Tag: Effect

  • Mastering After Effects for Compelling Picture Edits

    Mastering After Effects for Compelling Picture Edits

    Unlock the potential of Adobe After Effects for picture edits! Discover how to enhance your images with advanced techniques, dynamic color grading, and unique visual effects, pushing the boundaries of creativity beyond traditional tools like Photoshop.

    Unleashing Dynamic Visions: Mastering After Effects for Compelling Picture Edits

    While Adobe Photoshop has long reigned supreme as the go-to software for still image manipulation, a powerful contender often lurks in the periphery: Adobe After Effects. Primarily known for its prowess in motion graphics and visual effects, After Effects offers a unique and compelling approach to after effects picture edits, extending creative possibilities beyond traditional static adjustments. This article delves into the world of using After Effects for picture editing, exploring its strengths, techniques, and why it deserves a place in the modern creative workflow.

    After Effects provides a sandbox of unparalleled creative control for professionals seeking to infuse dynamism, depth, and intricate detail into their photo edits. It’s not about replacing Photoshop entirely, but rather understanding its unique capabilities and leveraging them for specialized enhancements that elevate imagery to a new level.

    Why Choose After Effects for Picture Edits?

    While seemingly unconventional, using After Effects for picture edits unlocks several key advantages:

    • Non-Destructive Editing: Like Photoshop’s smart objects, After Effects works fundamentally on a non-destructive principle. Original image data remains untouched, allowing endless experimentation and revisions without compromising quality. This is particularly beneficial for complex edits involving multiple layers and effects.
    • Powerful Layer Management: After Effects excels in managing intricate compositions with numerous layers. This is crucial for detailed photo manipulations, allowing for precise control over individual elements and their interactions.
    • Advanced Masking and Tracking: Creating complex and precise masks is a breeze in After Effects. Its robust masking tools, coupled with sophisticated tracking capabilities. Allows for isolating specific areas of an image with unparalleled accuracy, opening doors to targeted adjustments and effect applications.
    • Integration of Motion and Animation: This is where After Effects truly shines. While the focus here is on static picture edits, the underlying engine is built for motion. This allows for subtle animations, parallax effects, and dynamic elements to be integrated into what appears to be a still image, adding a layer of depth and engagement.
    • Sophisticated Color Grading and Effects: After Effects boasts a vast library of built-in effects and the ability to incorporate third-party plugins, offering unparalleled control over color grading, light manipulation, and stylistic enhancements. This goes beyond basic adjustments, allowing for cinematic looks and unique visual signatures.
    • Automation and Expression-Driven Edits: After Effects allows for automating repetitive tasks and creating dynamic, responsive edits using expressions (JavaScript-based code). This can streamline workflows and introduce complex, data-driven visual changes.

    Key Techniques for After Effects Picture Edits

    Mastering picture edits in After Effects involves understanding its core functionalities and applying them creatively. Here are some essential techniques:

    1. Layering and Compositing: The foundation of After Effects relies on layers. Importing your image creates a layer, and subsequent adjustments, effects, and other images are added as new layers. This allows for building complex edits step-by-step, with each element independently controllable.

    2. Masking for Precision: Masks are crucial for isolating specific areas of an image. After Effects offers various mask types, including shape masks, pen tool masks, and roto-brush for complex selections. Refining mask edges with feathering and expansion allows for seamless blending.

    3. Keyframing for Dynamic Adjustments: While primarily used for animation, keyframing can be incredibly powerful for subtle, evolving picture edits. You can animate the parameters of effects, layer properties, and even mask shapes over time, creating nuanced visual changes.

    4. Leveraging Effects and Presets: After Effects comes packed with a multitude of effects. From basic color correction (like Levels, Curves, Hue/Saturation) to more advanced options like glow, sharpen, and stylize. Exploring these effects and utilizing presets can significantly speed up your workflow and inspire creative ideas.

    5. Tracking for Precise Application: Motion tracking allows you to attach effects, masks, or layers to specific moving elements within your image. This is invaluable for applying effects that follow a subject’s movement or stabilizing shaky footage used as a background element.

    6. Utilizing Adjustment Layers: Similar to Photoshop, adjustment layers in After Effects allow you to apply effects to multiple underlying layers without directly modifying them. This promotes non-destructive editing and enables global adjustments.

    7. Integrating 3D Elements: After Effects allows for the import and manipulation of 3D objects. Opening up possibilities for incorporating realistic or stylized 3D elements into your picture edits.

