan

    Old Sultan

    Old Sultan


    “The Fairy Tales” short story was written by the Brothers Grimm: A shepherd had a faithful dog, called Sultan, who was grown very old, and had lost all his teeth. And one day when the shepherd and his wife were standing together before the house the shepherd said, ‘I will shoot old Sultan tomorrow morning, for he is of no use now.’ But his wife said, ‘Pray let the poor faithful creature live; he has served us well a great many years, and we ought to give him a livelihood for the rest of his days.’ ‘But what can we do with him?’ said the shepherd, ‘he has not a tooth in his head, and the thieves don’t care for him at all; to be sure he has served us, but then he did it to earn his livelihood; tomorrow shall be his last day, depend upon it.’

    Poor Sultan, who was lying close by them, heard all that the shepherd and his wife said to one another, and was very much frightened to think tomorrow would be his last day; so in the evening he went to his good friend the wolf, who lived in the wood, and told him all his sorrows, and how his master meant to kill him in the morning. ‘Make yourself easy,’ said the wolf, ‘I will give you some good advice. Your master, you know, goes out every morning very early with his wife into the field; and they take their little child with them, and lay it down behind the hedge in the shade while they are at work. Now do you lie down close by the child, and pretend to be watching it, and I will come out of the wood and run away with it; you must run after me as fast as you can, and I will let it drop; then you may carry it back, and they will think you have saved their child, and will be so thankful to you that they will take care of you as long as you live.’ The dog liked this plan very well; and accordingly so it was managed. The wolf ran with the child a little way; the shepherd and his wife screamed out; but Sultan soon overtook him, and carried the poor little thing back to his master and mistress. Then the shepherd patted him on the head, and said, ‘Old Sultan has saved our child from the wolf, and therefore he shall live and be well taken care of, and have plenty to eat. Wife, go home, and give him a good dinner, and let him have my old cushion to sleep on as long as he lives.’ So from this time forward Sultan had all that he could wish for.

    Soon afterwards the wolf came and wished him joy, and said, ‘Now, my good fellow, you must tell no tales, but turn your head the other way when I want to taste one of the old shepherd’s fine fat sheep.’ ‘No,’ said the Sultan; ‘I will be true to my master.’ However, the wolf thought he was in joke, and came one night to get a dainty morsel. But Sultan had told his master what the wolf meant to do; so he laid wait for him behind the barn door, and when the wolf was busy looking out for a good fat sheep, he had a stout cudgel laid about his back, that combed his locks for him finely.

    Then the wolf was very angry, and called Sultan ‘an old rogue,’ and swore he would have his revenge. So the next morning the wolf sent the boar to challenge Sultan to come into the wood to fight the matter. Now Sultan had nobody he could ask to be his second but the shepherd’s old three-legged cat; so he took her with him, and as the poor thing limped along with some trouble, she stuck up her tail straight in the air.

    The wolf and the wild boar were first on the ground; and when they espied their enemies coming, and saw the cat’s long tail standing straight in the air, they thought she was carrying a sword for Sultan to fight with; and every time she limped, they thought she was picking up a stone to throw at them; so they said they should not like this way of fighting, and the boar lay down behind a bush, and the wolf jumped up into a tree. Sultan and the cat soon came up, and looked about and wondered that no one was there. The boar, however, had not quite hidden himself, for his ears stuck out of the bush; and when he shook one of them a little, the cat, seeing something move, and thinking it was a mouse, sprang upon it, and bit and scratched it, so that the boar jumped up and grunted, and ran away, roaring out, ‘Look up in the tree, there sits the one who is to blame.’ So they looked up, and espied the wolf sitting amongst the branches; and they called him a cowardly rascal, and would not suffer him to come down till he was heartily ashamed of himself, and had promised to be good friends again with old Sultan.


  • Mother Holle / Frau Holle

    Mother Holle / Frau Holle


    “The Fairy Tales” short story was written by the Brothers Grimm: Once upon a time there was a widow who had two daughters; one of them was beautiful and industrious, the other ugly and lazy. The mother, however, loved the ugly and lazy one best, because she was her own daughter, and so the other, who was only her stepdaughter, was made to do all the work of the house, and was quite the Cinderella of the family. Her stepmother sent her out every day to sit by the well in the high road, there to spin until she made her fingers bleed. Now it chanced one day that some blood fell on to the spindle, and as the girl stopped over the well to wash it off, the spindle suddenly sprang out of her hand and fell into the well. She ran home crying to tell of her misfortune, but her stepmother spoke harshly to her, and after giving her a violent scolding, said unkindly, ‘As you have let the spindle fall into the well you may go yourself and fetch it out.’

