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90 Famous Inspirational and Motivational Quotes by Albert Einstein
Famous Inspirational Quotes: Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed “The world’s most famous equation“. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “For his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect“, a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. Free Download in PDF; 399+ FAMOUS QUOTES BY ALBERT EINSTEIN!

Here are the Best Albert Einstein Quotes:

Einstein’s name has become synonymous with genius and creativity. Named Person of the Century by TIME in 1999, Einstein is a rare icon, whose wisdom extended far beyond the realm of science to reveal a man with an almost childlike sense of wonder and a profound love of humanity. Yet while Einstein clearly had a knack for science and mathematics from an early age, he did not excel at everything he put his mind to. He went to elementary school and later grammar school in Munich, where he felt alienated and stifled by the school’s rigid pedagogical approach. He was an average pupil and experienced speech challenges, which permanently influenced his view of education and human potential. Also, 50 Famous Motivational and Inspirational Quotes by Abraham Lincoln! 99+ Abraham Lincoln Quotes, free Download.

The following best Quotes below are:
1. Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius — and a lot of courage — to move in the opposite direction.
2. Imagination is more important than knowledge.
3. Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love.
4. I want to know God’s thoughts; the rest are details.
5. The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.
6. Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.
7. The only real valuable thing is intuition.
8. A person starts to live when he can live outside himself.
9. I am convinced that He (God) does not play dice.
10. God is subtle but he is not malicious.
11. The weakness of attitude becomes the weakness of character.
12. I never think of the future. It comes soon enough.
13. The eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility.
14. If people are good only because they fear punishment, and hope for reward, then we are a sorry lot indeed.
15. I always get by best with my naivety, which is 20 percent deliberate.
16. A happy man is too satisfied with the present to dwell too much on the future.
17. Nothing truly valuable arises from ambition or from a mere sense of duty; it stems rather from love and devotion toward men and toward objective things.
18. Three rules of work: Out of clutter find simplicity; From discord find harmony; In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
19. On the mysterious: It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science. He who knows it not and can no longer wonder, no longer feel amazement, is as good as dead, a snuffed-out candle.
20. I salute the man who is going through life always helpful, knowing no fear, and to whom aggressiveness and resentment are alien.
21. A calm and modest life brings more happiness than the pursuit of success combined with constant restlessness.
22. The only thing more dangerous than ignorance is arrogance.
23. Weak people revenge. Strong people forgive. Intelligent people ignore.
24. If you want your children to be intelligent, read them fairy tales. If you want them to be more intelligent, read them more fairy tales.
25. To see with one’s own eyes, to feel and judge without succumbing to the suggestive power of the fashion of the day, to be able to express what one has seen and felt in a trim sentence or even in a cunningly wrought word – is that not glorious? Is it not a proper subject for congratulation?
26. Most people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is the character.
27. The ideals which have lighted me on my way and time after time gave me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Truth, Goodness, and Beauty.
28. Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.
29. Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind.
30. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
31. Great spirits have often encountered violent opposition from weak minds.
32. Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.
33. Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.
34. Science is a wonderful thing if one does not have to earn one’s living at it.
35. The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.
36. The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.
37. God does not care about our mathematical difficulties. He integrates empirically.
38. The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.
39. Technological progress is like an AXE in the hands of a pathological criminal.
40. Peace cannot be kept by force. It can only be achieved by understanding.
41. The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.
42. We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.
43. Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school.
44. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
45. Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater.
46. Equations are more important to me because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity.
47. If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is playing; and z is keeping your mouth shut.
48. Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I am not sure about the universe.
49. As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain, as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.
50. Whoever undertakes to set himself up as a judge of Truth and Knowledge is shipwrecked by the laughter of the gods.
51. I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.
52. In order to form an immaculate member of a flock of sheep one must, above all, be a sheep.
53. The fear of death is the most unjustified of all fears, for there’s no risk of accident for someone who’s dead.
54. Too many of us look upon Americans as dollar chasers. This is a cruel libel, even if it is reiterated thoughtlessly by the Americans themselves.
55. Heroism on command, senseless violence, and all the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism — how passionately I hate them!
56. No, this trick won’t work…How on earth are you ever going to explain in terms of chemistry and physics so important a biological phenomenon as first love?
57. My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind.
58. Yes, we have to divide up our time like that, between our politics and our equations. But to me, our equations are far more important, for politics are only a matter of present concern. A mathematical equation stands forever.
59. The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking…the solution to this problem lies in the heart of mankind. If only I had known, I should have become a watchmaker.
60. Great spirits have always found violent opposition from mediocrities. The latter cannot understand it when a man does not thoughtlessly submit to hereditary prejudices but honestly and courageously uses his intelligence.
61. The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed.
62. A man’s ethical behavior should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death.
63. The further the spiritual evolution of mankind advances, the more certain it seems to me that the path to genuine religiosity does not lie through the fear of life, and the fear of death, and blind faith, but through striving after rational knowledge.
64. Now he has departed from this strange world a little ahead of me. That means nothing. People like us, who believe in physics, know that the distinction between past, present, and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.
65. You see, wire telegraph is a kind of a very, very long cat. You pull his tail in New York and his head is meowing in Los Angeles. Do you understand this? And radio operates exactly the same way: you send signals here, they receive them there. The only difference is that there is no cat.
66. One had to cram all this stuff into one’s mind for the examinations, whether one liked it or not. This coercion had such a deterring effect on me that, after I had passed the final examination, I found the consideration of any scientific problems distasteful to me for an entire year.
67. …one of the strongest motives that lead men to art and science is escaping from everyday life with its painful crudity and hopeless dreariness, from the fetters of one’s own ever-shifting desires. A finely tempered nature longs to escape from the personal life into the world of objective perception and thought.
68. He who joyfully marches to music rank and file has already earned my contempt. He has been given a large brain by mistake since for him the spinal cord would surely suffice. This disgrace to civilization should be done away with at once. Heroism at command, how violently I hate all this, how despicable and ignoble war is; I would rather be torn to shreds than be a part of so base an action. It is my conviction that killing under the cloak of war is nothing but an act of murder.
69. A human being is a part of a whole, called by us _universe_, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest… a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty.
70. Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts.
71. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.
72. Unthinking respect for authority is the greatest enemy of truth.
73. Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.
74. I am by heritage a Jew, by citizenship a Swiss, and by makeup a human being, and only a human being, without any special attachment to any state or national entity whatsoever.
75. Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds.
76. Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.
77. Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.
78. Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
79. All religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree.
80. Any intelligent fool can make things bigger and more complex… It takes a touch of genius – and a lot of courage to move in the opposite direction.
81. A man should look for what is, and not for what he thinks should be.
82. In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.
83. A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.
84. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.
85. A table, a chair, a bowl of fruit and a violin; what else does a man need to be happy?
86. A human being is part of a whole called by us the universe.
87. The important thing is to not stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
88. A question that sometimes drives me hazy: am I or are the others crazy?
89. Anger dwells only in the bosom of fools.
90. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving.
91. Concern for man and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations.
92. There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.
93. All that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual.
94. Once you stop learning, you start dying.
95. It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.
96. It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.
97. The only one who devotes himself to a cause with his whole strength and soul can be a true master. For this reason, mastery demands all of a person.
98. He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in AWE is as good as dead; his eyes are closed.
99. I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious.
100. Weak people revenge. Strong people forgive. Intelligent people ignore.
101. A ship is always safe the shore but that is not what it’s built for.
102. What is right is not always popular, and what is popular is not always right.
103. Education is not the learning of facts, it’s rather the training of the mind to think.
104. I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is the garbage man or the president of the university.
105. I am thankful for all of those who said NO to me. Its because of them I’m doing it myself.
106. Never give up on what you really want to do. The person with big dreams is more powerful than the one with all the facts.
107. Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.
90 Famous Inspirational and Motivational Quotes by Albert Einstein!
January 15, 2019
999+ Best Inspirational Quotes with PDF
What is the Inspirational? Top 39 Quotes for 2019; “Providing or showing creative or spiritual inspiration”. Inspiration is an unconscious burst of creativity in a literary, musical, or other artistic endeavors. The concept has origins in both Hellenism and Hebraism. The Greeks believed that inspiration or “enthusiasm” came from the muses, as well as the gods Apollo and Dionysus. Free Download in PDF: 999+ Best Inspirational Quotes Collection!