    A Comparison of After Effects and Photoshop for Picture Edits:

    FeatureAfter EffectsPhotoshop
    Primary FocusMotion Graphics, Visual Effects, CompositingPhoto Editing, Raster Graphics
    Layer HandlingPowerful, timeline-basedLayer-based with stacking order
    AnimationCore functionality, extensive keyframingLimited animation capabilities
    MaskingAdvanced masking and tracking toolsRobust masking tools, content-aware fill
    Color GradingExtensive built-in effects and plugin supportPowerful adjustment layers and filters
    Non-Destructive EditingInherently non-destructiveAchieved through Smart Objects and Adjustment Layers
    Text HandlingExcellent for animated titles and text effectsStrong typographic control
    3D IntegrationDirect import and manipulation of 3D objectsLimited 3D capabilities
    Learning CurveSteeperMore accessible for beginners

    Practical Applications of After Effects Picture Edits

    The power of After Effects for picture edits lies in its ability to achieve effects that are difficult or impossible in traditional photo editing software. Here are some examples:

    • Cinematic Color Grading: Achieve complex and dynamic color grades with nuanced shifts and visual moods that evolve subtly.
    • Adding Subtle Motion and Parallax: Introduce depth and visual interest by subtly animating layers, creating parallax effects that give a sense of 3D space.
    • Creative Compositing with Seamless Integration: Combine multiple images and elements with intricate masking and blending techniques for surreal or hyperrealistic compositions.
    • Dynamic Light and Shadow Effects: Create realistic or stylized light rays, volumetric lighting, and dynamic shadows that interact with the image elements.
    • Adding Stylized Grain and Textures: Introduce film grain, dust, scratches, or other textures that can be animated or subtly shifted over time.
    • Creating Animated Masks and Reveals: Use animated masks to reveal portions of an image, creating engaging transitions or highlighting specific elements.
    • Integrating Visual Effects: Add subtle visual effects like lens flares, light leaks, or animated distortions to enhance visual storytelling.

    Here’s a simplified workflow for performing picture edits in After Effects:

    1. Create a New Composition: Set the resolution and frame rate (even for static images, a short duration is useful).
    2. Import Your Image: Drag and drop your image into the project panel and then onto the timeline.
    3. Add Adjustment Layers: Apply color correction, lighting adjustments, or other global effects via adjustment layers.
    4. Create Masks: Use the shape tools or pen tool to isolate specific areas for targeted edits.
    5. Apply Effects: Explore the vast library of effects to enhance your image (e.g., Gaussian Blur for depth of field, Glow for highlights).
    6. Keyframe Parameters: If desired, animate effect parameters or layer properties for dynamic changes.
    7. Pre-compose Layers: Organize complex edits by pre-composing groups of layers.
    8. Render Your Final Image: Export your edited image in the desired format (JPEG, PNG, TIFF).

    Conclusion: Expanding Your Creative Toolkit

    While Photoshop remains the cornerstone of photo editing, embracing the capabilities of After Effects for after effects picture edits opens up a new dimension of creative possibilities. Its power in managing layers, creating intricate masks. Applying dynamic effects allows for achieving results that are simply not feasible in traditional photo editors.

    While the learning curve might be steeper, the potential for crafting truly unique and visually compelling imagery. Makes it a worthwhile investment for professionals seeking to push the boundaries of their creative expression. By understanding its strengths and mastering its techniques. You can seamlessly integrate After Effects into your workflow and unlock a world of dynamic and captivating picture edits.

  • CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy: How to be Know

    CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy: How to be Know

    CBD Oil is a Natural Solution for Seizures and Epilepsy. CBD oil is a blend of CBD and a carrier oil (e.g. olive, coconut, and other ingestible oils). CBD is a compound found in the cannabis plant that is one of the most common compounds found in cannabis. The other most common compound found in cannabis is THC, which causes the “high” you get when smoking or consuming cannabis. CBD does not cause the “feelings” associated with cannabis use and is not psychoactive.

    Why Should You Consider CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy: How to Know

    CBD oils that are marketed as “full-spectrum” or “broad-spectrum” contain other compounds. Depending on the manufacturer and quality of the oil, they may contain other cannabinoids or other terpenes. Some CBD oil producers will include CBD and/or a small amount of each of these compounds. What Are the Side Effects of CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy? more to know about CBDfx CBD oil. They believe that these compounds work in tandem to improve certain effects in the body through a process called the entourage effect.

    Seizures and Epilepsy

    What are Seizures? Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound found in cannabis that has been linked to seizures. Seizures are electrical events in the brain that happen at inappropriate times. Seizures can cause by underlying conditions such as epilepsy.

    Around 30% of people who suffer from epilepsy find it difficult to control their symptoms with traditional methods. These individuals may want to discuss using CBD for seizures with their doctor.

    There is some evidence that CBD may help reduce seizures in certain cases. However, research into the effects of cannabis on seizures is taking time. According to the Epilepsy Foundation, scientists have had difficulty expanding on this research because of the strict government regulations around cannabis.

    While CBD is still illegal in many states and countries around the world, the FDA has approved a Schedule V drug called Epidolex that contains CBD. Other CBD Oil products, including oils and edibles, are legal in the United States as long as they contain less than 0.3% THC.

    CBD has been reclassified in recent years, and more recent studies support the idea that CBD products may help treat certain types of epilepsy. In most of the studies involving CBD products, researchers did not have control over the dose or preparation of CBD, so more research need.

    CBD and Dravet Syndrome

    Some experts believe CBD may be especially helpful for two very rare forms of epilepsy:

    • Lennox Gastaut Syndrome and
    • Dravet Syndrome

    These syndromes usually develop in childhood, are resistant to treatment, and result in severe symptoms, such as seizures. Some doctors prescribed the FDA-approved Epidiolex CBD isolate to treat the seizures these rare forms cause.