    The girl went back to the well not knowing what to do, and at last in her distress she jumped into the water after the spindle.

    She remembered nothing more until she awoke and found herself in a beautiful meadow, full of sunshine, and with countless flowers blooming in every direction.

    She walked over the meadow, and presently she came upon a baker’s oven full of bread, and the loaves cried out to her, ‘Take us out, take us out, or alas! we shall be burnt to a cinder; we were baked through long ago.’ So she took the bread-shovel and drew them all out.

    She went on a little farther, till she came to a free full of apples. ‘Shake me, shake me, I pray,’ cried the tree; ‘my apples, one and all, are ripe.’ So she shook the tree, and the apples came falling down upon her like rain; but she continued shaking until there was not a single apple left upon it. Then she carefully gathered the apples together in a heap and walked on again.

    The next thing she came to was a little house, and there she saw an old woman looking out, with such large teeth, that she was terrified, and turned to run away. But the old woman called after her, ‘What are you afraid of, dear child? Stay with me; if you will do the work of my house properly for me, I will make you very happy. You must be very careful, however, to make my bed in the right way, for I wish you always to shake it thoroughly, so that the feathers fly about; then they say, down there in the world, that it is snowing; for I am Mother Holle.’ The old woman spoke so kindly, that the girl summoned up courage and agreed to enter into her service.

    She took care to do everything according to the old woman’s bidding and every time she made the bed she shook it with all her might, so that the feathers flew about like so many snowflakes. The old woman was as good as her word: she never spoke angrily to her, and gave her roast and boiled meats every day.

    So she stayed on with Mother Holle for some time, and then she began to grow unhappy. She could not at first tell why she felt sad, but she became conscious at last of great longing to go home; then she knew she was homesick, although she was a thousand times better off with Mother Holle than with her mother and sister. After waiting awhile, she went to Mother Holle and said, ‘I am so homesick, that I cannot stay with you any longer, for although I am so happy here, I must return to my own people.’

    Then Mother Holle said, ‘I am pleased that you should want to go back to your own people, and as you have served me so well and faithfully, I will take you home myself.’

    Thereupon she led the girl by the hand up to a broad gateway. The gate was opened, and as the girl passed through, a shower of gold fell upon her, and the gold clung to her, so that she was covered with it from head to foot.

    ‘That is a reward for your industry,’ said Mother Holle, and as she spoke she handed her the spindle which she had dropped into the well.

    The gate was then closed, and the girl found herself back in the old world close to her mother’s house. As she entered the courtyard, the cock who was perched on the well, called out:

    ‘Cock-a-doodle-doo!
    Your golden daughter’s come back to you.’

    Then she went in to her mother and sister, and as she was so richly covered with gold, they gave her a warm welcome. She related to them all that had happened, and when the mother heard how she had come by her great riches, she thought she should like her ugly, lazy daughter to go and try her fortune. So she made the sister go and sit by the well and spin, and the girl pricked her finger and thrust her hand into a thorn-bush, so that she might drop some blood on to the spindle; then she threw it into the well, and jumped in herself.

    Like her sister she awoke in the beautiful meadow, and walked over it till she came to the oven. ‘Take us out, take us out, or alas! we shall be burnt to a cinder; we were baked through long ago,’ cried the loaves as before. But the lazy girl answered, ‘Do you think I am going to dirty my hands for you?’ and walked on.

    Presently she came to the apple-tree. ‘Shake me, shake me, I pray; my apples, one and all, are ripe,’ it cried. But she only answered, ‘A nice thing to ask me to do, one of the apples might fall on my head,’ and passed on.

    At last she came to Mother Holle’s house, and as she had heard all about the large teeth from her sister, she was not afraid of them, and engaged herself without delay to the old woman.

    The first day she was very obedient and industrious, and exerted herself to please Mother Holle, for she thought of the gold she should get in return. The next day, however, she began to dawdle over her work, and the third day she was more idle still; then she began to lie in bed in the mornings and refused to get up. Worse still, she neglected to make the old woman’s bed properly, and forgot to shake it so that the feathers might fly about. So Mother Holle very soon got tired of her, and told her she might go. The lazy girl was delighted at this, and thought to herself, ‘The gold will soon be mine.’ Mother Holle led her, as she had led her sister, to the broad gateway; but as she was passing through, instead of the shower of gold, a great bucketful of pitch came pouring over her.