Around the World, many Quotes Inspired to people. Here are 999+ Best Inspirational Quotes!

Inspirational Quotes: 1) The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched – they must be felt with the heart, Helen Keller. Heart, Beautiful, Best, World, Things. 2) The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today, H. Jackson Brown, Jr. and 3) It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light, Aristotle.

The Following Top 39 Quotes below are:
1. Be careful what you water your dreams with. Water them with worry and fear and you will produce weeds that choke the life from your dream. Water them with optimism and solutions and you will cultivate success. Always be on the lookout for ways to nurture your dream. – Lao Tzu.
2. You get older and you learn there is one sentence, just four words long, and if you can say it to yourself it offers more comfort than almost any other. It goes like this: At least I tried. – Ann Brashares.
3. It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves. – William Shakespeare.
4. If you are not willing to risk the unusual, you will have to settle for the ordinary. – Jim Rohn.
5. Learn to say ‘no’ to the good so you can say ‘yes’ to the best. – John C. Maxwell.
6. Great things never came from comfort zones. – Neil Strauss.
7. I have the choice of being constantly active and happy or introspectively passive and sad. Or I can go mad by ricocheting in between. – Sylvia Plath.
8. When you have confidence, you can have a lot of fun. And when you have fun, you can do amazing things. – Joe Namath.
9. If you want something you never had, you have to do something you’ve never done. – Thomas Jefferson.
10. There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self. – Ernest Hemingway.
11. Your labor is your contribution to the miracle. – Elizabeth Gilbert.
12. We did not come to fear the future. We came here to shape it. – Barack Obama.
13. I found that every single successful person I’ve ever spoken to had a turning point and the turning point was where they made a clear, specific, unequivocal decision that they were not going to live like this anymore. Some people make that decision at 15 and some people make it at 50 and most never make it at all. – Brian Tracy.
14. A day wasted on others is not wasted on one’s self. – Charles Dickens.
15. I slept and I dreamed that life is all joy. I woke and I saw that life is all service. I served and I saw that service is the joy. – Kahlil Gibran.
16. When you are able to shift your inner awareness to how you can serve others, and when you make this the central focus of your life, you will then be in a position to know true miracles in your progress toward prosperity. – Wayne Dyer.
17. Practice kindness all day to everybody and you will realize you’re already in heaven now. – Jack Kerouac.
18. Love only grows by sharing. You can only have more for yourself by giving it away to others. – Brian Tracy.
19. Begin now to be what you will be hereafter. – Saint Jerome.
20. We have to do the best we are capable of. This is our sacred human responsibility. – Albert Einstein.
21. You have as much laughter as you have faith. – Martin Luther.
22. The brain is wider than the sky. – Emily Dickinson.
23. Two roads diverged in a wood, and I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. – Robert Frost.
24. A goal should scare you a little and excite you a lot. – Joe Vitale.
25. Listen, smile, agree, and then do whatever the fuck you were doing to do anyway. – Robert Downey Jr.
26. Magic is believing in yourself, if you can do that, you can make anything happen. – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
27. The world is full of magic things, patiently waiting for our senses to grow sharper. – W.B. Yeats.
28. Let us try to teach generosity and altruism because we are born selfish. Let us understand what our own selfish genes are up to, because we may then at least have the chance to upset their designs, something that no other species has ever aspired to do. – Richard Dawkins.
29. Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love. – Lao Tzu.
30. My religion is very simple. My religion is a Kindness. – Dalai Lama XIV.
31. Kindness is a source of relief to the soul of the giver, creating a sense of fortitude that is incomprehensible to those who do not know what kindness is all about. – Janvier Chouteu-Chando.
32. One who knows how to show and to accept kindness will be a friend better than any possession. – Sophocles.
33. Beginning today, treat everyone you meet as if they were going to be dead by midnight. Extend to them all the care, kindness and understanding you can muster, and do it with no thought of any reward. Your life will never be the same again. – Og Mandingo.
34. Learn to sell. Learn to build. If you can do both, you will be unstoppable. – Naval Ravikant.
35. There is no great genius without a mixture of madness. – Aristotle.
36. The greatest thing in the world is to know how to belong to oneself. – Michel de Montaigne.
37. Great things are not accomplished by those who yield to trends and fads and popular opinion. – Jack Kerouac.
38. Adversity reveals genius, prosperity conceals it. – Horace.
39. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. – Jack London.
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999+ Best Inspirational Quotes with PDF! Image credit from #Pixabay.
January 14, 2019
35 Famous Inspirational Quotes by Donald J. Trump!
Famous Quotes: Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens and received an economics degree from the Wharton School. He was appointed the president of his family’s real estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded it from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan. Free Download in PDF: 79+ Best Donald J. Trump Quotes!