    According to the FDA report, the consistency of the drug’s strength and consistent delivery can give a patient the peace of mind that they are receiving the correct dose. Since Epidiolex includes around 98% pure CBD, it is expected to have a better compatible effect compared to additional forms of CBD isolate and oil.

    People who use CBD and CBD oils for epilepsy and other concerns should consult with their doctor before using them.

    CBD and children

    CBD can be beneficial for children who have epilepsy and whose symptoms don’t respond well to traditional treatments. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved CBD for people over 2 years of age with seizures caused by the syndromes Lennox-gestalt and Dravet.

    CBD, either as monotherapy or as part of a herbal extract rich in CBD, has been shown to reduce the frequency of seizures in children who are resistant to treatment. However, other cannabis compounds have been shown to reduce seizures, but researchers believe that CBD alone is the only recognized compound with these effects.

    The long-term effectiveness of CBD may vary from child to child. A study published in CNS Drugs found that CBD was effective for about 4 years in about 27 percent of children with rheumatoid epilepsy. About 81 percent of participants experienced mild to moderate side effects, with about 23 percent experiencing severe side effects.

    How to use it?

    CBD oils are difficult to measure, so it is important to make sure the oil is pure. According to a study published in the NREJ, children, and adults with LGS who took 10 mg or 20 mg of CBD per kg of body weight daily in combination with their antiepileptic treatment had a greater reduction in drop seizures.

    The easiest way to get CBD oil into your body is to put it directly under your tongue. If you don’t like the taste of the oil, adding it to your glass of juice might help. However, if you are considering CBD for seizures and epilepsy, it is important to talk to your doctor about dosing as it is necessary to determine the minimum effective dose.

    Use CBD Oil for Seizures

    • It is important to work with your doctor when using CBD to treat your seizures. Your doctor will be able to tell you if CBD will interfere with any of your other medications.
    • Some people have reported more seizures after using CBD. Your doctor will help you track your seizure frequency and decide if CBD is the right choice for you.
    • The starting dose for Epidolex (CBD) is 2.5mg/kg twice daily.
    • After a week, you can increase the dose to 5mg/kg for two days.
    • Depending on your response and tolerance, you can increase it to 10mg/kg twice a day.
    • Do Not Stop Taking CBD Oil For Seizures Abruptly.

    CBD Oil Help Prevent Seizures

    • There is no definitive answer to the question, How does CBD benefit prevent seizures?
    • You have a system of endocannabinoid receptors in your body. These receptors help regulate your body’s functions like appetite, sleep, pain, and your immune system’s response.
    • CBD interacts with these receptors in your body to modify these functions.
    • Some animal studies suggest that CBD’s anti-seizure effects may come from reducing the excitability of neurons by interacting with two groups of receptors known as GPR55 or TRPV1.
    • CBD is currently approved as a prescription drug in the United States for the treatment of seizures caused by the rare genetic disorder of the tuberous sclerosis complex. The FDA has approved Epidolex for this condition.

    CBD Oil Work for Epilepsy

    They can use in a combination of ways. The most popular is an oral solution that contains 99% pure CBD, known as Epidiolex. This form of CBD delivers more CBD to the body than any other method of consumption. If you’re looking for a more natural way to experience CBD and its effects on your symptoms, you can try the following formats.

    • Sublingual Drops: The most popular form of CBD is the sublingual drops. These drops deliver through a dropper under your tongue, where they absorb through special membranes into your bloodstream. Studies have shown that sublingual drops deliver more CBD to the bloodstream than other forms of CBD.
    • Capsules: CBD capsules sale in a variety of forms, such as pills or soft gels. These capsules can swallow like any other pill, and offer a fixed dose in each serving. Unlike other forms of CBD, you don’t have to worry about any natural hemp taste or smell.
    • Vape Oil: Vape oils inhale via a vaporizer or vape pen. The act of inhalation is relaxing, and many people prefer vape oils to other products

    Are there specific CBD strains or products that recommend for seizures?

    A 2018 review of studies found that cannabis products high in CBD appear to be more effective than pure CBD at reducing seizure frequency. However, further investigation needs to verify this.

    A 2020 study found that patients using a commercial CBD product experienced a 70 percent rise in seizures. While those taking prescription CBD experienced a 39 percent decrease. This could be due to the higher levels of THC in commercial CBD products, which can trigger seizures.

    This investigation was small, with only 31 participants. But it highlights the significance of using high-quality CBD products that label perfectly.

    Epidiolex approves by the FDA, meaning it meets high manufacturing standards and comes in a consistent dose. However, since the FDA does not regulate commercial CBD products. There is a high chance that the information on the label is not what the product contains.

    Talk with your doctor

    If you are considering using CBD oil to treat your seizures, consult your doctor first. Your doctor will advise you on the best method to use CBD. As well as if it has potential interactions with other medications you are taking. Your doctor will also be able to track your progress to see. If you are experiencing a decrease in your seizure frequency.