    ‘That is in return for your services,’ said the old woman, and she shut the gate.

    So the lazy girl had to go home covered with pitch, and the cock on the well called out as she saw her:

    ‘Cock-a-doodle-doo!
    Your dirty daughter’s come back to you.’

    But, try what she would, she could not get the pitch off and it stuck to her as long as she lived.


  • Hansel and Gretel

    Hansel and Gretel


    “The Fairy Tales” short story was written by the Brothers Grimm: Hard by a great forest dwelt a poor wood-cutter with his wife and his two children. The boy was called Hansel and the girl Gretel. He had little to bite and to break, and once when great dearth fell on the land, he could no longer procure even daily bread. Now when he thought over this by night in his bed, and tossed about in his anxiety, he groaned and said to his wife: ‘What is to become of us? How are we to feed our poor children, when we no longer have anything even for ourselves?’ ‘I’ll tell you what, husband,’ answered the woman, ‘early tomorrow morning we will take the children out into the forest to where it is the thickest; there we will light a fire for them, and give each of them one more piece of bread, and then we will go to our work and leave them alone. They will not find the way home again, and we shall be rid of them.’ ‘No, wife,’ said the man, ‘I will not do that; how can I bear to leave my children alone in the forest? —the wild animals would soon come and tear them to pieces.’ ‘O, you fool!’ said she, ‘then we must all four die of hunger, you may as well plane the planks for our coffins,’ and she left him no peace until he consented. ‘But I feel very sorry for the poor children, all the same,’ said the man.

    Hansel and Gretel

    The two children had also not been able to sleep for hunger, and had heard what their stepmother had said to their father. Gretel wept bitter tears, and said to Hansel: ‘Now all is over with us.’ ‘Be quiet, Gretel,’ said Hansel, ‘do not distress yourself, I will soon find a way to help us.’ And when the old folks had fallen asleep, he got up, put on his little coat, opened the door below, and crept outside. The moon shone brightly, and the white pebbles which lay in front of the house glittered like real silver pennies. Hansel stooped and stuffed the little pocket of his coat with as many as he could get in. Then he went back and said to Gretel: ‘Be comforted, dear little sister, and sleep in peace, God will not forsake us,’ and he lay down again in his bed. When day dawned, but before the sun had risen, the woman came and awoke the two children, saying: ‘Get up, you sluggards! we are going into the forest to fetch wood.’ She gave each a little piece of bread, and said: ‘There is something for your dinner, but do not eat it up before then, for you will get nothing else.’ Gretel took the bread under her apron, as Hansel had the pebbles in his pocket. Then they all set out together on the way to the forest. When they had walked a short time, Hansel stood still and peeped back at the house, and did so again and again. His father said: ‘Hansel, what are you looking at there and staying behind for? Pay attention, and do not forget how to use your legs.’ ‘Ah, father,’ said Hansel, ‘I am looking at my little white cat, which is sitting up on the roof, and wants to say goodbye to me.’ The wife said: ‘Fool, that is not your little cat, that is the morning sun which is shining on the chimneys.’ Hansel, however, had not been looking back at the cat, but had been constantly throwing one of the white pebble-stones out of his pocket on the road.

    When they had reached the middle of the forest, the father said: ‘Now, children, pile up some wood, and I will light a fire that you may not be cold.’ Hansel and Gretel gathered brushwood together, as high as a little hill. The brushwood was lighted, and when the flames were burning very high, the woman said: ‘Now, children, lay yourselves down by the fire and rest, we will go into the forest and cut some wood. When we have done, we will come back and fetch you away.’

    Hansel and Gretel sat by the fire, and when noon came, each ate a little piece of bread, and as they heard the strokes of the wood-axe they believed that their father was near. It was not the axe, however, but a branch which he had fastened to a withered tree which the wind was blowing backwards and forwards. And as they had been sitting such a long time, their eyes closed with fatigue, and they fell fast asleep. When at last they awoke, it was already dark night. Gretel began to cry and said: ‘How are we to get out of the forest now?’ But Hansel comforted her and said: ‘Just wait a little, until the moon has risen, and then we will soon find the way.’ And when the full moon had risen, Hansel took his little sister by the hand, and followed the pebbles which shone like newly-coined silver pieces, and showed them the way.

    They walked the whole night long, and by break of day came once more to their father’s house. They knocked at the door, and when the woman opened it and saw that it was Hansel and Gretel, she said: ‘You naughty children, why have you slept so long in the forest?—we thought you were never coming back at all!’ The father, however, rejoiced, for it had cut him to the heart to leave them behind alone.