Here is the Best Donald J. Trump Quotes:

The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started various side ventures, including licensing his name for real estate and consumer products. He managed the company until his 2017 inauguration. He co-authored several books, including The Art of the Deal. He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he produced and hosted The Apprentice, a reality television show, from 2003 to 2015. Forbes estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion. Below a few of his quotes on success. May these help you in your future endeavor’s to attain victory. Also, read best of Abraham Lincoln Quotes.

The following Quotes below are:
1. Get going. Move forward. Aim High. Plan a takeoff. Don’t just sit on the runway and hope someone will come along and push the airplane. It simply won’t happen. Change your attitude and gain some altitude. Believe me, you’ll love it up here.
2. Think Big and make it happen.
3. My whole life is about winning. I don’t lose often. I almost never lose.
4. Sometimes by losing a battle, you find a new way to win the war.
5. In the end, you’re measured not by how much you undertake but by what you finally accomplish.
6. Without passion, you don’t have energy, without energy you have nothing.
7. People love me. And you know what, I have been very successful. Everybody loves me.
8. It’s always good to be underestimated.
9. What separates the winners from the losers is how a person reacts to each new twist of fate.
10. When somebody challenges you, fight back. Be brutal, be tough.
11. I don’t like losers.
12. Experience taught me a few things. One is to listen to your gut, no matter how good something sounds on paper. The second is that you’re generally better off sticking with what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are the ones you don’t make.
13. I try to learn from the past, but I plan for the future by focusing exclusively on the present. That’s where the fun is.
14. If you’re interested in ‘balancing’ work and pleasure, stop trying to balance them. Instead, make your work more pleasurable.
15. I believe that I just have it from my father, from my parents. They had wonderful energy.
16. My father would always praise me. He always thought I was the smartest person.
17. If you love what you do, if you love going to the office if you really like it – not just say it, but really like it – it keeps you young and energized. I really love what I do.
18. Criticism is easier to take when you realize that the only people who aren’t criticized are those who don’t take risks.
19. Nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion.
20. Courage is not the absence of fear. Courage is the ability to act effectively, in spite of fear.
21. Remember, there’s no such thing as an unrealistic goal–just unrealistic time frames.
22. The point is that you can’t be too greedy.
23. A little more moderation would be good. Of course, my life hasn’t exactly been one of moderation.
24. Sometimes by losing a battle, you find a new way to win the war.
25. Part of being a winner is knowing when enough is enough. Sometimes you have to give up the fight and walk away, and move on to something that’s more productive.
26. I’m a bit of a P. T. Barnum. I make stars out of everyone.
27. Experience taught me a few things. One is to listen to your gut, no matter how good something sounds on paper. The second is that you’re generally better off sticking with what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are the ones you don’t make.
28. You have to think anyway, so why not think big?
29. Deals are my art form. Other people paint beautifully on canvas or write wonderful poetry. I like making deals, preferably big deals. That’s how I get my kicks.
30. Money was never a big motivation for me, except as a way to keep score. The real excitement is playing the game.
31. The harder I work, the luckier I get. When you have momentum going, play the momentum.
32. Rules are meant to be broken.
33. It is time to show the whole world that America is back – bigger and better and stronger than ever before.
34. As long as you are going to be thinking anyway, think big.
35. Show me someone without an ego, and I’ll show you a loser.
36. When you are wronged repeatedly, the worst thing you can do is continue taking it–fight back!
35 Famous Inspirational Quotes by Donald J. Trump!
January 14, 2019
50 Famous Motivational and Inspirational Quotes by Abraham Lincoln
50 Famous Quotes: He is the Greatest leader ever head. He speaks bravely, motivating, and inspiring to people. Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Free Download in PDF: 99+ Abraham Lincoln Quotes!