    CBD is currently approved for the treatment of seizures in two rare types of epilepsy and the treatment of tuberculosis sclerosis complex. Early studies suggest that CBD may be effective in treating some other forms of epilepsy as well. Cannabis products may increase your seizure frequency in some cases. Confer your doctor before using any cannabis (CBD) products.

    Summary

    It looks like CBD might be a good option for people with epilepsy, but it’s not for everyone. It’s important to talk to your doctor about any potential interactions or other treatments. If you decide to use CBD, make sure to keep in touch with your doctor to keep track of the results and any side effects. As more research is done on CBD, it looks like there’s more evidence to back up the idea that it could help with seizures.

    CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy How to be Know Image
    CBD Oil for Seizures and Epilepsy: How to be Know; Photo by Kindel Media.
  • How Does the Rising Cost of Living Effect Education?

    How Does the Rising Cost of Living Effect Education?

    Rising Cost of Living Effect Education; Good education is important for everyone and can carve a path towards future success as well. That’s a statement most people agree with, but the rising cost of education is making it difficult for average students to continue their education. That’s why today we will look at the effect of the rising cost of living on education and what’s ahead as well. Courses such as Functional Skills online or online A levels may now be more affordable.

    Here is the article to explain, How to define the Rising Cost of Living!

    The rise in the cost of living and especially education has become a global phenomenon. Rising inflation has also made its way into the costs of education, and as a result, more and more people are finding it difficult to afford quality education for themselves or their children. This has also given rise to a shift away from formal learning as more and more people are tilting toward online college courses (That’s why a lot of courses have also become accessible online such as Functional Skills Online).

    If we look at the culprits behind the rising cost of education, some of the main factors include inflation and government funding cuts. On top of that, other factors which have contributed to this include security costs, tuition fees, new technologies, and even the modernization of the school buildings. Not to mention that the recent COVID-19 pandemic has also disturbed the public’s financial situation at large.

    Effects of Rising Inflation on Education;

    Let’s take a quick look at the effects of rising inflation on education:

     A shift from Formal Education;

    No doubt rising inflation and educational costs will mark a shift away from formal education. The costs of the building, utility costs, security, and other staff eventually increase the costs associated with formal education. As the cost of formal education rises, this shift away from formal education will only increase.

    Online Learning;

    As the public slowly shifts away from formal education; a new phenomenon that has started to spread its roots is online learning or distance learning. For starters, online education, online classes and online college courses (such as functional skills online) are not as expensive as opting for formal education.

    On top of that, students also get to save money on transport and other stuff associated with formal education. One of the top benefits of online learning is that it is flexible; and, students from all backgrounds can enjoy the same level of quality education at affordable rates.

    New Trends in Education;

    Rising costs of living have also made way for new trends to establish their roots in the educational sector. For starters, many formal educational institutes have started to introduce; their online learning programs – Not to mention that most of the A-level and IGCSE subjects can now be studied online and at a fraction of the costs of formal education.

    Going forward, experts believe that most of the education will move towards the online medium; In this shift, the use of new technologies and especially the internet will play a pivotal role as well.

    Final Words;

    Although rising inflation is making it difficult for students to pursue their education via the formal route; the emergence of new technologies and ways to learn (online learning) has started to substitute for the damage as well. That’s why we believe that education will become more affordable once the new technologies; and distance learning start to find their way all over the world.

    How Does the Rising Cost of Living Effect Education Image
    How Does the Rising Cost of Living Effect Education? Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay.
  • Positive and Negative impacts of Globalization on Economy

    Positive and Negative impacts of Globalization on Economy

    Positive, Good, Negative, and Bad impacts or effects of Globalization on Economy; Globalization makes business management easier and efficient for the company. Based on my research, Globalization simplifies business management in the world. This is due to the advancement in technology, transport, communication, education, and regulations of trade that makes trade fair to all parties. This attracts more people to engage in international business and international trade. Managers within the global face a lot of challenges due to high competition in the industry; good decisions must make to satisfy and maintain their customers and attract more customers for their products. 

    Here is the article to explain, What are the Positive, Good, Negative, and Bad impacts or effects of Globalization on Economy?

    Companies enjoy economies of scale in the business due to the reduction of cost in the management. This report explores a range of interlinking questions, starting with what is globalization, what are the impacts or effects of globalization in developing countries and developed countries, this is in terms of positive and negative impacts or effects on the economy. Globalization is something that affects all of us, no matter what our profession or interest is.

    Globalization is a very wide and very important focus of discussion. I spent time researching what it is and the effects it has in developed countries and developing countries. So in this report, I will define what globalization is and the effects according based on my research. Globalization despite having benefits to the world also has negative impacts or effects of it.

    The following Positive, Good, Negative, and Bad impacts or effects of Globalization on the Economy below are;

    Globalisation has brought benefits in developed countries as well as negative impacts or effects, while positive. The positive impacts or effects include several factors which are education, trade, technology, competition, investments and capital flows, employment, culture, and organization structure.

    Positive impacts or effects;

    It would be rather difficult to discuss the extent of the positives that globalization has had on the world at large. But still, here are some of the positive impacts or effects of globalisation and the negative impacts or effects they have had on so many demographic segments of society.