    Not long afterwards, there was once more great dearth throughout the land, and the children heard their mother saying at night to their father: ‘Everything is eaten again, we have one half loaf left, and that is the end. The children must go, we will take them farther into the wood, so that they will not find their way out again; there is no other means of saving ourselves!’ The man’s heart was heavy, and he thought: ‘It would be better for you to share the last mouthful with your children.’ The woman, however, would listen to nothing that he had to say, but scolded and reproached him. He who says A must say B, likewise, and as he had yielded the first time, he had to do so a second time also.

    The children, however, were still awake and had heard the conversation. When the old folks were asleep, Hansel again got up, and wanted to go out and pick up pebbles as he had done before, but the woman had locked the door, and Hansel could not get out. Nevertheless he comforted his little sister, and said: ‘Do not cry, Gretel, go to sleep quietly, the good God will help us.’

    Early in the morning came the woman, and took the children out of their beds. Their piece of bread was given to them, but it was still smaller than the time before. On the way into the forest Hansel crumbled his in his pocket, and often stood still and threw a morsel on the ground. ‘Hansel, why do you stop and look round?’ said the father, ‘go on.’ ‘I am looking back at my little pigeon which is sitting on the roof, and wants to say goodbye to me,’ answered Hansel. ‘Fool!’ said the woman, ‘that is not your little pigeon, that is the morning sun that is shining on the chimney.’ Hansel, however little by little, threw all the crumbs on the path.

    The woman led the children still deeper into the forest, where they had never in their lives been before. Then a great fire was again made, and the mother said: ‘Just sit there, you children, and when you are tired you may sleep a little; we are going into the forest to cut wood, and in the evening when we are done, we will come and fetch you away.’ When it was noon, Gretel shared her piece of bread with Hansel, who had scattered his by the way. Then they fell asleep and evening passed, but no one came to the poor children. They did not awake until it was dark night, and Hansel comforted his little sister and said: ‘Just wait, Gretel, until the moon rises, and then we shall see the crumbs of bread which I have strewn about, they will show us our way home again.’ When the moon came they set out, but they found no crumbs, for the many thousands of birds which fly about in the woods and fields had picked them all up. Hansel said to Gretel: ‘We shall soon find the way,’ but they did not find it. They walked the whole night and all the next day too from morning till evening, but they did not get out of the forest, and were very hungry, for they had nothing to eat but two or three berries, which grew on the ground. And as they were so weary that their legs would carry them no longer, they lay down beneath a tree and fell asleep.

    It was now three mornings since they had left their father’s house. They began to walk again, but they always came deeper into the forest, and if help did not come soon, they must die of hunger and weariness. When it was mid-day, they saw a beautiful snow-white bird sitting on a bough, which sang so delightfully that they stood still and listened to it. And when its song was over, it spread its wings and flew away before them, and they followed it until they reached a little house, on the roof of which it alighted; and when they approached the little house they saw that it was built of bread and covered with cakes, but that the windows were of clear sugar. ‘We will set to work on that,’ said Hansel, ‘and have a good meal. I will eat a bit of the roof, and you Gretel, can eat some of the window, it will taste sweet.’ Hansel reached up above, and broke off a little of the roof to try how it tasted, and Gretel leant against the window and nibbled at the panes. Then a soft voice cried from the parlour:

    ‘Nibble, nibble, gnaw,
    Who is nibbling at my little house?’

    The children answered:

    ‘The wind, the wind,
    The heaven-born wind,’

    and went on eating without disturbing themselves. Hansel, who liked the taste of the roof, tore down a great piece of it, and Gretel pushed out the whole of one round window-pane, sat down, and enjoyed herself with it. Suddenly the door opened, and a woman as old as the hills, who supported herself on crutches, came creeping out. Hansel and Gretel were so terribly frightened that they let fall what they had in their hands. The old woman, however, nodded her head, and said: ‘Oh, you dear children, who has brought you here? do come in, and stay with me. No harm shall happen to you.’ She took them both by the hand, and led them into her little house. Then good food was set before them, milk and pancakes, with sugar, apples, and nuts. Afterwards two pretty little beds were covered with clean white linen, and Hansel and Gretel lay down in them, and thought they were in heaven.