Here are 50 Famous Inspirational Quotes by Abraham Lincoln:

The following quotes below are:
1. My father taught me to work; he did not teach me to love it.
2. Common looking people are the best in the world: that is the reason the Lord makes so many of them.
3. How many legs does a dog have if you call the tail a leg? Four. Calling a tail a leg doesn’t make it a leg.
4. And in the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years.
5. My experience has taught me that a man who has no vices has damned few virtues.
6. Let not him who is houseless pull down the house of another, but let him work diligently and build one for himself, thus by example assuring that his own shall be safe from violence when built.
7. Will springs from the two elements of moral sense and self-interest.
8. My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.
9. The way for a young man to rise is to improve himself in every way he can, never suspecting that anybody wishes to hinder him.
10. I am a slow walker, but I never walk backward.
11. I will prepare and some day my chance will come.
12. I want it said of me by those who knew me best; that I always plucked a thistle and planted a flower where I thought a flower would grow.
13. I never had a policy; I have just tried to do my very best each and every day.
14. If there is anything that a man can do well, I say let him do it. Give him a chance.
15. You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.
16. Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.
17. I do not think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday.
18. Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
19. People are just as happy as they make up their minds to be.
20. Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.
21. With malice toward none, with charity for all.
22. That some should be rich, shows that others may become rich, and, hence, is just encouragement to industry and enterprise.
23. Always bear in mind, that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing.
24. Determine that the thing can and shall be done, and then we shall find the way.
25. I have noticed that folks are generally about as happy as they make up their minds to be.
26. I don’t think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday.
27. The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.
28. When I do good, I feel good. When I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion.
29. You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.
30. The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.
31. I don’t like the man. I must get to know him better.
32. Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves; and under a just God, can not long retain it.
33. Whatever you are a good one.
34. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing.
35. I am not bound to win, but I am bound to be true. I am not bound to succeed, but I am bound to live up to what light I have.
36. I like to see a man proud of the place in which he lives. I like to see a man live so that his place will be proud of him.
37. Whatever you are, be a good one.
38. Get books, sit yourself down anywhere, and go to reading them yourself.
39. All I have learned, I learned from books.
40. When I get ready to talk to people, I spend two-thirds of the time thinking about what they want to hear and One-Third thinking about what I want to say.
41. I would rather be a little nobody, then to be an evil somebody.
42. I will prepare and some day my chance will come.
43. You can tell the greatness of a man by what makes him angry.
44. Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be.
45. My concern is not whether God is on our side; my greatest concern is to be on God’s side, for God is always right.
46. Everybody likes a compliment.
47. I’m a success today because I had a friend who believed in me and I didn’t have the heart to let him down.
48. My best friend is a person who will give me a book I have not read.
49. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any one thing.
50. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.
50 Famous Motivational And Inspirational Quotes by Abraham Lincoln!
January 13, 2019
Personnel Management: Functions, Nature, Principles, and Importance!
Explain and learn, Personnel Management: Functions, Nature, Principles, and Importance!

Personnel Management (staffing function of Management), also known as Human Resource Management. The concept of Personnel Management study is – Functions of Personnel Management, Nature of Personnel Management, Principles of Personnel Management, and Importance of Personnel Management. Personnel management is concerned with the proper use of human factors. Personnel management may be defined as that part of the management process, which is primarily concerned with the human constituents of an organization. Also learned with PDF Reader, free Download, Personnel Management: Functions, Nature, Principles, and Importance!

Personnel management can also be defined as, that field of management which is concerned with the planning, organising, directing and controlling various operative functions of procurement, development, maintenance and utilisation of a labour force in such a way that objectives of company, those of personnel at all levels and those of community are achieved.

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Functions of Personnel Management:

Functions of Personnel Management are of two types: 1. Managerial Functions 2. Operative Functions!
1. Managerial Functions:
The Managerial functions of a personnel manager involve POSDCORB (Luther Gullick) i.e., Planning, organization, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting of those who actually perform the operative functions of the Personnel Department.

The following are the managerial functions (viz. planning, organizing, directing and controlling) performed by a personnel department:

Personnel Planning:

Planning lays down a pre-determined course to do something such as what to do, how to do, where to do, who is to do etc. A personnel manager plans in advance the trend in wages, labor market, union demands etc. Through planning, most of the future problems can be anticipated.

Organizing:

According to J.C. Massic, “An organization is a structure, a framework and a process by which a co-operative group of human being allocates its task among its members, identify relationships and integrates its activities towards common objectives.” The personnel manager has to design the structure of relationships among jobs, personnel, and physical factors so that the objectives of the enterprise are achieved.

Directing:

This function relates to guidance and stimulation of the subordinates at all levels. The personnel manager directs and motivates the employees of his department so that they work willingly and effectively for the achievement of organizational goals,

Controlling:

A personnel manager has to constantly watch whether there is any deviation from the planned path. Controlling is concerned with remedial actions. Continuous monitoring of the personnel policies relating to training, labor turnover, wage payments, interviewing new and separated employees etc., is the backbone of controlling.

If deviations are unavoidable, corrective action can be planned in advance. Controlling helps the personnel manager to evaluate the performance of employees in the personnel department so far as the operating functions are concerned.
1. Operative Functions:
The operative functions of the Personnel Department are also called service functions.

These include.

(a) Procurement function

(b) Development

(c) Promotion, transfer and termination function

(d) Compensation function

(e) Welfare function

(f) Collective bargaining function

(g) Miscellaneous functions.

These functions of the Personnel Department are discussed below:

(1) Procurement:

It includes:

(a) Recruitment i.e., tapping the possible sources from where prospective labor supply will come.

(b) Getting information regarding prevailing wage rates and job requirements.

(c) Selecting the best candidate by following a systematic selection procedure.

(d) Maintaining the records of employees.

(e) Introducing the new employee to the officers of the other departments such as Security Officer, Time Keeper, and Cashier etc.

(2) Training or Development Function:

The training of the new employees and also of those who are being promoted is the crucial function of Personnel Department. A training programme is devised for this purpose. The training increases the skills and abilities of the employees.

The various aspects of training are:

(a) Training to new employees, instructors, and supervisors.

(b) Training in safety equipment and various policies of companies.

(c) Training through improvement of education such as evening classes, films, Entertainment programmes etc.

(d) Encouraging employees to give suggestions.