    Global market.

    Most successful emerging markets in developed countries are a result of the privatization of state-owned industries. For these industries to increase consumer demand many of them are attempting to expand and extend their value chain to an international level. The impact of globalization on business management see by the sudden increase in the number of transactions across the borders.

    In protecting yields and maintaining competitiveness, businesses are continuing to develop a wide range of their footprint as it lowers cost and enjoys economies of scale. Multinational corporations are a result of globalization. They occupy a central role within the process of globalization as evidenced through global foreign direct investment inflows.

    Their concentrations within Europe in western economies have led to size constraints, therefore there is a need for new geographical areas to operate whereby they will face a lot of competition in the market. Through this they will enlarge their market and enjoy economies of scale as globalization facilitates time-space compression, economies compete at all levels including that of attracting investors.

    Cross-cultural management.

    Globalization tends to be the realm of the elite because in many parts of the world they are the only people who are affluent enough to buy many of the products available in the global marketplace. Highly educated and wealthy people from different backgrounds interact within a westernized milieu. Western styles, since are symbols of affluence and power, the elite often embraces western styles of products and patterns of behavior to impress others.

    Today Western culture and patterns of behavior and language are staples of international business. United states have a powerful impact upon many other countries and societies. The world today has a popular cultural force. The popular consumer culture of the economically dominant West is relentlessly and inevitably transforming other regions, cultures, nations, and societies.

    In addition, such perspective implies that technological change, mass media, and consumer-oriented marketing campaigns work in tandem to remake whatever they touch in their image. Even attitudes and ideas about society, religion and, technology transformed by cultural diffusion brought by globalization. For example, in America McDonalds, represent fast, cheap,p and convenient food while it is not the same worldwide. It’s of high price in other countries like China and Russia where it involves cultural experience.

    Foreign trade.

    Globalization has created and expanded foreign trade in the world. Things that were only found in developed countries can now be found in other countries across the world. People can now get whatever they want and from any country. Through this developed countries can export their goods to other countries. Countries do business through international trade, whereby they import and export goods across the globe. These countries that export goods get comparative advantages.

    Organizations have been established to control and regulate the trade activities of the countries in the world to have fair trade. World trade organizations emerged a powerful international or organizations able to effectively influence individual governments to follow international trade rules, copyrights, policies on subsidies, taxes, and tariffs. Nations can not break rules without facing economic consequences. The number of nations that are dependent on trade, foreign capital, and the world financial markets increased greatly.

    Countries engaged in foreign trade enjoy a comparative advantage. The post-Recardianan trade theories predicted that specialization in labor and capital-intensive goods would bridge enormous wage gaps between the poor and the rich countries, that is the developing and developed countries, sparing the latter from massive labor immigration.

    Resource Imperative.

    Developed countries need the natural and human resources of the developing countries while developing countries need the capital, techno, logy, and brainpower of the wealthier countries. Developed countries’ economies are increasingly dependent on the natural and human resources of developing nations. The growing interdependence of nations and their activities on one another fosters by the depletion of natural resources; as well as overpopulation.

    Foreign investment.

    One of the most visible positive impacts or effects of globalization in India is the flow of foreign capital. A lot of companies have directly invested in India, by starting production units in India, but what we also need to see is the amount of Foreign Investment Inflow that flows into the developing countries. Indian companies which have been performing well, both in India and off the shores, will attract a lot of foreign investment, and thus pushes up the reserve of foreign exchange available in India.

    This is also one of the positive impacts or effects of globalization in the US and other developed countries as developing countries give them a good investment proposition. Managers’ objectives might not be the same as those of stockholders in some situations. The more complex the corporation the more difficult it is for shareholders to monitor management’s actions whereby it provides the managers more freedom to act in their self-interest at the expense of shareholders.

    Multinational firms are more complex than national firms. Managers might favor international diversification because it reduces firm-specific risk or adds to their prestige. These goals might be of little interest to shareholders. This divergence of interests between shareholders and managers might reduce the value of multinationals relative to domestic firms.

    Competition.

    One of the most visible positive impacts or effects of globalization is the improved quality of products due to global competition. Customer service and the ‘customer is the king’ approaches to production have led to improved quality of products and services. As domestic companies have to fight out foreign competition; they compel to raise their standards and customer satisfaction levels to survive in the market. Besides, when a global brand enters a new country, it comes in riding on some goodwill, which it has to live up to. This creates competition in the market and a survival of the fittest situation.

    Culture.

    The positive impacts or effects of globalization on culture are many! Not all good practices were born in one civilization. The world that we live in today is a result of several cultures coming together. People of one culture, if receptive, tend to see the flaws in their culture and pick up the culture which is more correct or in tune with the times.

    Societies have become larger as they have welcomed people of other civilizations and backgrounds and created a whole new culture of their own. Cooking styles, languages, and customs have spread all due to globalization. The same can say about movies, musical styles, and other art forms. They too have moved from one country to another, leaving an impression on a culture that has adopted them.

    Legal Effects.