    Hansel and Gretel

    The old woman had only pretended to be so kind; she was in reality a wicked witch, who lay in wait for children, and had only built the little house of bread in order to entice them there. When a child fell into her power, she killed it, cooked and ate it, and that was a feast day with her. Witches have red eyes, and cannot see far, but they have a keen scent like the beasts, and are aware when human beings draw near. When Hansel and Gretel came into her neighbourhood, she laughed with malice, and said mockingly: ‘I have them, they shall not escape me again!’ Early in the morning before the children were awake, she was already up, and when she saw both of them sleeping and looking so pretty, with their plump and rosy cheeks she muttered to herself: ‘That will be a dainty mouthful!’ Then she seized Hansel with her shrivelled hand, carried him into a little stable, and locked him in behind a grated door. Scream as he might, it would not help him. Then she went to Gretel, shook her till she awoke, and cried: ‘Get up, lazy thing, fetch some water, and cook something good for your brother, he is in the stable outside, and is to be made fat. When he is fat, I will eat him.’ Gretel began to weep bitterly, but it was all in vain, for she was forced to do what the wicked witch commanded.

    And now the best food was cooked for poor Hansel, but Gretel got nothing but crab-shells. Every morning the woman crept to the little stable, and cried: ‘Hansel, stretch out your finger that I may feel if you will soon be fat.’ Hansel, however, stretched out a little bone to her, and the old woman, who had dim eyes, could not see it, and thought it was Hansel’s finger, and was astonished that there was no way of fattening him. When four weeks had gone by, and Hansel still remained thin, she was seized with impatience and would not wait any longer. ‘Now, then, Gretel,’ she cried to the girl, ‘stir yourself, and bring some water. Let Hansel be fat or lean, tomorrow I will kill him, and cook him.’ Ah, how the poor little sister did lament when she had to fetch the water, and how her tears did flow down her cheeks! ‘Dear God, do help us,’ she cried. ‘If the wild beasts in the forest had but devoured us, we should at any rate have died together.’ ‘Just keep your noise to yourself,’ said the old woman, ‘it won’t help you at all.’

    Early in the morning, Gretel had to go out and hang up the cauldron with the water, and light the fire. ‘We will bake first,’ said the old woman, ‘I have already heated the oven, and kneaded the dough.’ She pushed poor Gretel out to the oven, from which flames of fire were already darting. ‘Creep in,’ said the witch, ‘and see if it is properly heated, so that we can put the bread in.’ And once Gretel was inside, she intended to shut the oven and let her bake in it, and then she would eat her, too. But Gretel saw what she had in mind, and said: ‘I do not know how I am to do it; how do I get in?’ ‘Silly goose,’ said the old woman. ‘The door is big enough; just look, I can get in myself!’ and she crept up and thrust her head into the oven. Then Gretel gave her a push that drove her far into it, and shut the iron door, and fastened the bolt. Oh! then she began to howl quite horribly, but Gretel ran away and the godless witch was miserably burnt to death.

    Gretel, however, ran like lightning to Hansel, opened his little stable, and cried: ‘Hansel, we are saved! The old witch is dead!’ Then Hansel sprang like a bird from its cage when the door is opened. How they did rejoice and embrace each other, and dance about and kiss each other! And as they had no longer any need to fear her, they went into the witch’s house, and in every corner there stood chests full of pearls and jewels. ‘These are far better than pebbles!’ said Hansel, and thrust into his pockets whatever could be got in, and Gretel said: ‘I, too, will take something home with me,’ and filled her pinafore full. ‘But now we must be off,’ said Hansel, ‘that we may get out of the witch’s forest.’

    When they had walked for two hours, they came to a great stretch of water. ‘We cannot cross,’ said Hansel, ‘I see no foot-plank, and no bridge.’ ‘And there is also no ferry,’ answered Gretel, ‘but a white duck is swimming there: if I ask her, she will help us over.’ Then she cried:

    ‘Little duck, little duck, dost thou see,
    Hansel and Gretel are waiting for thee?
    There’s never a plank, or bridge in sight,
    Take us across on thy back so white.’

    The duck came to them, and Hansel seated himself on its back, and told his sister to sit by him. ‘No,’ replied Gretel, ‘that will be too heavy for the little duck; she shall take us across, one after the other.’ The good little duck did so, and when they were once safely across and had walked for a short time, the forest seemed to be more and more familiar to them, and at length they saw from afar their father’s house. Then they began to run, rushed into the parlour, and threw themselves round their father’s neck. The man had not known one happy hour since he had left the children in the forest; the woman, however, was dead. Gretel emptied her pinafore until pearls and precious stones ran about the room, and Hansel threw one handful after another out of his pocket to add to them. Then all anxiety was at an end, and they lived together in perfect happiness. My tale is done, there runs a mouse; whosoever catches it, may make himself a big fur cap out of it.