(3) Promotion, Transfer, and Termination:

The performance of the employees is evaluated for the purpose of making decisions concerning the employment. Merit rating is undertaken for evaluation of the performance of the employees.

The functions of the Personnel Department in this regard are given below:

(a) To lay down a promotion policy.

(b) To formulate policies regarding transfer and termination.

(c) Analysis of voluntary separations and knowing the possible causes of such separations.

(4) Compensation:

The employees should get adequate and equitable remuneration for the work being done by them.

The functions of the Personnel Department concerned with fixation of fair wages is:

(a) To evaluate jobs and determine their worth in terms of money.

(b) To collaborate with those who formulate wage plans.

(c) To assist in the formulation of policies regarding pension plans, profit sharing programmes, non-monetary benefits, etc.

(d) To compare the wages of the enterprise with the industry and remove inconsistencies, if any.

(5) Welfare Activities:

These activities relate to the physical and social well-being of the employees and include:

(a) Provision of medical facilities such as first aid, dispensaries, etc.

(b) Suggesting ways and means by which accidents can be eliminated or minimized.

(c) To make provisions for restaurants and other recreational facilities.

(d) To apply the labor laws effectively.

(e) To publish a plant magazine.

(6) Collective Bargaining:

It includes:

(a) To assist in the negotiations which are held with the union leaders?

(b) To know the grievances of employees and following their problems properly.

(7) Miscellaneous:

(a) To advise the line managers regarding administration of personnel policies.

(b) To secure co-ordination of all personnel activities.

(c) To have an effective communication system.

(d) To provide good working conditions.

Nature of Personnel Management:
1. Personnel management includes the function of employment, development, and compensation- These functions are performed primarily by the personnel management in consultation with other departments.
2. Personnel management is an extension of general management. It is concerned with promoting and stimulating competent workforce to make their fullest contribution to the concern.
3. Personnel management exists to advise and assist the line managers in personnel matters. Therefore, personnel department is a staff department of an organization.
4. Personnel management lays emphasize on action rather than making lengthy schedules, plans, work methods. The problems and grievances of people at work can be solved more effectively through rationale personnel policies.
5. It is based on human orientation. It tries to help the workers to develop their potential fully to the concern.
6. It also motivates the employees through its effective incentive plans so that the employees provide fullest co-operation.
7. Personnel management deals with human resources of a concern. In the context of human resources, it manages both individuals as well as blue-collar workers.
Principles of Personnel Management:

Principles of personnel management help the personnel managers to conduct and direct the policies in a proper way.

These principles are:
1. The principle of Maximum Personnel Development:
By this principle, the workers are developed to the maximum extent, so that their developed ability, cleverness, productivity, and efficiency can be used for the firm’s objective.
1. The principle of Scientific Selection:
This principle enables to have a right person for the right job.
1. The principle of High Morale:
Ideal wage policy should be offered to the workers so that their morale becomes high and they work with interest.
1. The principle of Dignity of Labour:
The labor should feel proud of their work.
1. The principle of Team Spirit:
Team spirit must be developed among the workers. They should work collectively with collective responsibility and should have a sense of cooperation, unity and mutual trust.
1. The principle of Effective Communication:
There must be effective communication between the management and workers otherwise complex problems like mistrust, hatred and ill- will arise which in turn affects the production of the organization.
1. The principle of Joint Management:
This creates responsibility in the labor with increasing mutual faith and friendship. This improves the labor relations.
1. The principle of Fair Reward:
Labour should be given proper compensation for the work. This develops the industrial piece.
1. The principle of Effective Utilisation of Human Resources:
Personnel management should be developed for the effective use of the human resources. Proper training should be awarded to the personnel for their development.

Importance of Personnel Management:

Personnel management is important for avoiding the following consequences:
1. To hire the wrong person for the job
2. To experience high turnover
3. To find your people not doing their best
4. To waste time with useless interviews
5. To have some of one’s employees think their salaries are unfair and inequitable relative to others in the organization.
6. To allow a lack of training to undermine one’s department’s effectiveness.
7. To commit any unfair labor practices.
The acquisition of skilled, talented and motivated employees is an important part of personnel management. The acquisition phase involves recruiting, screening, selecting and placing personnel. Retaining competent individuals is also important to an organization. If qualified individuals regularly leave a company, it becomes necessary to continuously seek new personnel, which costs money and time.

The opposite of retention is, of course, termination, an unpleasant part of any manager’s job. Occasionally, some employees must be terminated for breaking rules, failing to perform adequately or job cutbacks.

Developing human resources involves training, educating, appraising and preparing personnel for present or future jobs. These activities are important for the material and psychological growth of employees. It is not possible to satisfy the need for personnel in an organization if it does not have an active employee development programme.

For utilizing the full potential of manpower, there is need to understand both individual and organizational needs. It is also necessary to match two things: availability of different types of manpower, over time and organizational needs for such manpower. Personnel management is normally regarded as a staff function whose role is to serve the organization and help it achieve its objectives.
June 16, 2018
Hiring Process and Hiring Decision: Meaning, Definition with Nature of Hiring!
Learn, Explain Recruitment & Selection – Hiring Process and Hiring Decision: Meaning, Definition with Nature of Hiring!

Hiring Process and Hiring Decision: Nature of Hiring, Regular, Temporary, full time, part time, Apprentice, Contractual, Outsourcing, Existing Post or New Post to be Created, Need Analysis, Job Analysis. Continue after Job Analysis: Meaning, Definition, and Purpose with Methods. For Study of Recruitment & Selection!

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1. Nature of Hiring.
  1. Regular.
  2. Temporary.
  3. Full Time.
  4. Part Time.
  5. Apprentice.
  6. Contractual: For example, a person is more likely to be considered an independent contractor than an employee in the following situations…
  7. Outsourcing.
2. Existing Post or New Post to be created.
3. Need Analysis: A need has been described as…
4. Cost Analysis.
5. Job Analysis.
Practical Component.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS.