    Increased media coverage draws the attention of the world to human rights violations. This leads to improvement in human rights. Global economic growth does not necessarily make people happier, worldwide free trade should also benefit humanity as well as protect nature, not just reward managers and stockholders. Those who would be authentic leaders need to address inequalities.

    Globalization should promote openness and information along with exchange with greater democracy and prosperity. Gone are the days where the limited jurisdiction became a hindrance in the prosecution of criminals. These days due to international courts of justice, these criminals can no longer seek asylum in a foreign country but will be brought forward and there will be justice.

    Due to globalization, there is also an understanding between the security agencies and the police of two or more different countries who will come together to curb global terrorism. Hence, it is now possible to catch the perpetrators of crime irrespective of which country they choose to hide in. This is undoubtedly one of the greatest positive, good, negative, and bad impacts or effects of globalization on society or the economy.

    Negative impacts or effects;

    Globalization also has its side effects on developed nations. These include some factors which are jobs insecurity, fluctuation in prices, terrorism, fluctuation in currency, capital flows, and so on.

    Jobs Insecurity.

    In developed countries, people have jobs insecurity. People are losing their jobs. Developed nations have outsourced manufacturing and white-collar jobs. That means fewer jobs for their people. This is because the manufacturing work is outsourced to countries; where the costs of manufacturing goods and wages are lower than in their countries. They have outsourced to developing countries like China and India.

    Most people like accountants, programmers, editors,s, and scientists have lost jobs due to outsourcing to cheaper locations like India. Globalization has led to the exploitation of labor. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. “In practice, however, the recent experience in Latin America has been that many such open-handed multinationals moved their operations too; for example, China or South East Asia because of cost and market considerations”.

    Fluctuation in Prices.

    Globalization has led to a fluctuation in price. Due to the increase in competition, developed countries are forced to lower down; their prices for their products, this is because other countries like China produce goods at a lower cost; making goods to be cheaper than the ones produced in developed countries. So, for the developed countries to maintain their customers they are, forced to reduce the prices of their goods. This is a disadvantage to them because it reduces the ability to sustain social welfare in their countries.

    Positive Good Negative and Bad impacts or effects of Globalization on Economy Image
    Positive, Good, Negative, and Bad impacts or effects of Globalization on Economy; Image by Fathromi Ramdlon from Pixabay.

    References; Positive and Negative effects of Globalization. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/positive-and-negative-effects-of-globalisation-for-business-economics-essay.php?vref=1

  • Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Market

    Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Market

    Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Meaning, Definition, Strengths, Weaknesses, Benefits, Challenges, Market in Medicine Healthcare; Given the fast pace of life, people no longer want to spend time on hospital registrations, procedures, and other trifles. The Internet of Medical Things can help it implement the Internet in the medical staff, patients can make appointments online; personal information and the first description of the disease can be sent to the hospital information system and appointed by the doctor; which reduces the waiting time and registration personal data. For people who live far from medical resources; remote medical care can be a great option to keep someone away from the distant conundrum. The internet can also be useful in hospitals; sending physical examination messages from doctors to specialists for patients with traffic disabilities. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can be very useful in our life and we need it.

    Here is the article to explain; Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Meaning, Definition, Strengths, Weaknesses, Advantages, Benefits, Challenges, Market in Medicine Healthcare;

    Information technology is central to the development of the Internet; and, the use of the Internet has also accelerated the development of the information industry. About half a century ago, the Internet for sending and receiving messages for military purposes appeared. After a few decades, the Internet can use by normal people in their lives, mainly to exchange information. When sensors become perfect, data science theory is more complete than ever, hardware humanize and economical; people can apply those things to what they really need, like the Internet of Things (IoT). Internet base on information technology, data acquisition can be done by sensors; and, data analysis control by programs generated by data science theory. People need the Internet of Medical Things examples, which is why it is growing rapidly.

    Meaning and Definition of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT);

    What is IoMT (Internet of Medical Things)? It is the practical application of IoT devices combined with MedTech tools in healthcare. With the ability to connect medical devices using network technology, healthcare professionals can monitor critical patient biometric data in real-time. This has several advantages, some of which are not obvious. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) intends to implement the Internet in the medical industry; also applies to new Internet applications in health care; including the Internet as a carrier and technical means of health education, electronic medical records, requests for medical information, examples, disease risk assessment, online question and answer also Diseases, Electronic Prescription, Remote Counseling, Remote Medicine and Rehabilitation.

    They can act as a butler for health, people can ask for something from the butler; communication between humans and machines; One machine can send something, usually data, to another machine; and, the other machine can respond to the communication between the machines. With IT increasing at an unprecedented pace, all types of industries have changed dramatically. The medical industry is one of the most influential industries.

    The Internet of Medical Things can use in many ways:

    health information requests, electronic medical records, electronic prescriptions, remote care and rehabilitation, and more. Once the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) fully establishes, patients won’t be spending a lot of time waiting for registration, taking pills, queuing for physical exams, being referred to other specialists, and more. Doctors can monitor the patient’s recovery situation via remote sensors, physical data can be sent back; and, doctors can adjust recovery plans based on the results of data analysis. And the patient does not need to go to the hospital for a physical examination again before the correction.

    What are the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and its effects?