  • Fundevogel

    Fundevogel


    “The Fairy Tales” short story was written by the Brothers Grimm: There was once a forester who went into the forest to hunt, and as he entered it he heard a sound of screaming as if a little child were there. He followed the sound, and at last came to a high tree, and at the top of this a little child was sitting, for the mother had fallen asleep under the tree with the child, and a bird of prey had seen it in her arms, had flown down, snatched it away, and set it on the high tree.

    The forester climbed up, brought the child down, and thought to himself: ‘You will take him home with you, and bring him up with your Lina.’ He took it home, therefore, and the two children grew up together. And the one, which he had found on a tree was called Fundevogel, because a bird had carried it away. Fundevogel and Lina loved each other so dearly that when they did not see each other they were sad.

    Now the forester had an old cook, who one evening took two pails and began to fetch water, and did not go once only, but many times, out to the spring. Lina saw this and said, ‘Listen, old Sanna, why are you fetching so much water?’ ‘If you will never repeat it to anyone, I will tell you why.’ So Lina said, no, she would never repeat it to anyone, and then the cook said: ‘Early tomorrow morning, when the forester is out hunting, I will heat the water, and when it is boiling in the kettle, I will throw in Fundevogel, and will boil him in it.’

    Fundevogel
    Fundevogel – The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm (1916)

    Early next morning the forester got up and went out hunting, and when he was gone the children were still in bed. Then Lina said to Fundevogel: ‘If you will never leave me, I too will never leave you.’ Fundevogel said: ‘Neither now, nor ever will I leave you.’ Then said Lina: ‘Then will I tell you. Last night, old Sanna carried so many buckets of water into the house that I asked her why she was doing that, and she said that if I would promise not to tell anyone, and she said that early tomorrow morning when father was out hunting, she would set the kettle full of water, throw you into it and boil you; but we will get up quickly, dress ourselves, and go away together.’

    The two children therefore got up, dressed themselves quickly, and went away. When the water in the kettle was boiling, the cook went into the bedroom to fetch Fundevogel and throw him into it. But when she came in, and went to the beds, both the children were gone. Then she was terribly alarmed, and she said to herself: ‘What shall I say now when the forester comes home and sees that the children are gone? They must be followed instantly to get them back again.’

    Then the cook sent three servants after them, who were to run and overtake the children. The children, however, were sitting outside the forest, and when they saw from afar the three servants running, Lina said to Fundevogel: ‘Never leave me, and I will never leave you.’ Fundevogel said: ‘Neither now, nor ever.’ Then said Lina: ‘Do you become a rose-tree, and I the rose upon it.’ When the three servants came to the forest, nothing was there but a rose-tree and one rose on it, but the children were nowhere. Then said they: ‘There is nothing to be done here,’ and they went home and told the cook that they had seen nothing in the forest but a little rose-bush with one rose on it. Then the old cook scolded and said: ‘You simpletons, you should have cut the rose-bush in two, and have broken off the rose and brought it home with you; go, and do it at once.’ They had therefore to go out and look for the second time. The children, however, saw them coming from a distance. Then Lina said: ‘Fundevogel, never leave me, and I will never leave you.’ Fundevogel said: ‘Neither now; nor ever.’ Said Lina: ‘Then do you become a church, and I’ll be the chandelier in it.’ So when the three servants came, nothing was there but a church, with a chandelier in it. They said therefore to each other: ‘What can we do here, let us go home.’ When they got home, the cook asked if they had not found them; so they said no, they had found nothing but a church, and there was a chandelier in it. And the cook scolded them and said: ‘You fools! why did you not pull the church to pieces, and bring the chandelier home with you?’ And now the old cook herself got on her legs, and went with the three servants in pursuit of the children. The children, however, saw from afar that the three servants were coming, and the cook waddling after them. Then said Lina: ‘Fundevogel, never leave me, and I will never leave you.’ Then said Fundevogel: ‘Neither now, nor ever.’ Said Lina: ‘Be a fishpond, and I will be the duck upon it.’ The cook, however, came up to them, and when she saw the pond she lay down by it, and was about to drink it up. But the duck swam quickly to her, seized her head in its beak and drew her into the water, and there the old witch had to drown. Then the children went home together, and were heartily delighted, and if they have not died, they are living still.