REFERENCE BOOKS.

Hiring Process and Hiring Decision: Meaning, Definition with Nature of Hiring! PDF, PDF Reader Online or Maybe Free Download: Recruitment & Selection – Hiring Process and Hiring Decision!

Hire is defining: Obtain the temporary use of (something) for an agreed payment.

Meaning of Hiring: The act of giving someone a job; an employer taking on a new employee. “After several interviews, the CEO told me that he wanted to hire me for the management position and that I could start work next week.”

Definition of Hiring: The practice of finding, evaluating, and establishing a working relationship with future employees, interns, contractors or consultants.
May 23, 2018
Job Analysis: Meaning, Definition, and Purpose with Methods!
Learned, Recruitment & Selection – Job Analysis: Meaning, Definition, and Purpose with Methods!

Job Analysis: Meaning, definition, and purpose. Methods of job analysis: job analysis interviews, job analysis questionnaire, task analysis inventory, position analysis questionnaire, subject expert workshops, critical incident technique, F1eisclunann job analysis survey, functional job analysis, job element method, repertory grid, critical incident technique.

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1. Job Analysis: Meaning.
2. Job Analysis: Definition.
3. Purpose of Job Analysis: Broadly speaking in the context of HR selection, job analysis data are frequently used…
4. Methods of Job analysis:
  1. Job Analysis Interviews: In the Context of HR Selection, a job analysis interview is typically performed for one or more of the following reasons…
  2. Job Analysis Questionnaire.
  3. Task Analysis Inventory: Task inventory process…
  4. Position Analysis Questionnaire: Items on the PAQ are organized into six basic divisions or sections. These divisions and a definition are as follows… with Rating, scales are used in the PAQ for determining the extent to which the items are relevant to the job under study. Six different types of scales are used…
  5. Subject Expert Workshops: There is no one particular format for conducting the workshops. However, the following general steps seem to characterize most workshops…
  6. Critical Incident Technique: As the basic elements of information collected are job behaviors rather than personal traits, it is a work-oriented procedure…
  7. Fleishman Job Analysis Survey.
  8. Functional Job Analysis: Two types of task information are obtained from FJA… with when using FJA, judgments about jobs are based on at least two premises…
  9. Job Element Method.
  10. Repertory Grid: A Grid consists of four parts…
5. Practical Component.
6. RECOMMENDED BOOKS.
7. REFERENCE BOOKS.
Job Analysis: Meaning, Definition, and Purpose with Methods! all content study and learn in one PDF, PDF Reader online or maybe Free Download: Recruitment & Selection – Job Analysis!
May 23, 2018
The Strategic Human Resource Management Model!

Learn and Study, the Strategic Human Resource Management Model!

There are several components that makeup SHRM. Each of these blocks has underlying values and assumptions that, in principle, have already been described. What is the Strategic Human Resource Management Model? PDF, PDF Reader, and Free Download. However, there are also contentious debates on whether there is any well-grounded model on strategic human resource management based on a specific discipline. The major differences are areas of emphasis between business strategies as determinants of human resource strategies and hence aiming at ‘strategic fit’ on one side or a universal approach to making human resource functions responsive to strategic business requirements. Also learned, Guide to Theories in HRM! The Strategic Human Resource Management Model!

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The ‘universal approach’ or people as the resource for gaining a competitive advantage are based on the ‘resource-based theory’. This lack of clarity has led to a model that tries to capture important attributes of strategic human resource management model as depicted in Figure 1. The figure displays ten main tenets of strategic human resource management which characterize the philosophical nature of strategic people management and what managers and employees ought to put in place and do in order to excel in a competitive business environment. The description for each tenet is provided below.

Figure 1 Strategic human resource management model:

#Making strategic value choices:

Although the model suggests ten strategic variables of human resource management that have to be embodied in systems, practices, and competencies in order to guide employees as individuals and teams to higher level performance, managers have to focus on the most valuable aspects, depending on the organizational strategy. For example, an organization that emphasizes creativity and innovation will choose and reward employee behavior that demonstrates risk-taking initiatives. That is to say, each of the nine constituents of the model will have different aspects to deal with but managers will have to make decisions and choose systems, processes, programmes or activities with the most strategic value for the individuals, teams, and the organization.

#Strategic integration:

Since HRM is related to other organizational strategies, integration is not only desirable but also necessary to ensure that human resource management decisions are not made for their own sake. HRM policies and procedures need to be linked with an organization‘s strategy, its objectives, and its activities so that performance can be judged in terms of the degree of strategic fit between business strategies and human resource strategies. Also Free Download PDF File: The Strategic Human Resource Management Model!

#Employees as most valuable:

No organization can excel without having the right human resources. Experience suggests that human resources are a key factor in attaining a competitive advantage. It needs to be developed through nurturing, coaching, training, respect and love, care, and encouragement, which are key components of motivation packages. The degree to which the emphasis on staff development of both current and future performance requirements is taken into account depends on the position of the organization in its life cycle.

The premise that human resources are the most valuable of all resources also presupposes that human resource functions cannot be left to personnel departments alone. There is need to place this function to all functional departments with the human resource manager remaining a team leader. Optimal utilization of this asset requires that there should be a deployment of right numbers and skills at the right place at the right time. The old tradition where departmental managers struggled to build their own empires by recruiting and retaining staff no longer holds sway in strategic human resource management.

#Emphasis on management of support staff:

Along the same logic of valuing human resources, managers are challenged to support staff through various techniques so that the latter can have a sense of belonging, enjoyment from the job, gain confidence in the management, identify with the organization and feel that they own it. Informal interactions, open door policy, coaching and mentoring, attractive employee welfare schemes are some of the techniques used to support staff and make them feel proud of their work and the organization.