    One of the main benefits of IoT in healthcare is advances in medical instruments; and, data collection to improve patient care and data delivery. This type of medical advancement knows as the Medical Internet of Things or IoMT examples. It is a networked medical framework consisting of software applications, medical devices, and healthcare services and systems. IoT sensor networks can collect, consolidate, analyze and transmit health data to make healthcare delivery easier and faster.

    Imagine an emergency medical situation where we don’t have this type of medical technology. How do patients get an MRI, get continuous glucose and blood pressure monitoring, and disseminate health information? The goal of IoMT is to reduce treatment costs, increase efficiency; and, deliver better outcomes for patients in the healthcare system. And as wireless capabilities and cloud computing performance increase; the healthcare industry is harnessing the potential of the Internet of Things technology for medical things through IoT devices examples.

    How does IoMT affect healthcare providers, patients, and the industry itself?

    For patients and medical professionals, these IoT devices will transform healthcare. They play an important role in monitoring, preventing, and supporting chronic disease – as the future of healthcare evolves. And with the emergence of IoT technology in many industries; IoMT differentiates itself from the technology ecosystem with a variety of sensor-based tools; such, as portable external medical devices for remote patient monitoring.

    According to a Deloitte report, the rise of IoMT is due to its ability to generate, collect, analyze, and transfer; health data or images to internal servers or cloud storage. In essence, this connection between IoT devices and digital transformation simplifies medical workflow management; and, leads to general advances in inpatient care in hospitals and remote locations. Its accuracy and lower healthcare costs have proven informative; and, attractive for healthcare professionals to track disease and prevent chronic diseases; that can be vital in life or death situations.

    IoMT (internet of medical things) benefits, advantages, and challenges with examples;

    Before we dive into the current IoT trends in healthcare; let’s take a look at what these modern medical systems can bring and what challenges can arise in the process. That everything has advantages and disadvantages is not new to us; but, we see it as an opportunity for further research and tactical strategy. Think smart healthcare and smart hospitals. Continuous technological developments have given us the vision to increase the amount of data; wearables that enable greater collaboration between doctors and patients to ensure health; high-precision data that enables informed solutions, and connected IoMT devices so that information can access and share.

    There are two areas or aspects where IoMT is very useful; one of which assists living solutions and chronic disease monitoring. These IoT devices can monitor patients and their activities from anywhere; then direct them to doctors or healthcare professionals for better outcomes for patients as well as treating more vulnerable groups. There is no denying that IoMT is not without its shortcomings when it comes to functionality; and, these challenges relate to technical, ethical, and legal aspects. And while we can’t meet these challenges, it’s time we can have more advanced and transformative IoMT applications.

    Their challenges;

    IoMT Healthcare solutions cannot consider for implementation without considering the following challenges:

    • Data overload and complex application accuracy.
    • Security, confidentiality, and security of data collected from patients and healthcare professionals.
    • A digital health infrastructure that combines data from multiple sources.
    • Data ownership of information generated and collected between a limited number of countries or devices.

    Life before IoMT in healthcare;

    According to the World Health Organization’s Traditional Medicine Strategy; traditional medicine is the basis of health care or will serve as a complement until at least 2023; meaning traditional medicine has been an important part of health care for thousands of years; and, will remain the same, until 2023. No matter how much medical technology has changed, the processes people use will remain the same.

    The patient must go to the hospital and seek medical help. The doctor has to use a special method to check what’s going on in the patient; and, then administer therapy to the patient, maybe some pills and maybe some recovery training; and, the doctor may not be able to choose this point; so, the doctor turns the Doctor to another specialist to ask assistance; which means these patients have to wait a long time to understand what illness they have.

    Communication between patient and doctor, doctor and doctor can be difficult to send and receive through traditional healthcare. Most of the time people split up to find something instead of finding an immediate; and, adequate solution after an effective search. But humans cannot avoid this until a new kind of information transformation emerges.

    IoMT development in healthcare;

    The rapid development of medical network activities has also become a hot spot for computer network technology used in medical applications. The development of network medical services can be further subdivided into online health advice; online remote advice, and online inquiries at three levels, depending on the type of classification. The first level is providing online health advice, providing medical and health advice and medical information services; answering questions such as seeking medical help, and promoting knowledge about health and disease prevention and treatment.

    The second level is online remote counseling; which provides remote counseling, remote diagnosis, remote clinical counseling, imaging counseling, difficult case discussion, ECG counseling and monitoring, preoperative referral and emergency care, and other functions. The third level of online demand dedicate to the traditional part of the outpatient internet function; so, that patients can get medical diagnoses and advice via the internet to create green access channels.

    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices with examples in healthcare;

    Network medicine, but can also describe as the era of network telemedicine. Mainly through telephone networks and cable television networks since the 1960s; including text images and videos, including all kinds of information for doctors to exchange information or expert advice to assistants in case of a diagnosis. In its development, telemedicine uses several new communication and electronic technologies; such as fax, telephone, radio communication for still images and interactive real-time television technology; as well as virtual reality and remote robots and combined with health technology.