#Strengthening management and employee’s commitment:

Commitment at all levels of the organizational structure depends on the perceptions and attitudes of both the management and employees towards each other. Negative perceptions and attitudes are the sources of low morale and lack of interest in both the job and the organization. For example, if employees feel that management ignores them when the former attempts to exercise their rights, the level of commitment would be low. Similarly, if the management feels that the workers are lazy and too demanding, they are likely to lose commitment in supporting such staff. However, since in principle, strategic human resource management should be the responsibility of top management, any sign of low employee commitment is the result of poor handling of human resource management issues at the top management level.

Employee commitment can be secured through various techniques. Some are ritualized including organizational songs, slogans, attire or informal gatherings such as cocktail parties etc. Employee involvement in the affairs of the organization through the contribution of ideas, motivation through encouragement, recognition of the individual as well as group efforts in accomplishing tasks by rewarding appropriately make a difference in inducing commitment from staff.

#Effective communication:

Effective communication occurs when a message is received and understood in the same way as the sender intended it. It involves the careful organization of ideas, assessment of the right mode of transmission and the nature of the receiver. Studies have shown that most problems experienced in people management are due to poor communication. Strategic human resource management appreciates the role of communication as a critical tool in day-to-day human resource management. Open channels of communication that build trust and mutual understanding, helping employees to internalize the organization’s vision, mission statement, core values, policies, objectives, and activities are essential.

Frequent meetings with the top management, departmental and team meetings present the best opportunities for effective communication. Other channels include close interaction between staff and supervisors, billboards, brochures and instruction manuals. Informal communication is very useful in disseminating information if the danger of rumors and gossip is to be contained.

#Decentralisation for empowerment:

Strategic human resource management calls for a decentralization of decision making and problem-solving at the lowest levels possible in the organizational hierarchy. That is, allow decisions to be made at the very source of activity. Operational staff and teams are the public faces of the organization. Therefore they need power, authority, and motivation to take the right decisions at that level. Organisations with a human resource management culture cannot afford to embarrass themselves in front of a valued customer by failing to conclude business deals simply because a particular manager has to make a minor, unnecessary routine decision.

#Flexibility and adaptation:

The nature of today’s business’ success lies in the ability to promptly respond to the unpredictable and fast-changing environment. Flexible but robust rules and regulations, flatter organization structures, preference for a multi-skilled workforce, and use of convertible production technologies are some of the strategies used to improve an organization’s ability to cope with environmental pressure.

#Creativity and innovation:

SHRM calls for the management and employees to work together and come up with new ideas that can be put into practice so that new business opportunities can be created. With regards to employees’ management, creativity and innovation are required in areas such as pay schemes that are internally fair and externally competitive, job enrichment, enlargement, leadership, team building, retraining, and better employment arrangements.

#Obsession with quality:

In the language of total quality management, the customer is always right and quality is seen in the eyes of customers. In order to produce the best quality goods and provide the best quality services as perceived by the customer when compared to other producers or suppliers, the organization need staff orientated towards, and a motivation for excellence in quality products and services. Careful recruitment and selection of staff, appropriate training and development programmes, use of quality circles, and performance management systems that reward employees according to contribution are some of the strategies used to build and sustain a culture of quality.

The oval-shaped pictorial view of the model and the interaction between variables emphasize the fluidity, complexity and dynamic nature of the SHRM model. For example, effective communication will have a symbiotic multiplier effect on decentralization, employee commitment, creativity, integration etc. To use the language of cybernetics, the ‘whole’ is greater than the ‘sum’ of the variables. At the center of the model, we have organizational ability to implement each of the requisite strategies. This puts emphasis on the ‘doing’ rather than the ‘talking’ and therefore, it might be better to have a strategy of limited quality which is well implemented as opposed to having an excellent one which is almost impossible to implement.

May 20, 2018
How to Integrating Business Strategy with Human Resource Strategy?
Learn and Study, How to Integrating Business Strategy with Human Resource Strategy?

Strategy – is a plan or pattern that integrates an organization‘s major goals, policies, and action into a cohesive whole. Integrating Business Strategy with HR Strategy! PDF, PDF Reader, and Free Download. By drawing from strategic management literature, Bhatia (2007) looks at strategy in terms of a statement of the direction in which an organization wants to go and what it wants to become. Also Learned, Why Change to HRM? How to Integrating Business Strategy with Human Resource Strategy?

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However, human resources must shape this direction. Therefore, as organizations become strategic, the same strategic decisions on managing people become necessary. Strategic decisions are decisions that determine the overall direction of the organization. Fombrun et al. (1984) regard strategy as a process through which the basic mission and objectives of the organization are set, and the process through which the organization uses its resources to achieve its objectives. Other scholars relate the strategy to a competitive advantage.

For example, Miller (1989) defines strategy as encompassing those decisions and actions that concern the management of employees at all levels in the business and that are directed towards creating and sustaining a competitive advantage. Human strategies like production, financial, marketing and others should be integrated with business strategy in order to establish operational linkages. Although strategic integration between business strategy and human resource strategy is desirable, it has not been an easy task.

Indeed, American and British firms have experienced disjointed and at many times side-lined human resource strategies in the overall organizational management process. In assessing the utility of strategic fit to the performance of the organisation and the overall improvement of human resource management functions, Green et al. (2006) concludes that the organisations that vertically aligns and horizontally integrates human resource functions and practices, perform better and produce more committed and satisfied staff that is the case with the organisations which do the opposite. Vertical alignment refers to the alignment of human resource practices to the organizational context in order to support specific organizational objectives.

Characteristics of vertical alignment include:
- The top management incorporating human resource plans, requirements and activities during the establishment of the organization’s direction,
- Top level managers being trained to integrate all levels of the organization’s management hierarchy and functional departments into the organizational decision-making process and
- The human resource department is fully integrated into the strategic planning process.
Horizontal integration is the degree to which specific human resource practices are orchestrated in a coherent and consistent manner to support one another in the best way possible and to integrate with other departments.

The following are the characteristics of horizontal integration.
- The human resource department works hard to maintain the corporate partnership with individual managers,
- The human resource department regularly checks with other departments to identify organizational training needs and
- The human resource department supports departmental managers in carrying out critical human resource management functions as part of their core functions and activities.
Therefore, the corporate strategy should set the agenda for human resource strategy in the following key areas:

#Mission:

This concerns setting the future of the organization. What will the organization be like, serving which purposes and to what extent? This will provide some indicators on the quantity and quality of staff that will be required to effectively transform the functioning of the organization to that level. This will form the basis of the human resource mission.

#Organisational culture:

Organisational culture could mean different things to different people because it depends on individual interpretation. We do not see the world around us in the same way and hence our interpretations of reality are different. An organization’s culture develops itself over a long time. Handy (1993) describes an organization culture as deep-seated beliefs, values, norms, attitudes about the way work should be organized, the authority exercised, people be managed, the degree of informalisation, obedience by subordinates, punctuality, adherence to rules and regulations etc. This framework is useful guidance in the process of developing human resource policies, regulations, and procedures in order to avoid possible contradictions between the established organizational culture and people management at lower levels.

#Human resourcing:

The process of human resource acquisition will depend on business strategy. For example, if new production lines are to be installed in three years’ time, there is no doubt that new skills will be required. Plans have to be made including training and recruitment so that there is the qualified staff of the right size to manage the new production line. The same will apply to service provision whether in the private or public sector organizations.

#Commitment:

As we noted in the first chapter, commitment to the organization cannot start at the bottom of the ladder. Employees have to see, feel, and believe that the top management is committed to making the organization the best place for them to work. Business strategies have to indicate that top management commitment in order to create enabling environment for human resource management strategies. Also Free Download PDF File: How to Integrating Business Strategy with Human Resource Strategy?

#Productivity:

Productivity is an indicator of how best resources are utilized in the organization. Business strategy has to set out performance targets, standards, and measurements. This will form the basis for developing strategies for acquiring the right skills, numbers and performance management as well as reward systems.

#Employee relations:

The relationship between the employee and the management as well as the relationships between employees themselves also depends on business strategy. For example, if a business’s future is not promising, it will certainly affect working relationships. Strategies have to be developed in order to avoid grievance and disputes that could become very costly to the organization. Such strategies could include work-sharing arrangements, introducing work shifts, voluntary retirement, part-time job arrangements and similar action.
May 20, 2018
The Strategy and Strategic of Human Resource Management (HRM)!

Learn and Study, the Strategy and Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM)!

Strategic human resource management (SHRM) has attracted the attention of many scholars in human resource management, particularly those who shaped the development of the human resource management concept. The Strategy and Strategic of HRM! PDF, PDF Reader, and Free Download. Several definitions have been developed but they are not independent of ideas of general strategic management. Also learned, Critiques of HRM! The Strategy and Strategic of Human Resource Management (HRM)!

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For the purpose of raising and comparing issues covered in the areas of strategic human resource management, three definitions are offered below.

The first is from Harrison (1993: 36) who defines strategic human resource management as:

“An overall and coherent long-term planning and shorter-term management, control and monitoring of an organization‘s human resources so as to gain from them the maximum added value and best position them to achieve the organization’s corporate goals and mission.”

This definition is about decision making and the process involved in terms of putting decisions into action. The main focus here is on planning for human resources, putting management systems in place so that staffing functions maximize the use of people as required by the organization. In other words, strategic human resource management exists only if the future of the organization is set and human resource strategies are developed and used to realize the future through the present.

An aspect of short-term management control and monitoring is necessary for the realization of the mission and goals. Chaturvedi, in Karadjova-Stoer & Mujtaba (2009) considers strategic human resource management as ‘linking human resource with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop an organizational culture that fosters innovation and flexibility’.

This definition is derived from both resource dependency and strategic management theories within the environment where the success of the organization is based on the ability to develop the most robust business strategy, coupled with having the right people to pursue it. However, it is important to note here that the word ‘business’ also covers transactions for profit.

Therefore, the achievement of the desired future for the organization is seen in terms of the ability to manage employees as the only resource that can mobilize and manage other resources. Therefore, failure to make the right decisions about people management leads to failure of the future of the organization.

Walker (1992) is more interested in the means rather than the end of strategic human resource management. The author points to the need for linking such means with the strategic component of the organization, thus strategic human resource management is about the methods of aligning the management of human resource with the strategic content of the business.

The general understanding derived from this definition is that staffing functions (recruitment, selection, placement, appraisal, rewards etc), which are used as a means of managing people should be directly linked to the strategic choice of the organization. Such choice could be growth, survival, merger, closures, diversification etc. Bhatia (2007: xiii) supports the same conceptualization of linking organizational strategy with people management by defining SHRM as:

The overall direction the organization wishes to pursue in order to achieve its goal through people as a strategic resource for the achievement of competitive advantage.

From this perspective, the goal is to generate strategic capability by ensuring that the organization has talented, skilled, committed, and well-motivated staff.

From the above definitions and scope of strategic human resource management, it is tempting to suggest that as much as it is not possible to come up with a comprehensive definition of strategic human resource management that will not be too wordy and confusing, or too short to give a clear picture of the strategic issues involved, human resource management could also be defined as the process of managing the workforce such that the organisation achieves a sustained competitive advantage over others.

Here, market forces are the drivers for strategic decision-making processes and implementation of staffing functions. In this case, strategic human resource management is both a proactive and reactive management process that transcends organizational lifespan.

May 19, 2018