    The United States is one of the countries that has made advances in telemedicine; and, the earliest developed telemedicine systems use to perform non-invasive surveillance of astronauts and first aid to the sick and injured. Since then, medical institutions began to carry out telemedicine and gradually carried out remote consultation, remote consultation, remote transmission medical imagery, remote control operation, and other projects. Other countries such as Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and other countries in the development of telemedicine also attach great importance to investing large amounts of research and development in the field of telemedicine information technology.

    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Strengths with their examples;

    Portability;

    With the help of the internet, all forms of records can transfer vis seconds. This information may be electronic scientific facts, physical test outcomes, electronic prescriptions, diagnostic reports, scientific reference invitations, private everyday health facts, etc. The affected person could make a registration at home thru an internet healthcare carrier to make an appointment with a health practitioner without watching for that lengthy; the physician can send the prescription to the medicine branch without a paper prescription taking through a nurse;

    Automated tomography will no longer need an affected person or nurse to attend and select up however could digitalize and despatch to physician’s laptop right now with a preliminary scientific diagnosis document; patient can get their medicinal drug after leaving the physician’s workplace due to the fact the medical doctor may additionally have already despatched the prescription to medicine department and nurse have already taken capsules again.

    Portability part 01;

    Wearable detection gadgets may be small and portable. Many groups have released fitness management programs on a clever cellphone. PICOOK is well-known for its body fat scales that could measure weight and body fat through statistical numbers and report your body fat indicator, how a good deal you exceed, visceral fat index, how many calories are burnt thru basically metabolized, bone mass thru its own App. OMRON from Japan is an international-famous automation control and electronic gadget producer. Almost every family has a Blood Pressure Monitor from OMRON if there’s a hypertensive patient in this family.

    People can test how many steps they take each day to be a hard health assessment index through programs at the mobile telephone or smartwatch, or connect them; so that customers can study the historical facts and make a curve to check their health plan.

    Large Industry & Room for Growth;

    The arrival of community health care is sure to sell the improvement of all walks of existence. The related clinical device could progress loads. A few years ago, a mercury sphygmomanometer is what everybody needs to examine blood strain, no matter in a hospital or a clinic. With the help of a stethoscope, the physician can tell human beings a hard wide variety of diastolic blood strain and systolic blood pressure. However, the essence of the mercury sphygmomanometer is a strain gauge. Therefore, what it offers isn’t always the correct price. What’s greater, a mercury sphygmomanometer must paintings with a stethoscope, which means that inconvenience. As a result, what people want promotes scientific device improvement.

    Due to the need for portability and accuracy, a digital sphygmomanometer has come. An electronic sphygmomanometer can provide a tremendously distinct fee of diastolic blood stress and systolic blood stress; and, a few merchandise of blood pressure dimensions may connect with a phone or a computer; all records from this sphygmomanometer can despatch to this tool. Corresponding applications will help people analyze facts; and, inform you why you can see a changed result of your blood stress. If the person has some questions about the result, he/she can contact a specialist via the App. If the specialist tells that there may be something wrong and the consumer needs a complicated physical check; the person will receive a caution and might make an appointment thru the App with a specific health practitioner.

    More things;

    Internet packages are to be had for human beings to use. Ali cloud gives services for medical photograph diagnoses. Once the medical picture you have got uploaded to the cloud; the cloud will help you technique the first actual take a look at. Although this system can best guarantee 95% accuracy as a minimum; this primary technique can help increase scientific efficiency by using more than one doctor’s diagnosis concurrently. And, Ali has tried its quality to accumulate records analysis related experts thru many methods; high earnings to draw talents, retaining famous Tianchi Competition (inclusive of Repeat Buyers Prediction-Challenge the Baseline, Precise Positioning of User’s store with superior algorithms, Microblogging prediction contest, etc.). Not best Ali but internet headers like Google, IBM, Facebook all paintings tough wishing to steer the world net improvement.

    Cloud computing needs to know as the most up-to-date enterprise in recent years. Everyone who knows a way to work with the cloud can get a pleasing process after commencement. Therefore, cloud maintainers, cloud architects, cloud huge records experts, cloud facts integration professionals, and anything associated with the cloud could be hot positions and more and more humans like this may wish.

    Many Applications;

    The very original reason for the Internet of Medical Things examples is for the ease of human beings’ lives, to resolve meaningless affairs through digitalizing the whole thing on paper, and to use large facts in the clinical enterprise.

    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can handy humans’ lifestyles by using achieving a part of outpatient features through the internet. The affected person can make an appointment thru an online carrier by way of finishing registration at the health facility website. If the affected person desires any other doctor, this affected person can visit the brand new health practitioner without a reference or make an appointment again due to the fact these items may execute thru electronic mail by the electronic medical gadget.

    The patient won’t want paper facts anymore; any doctor who has checked the affected person can use the internet to have electronic information of the same affected person; therefore, affected person and medical doctor received want to worry approximately losing records, and any doctor can evaluate the complete disorder records at any time with the permission of the affected person, and the affected person can ask for different doctor’s help with the primary health practitioner’s diagnose result as a reference.

    Applications part 01;

    Applying massive statistics inside the clinical enterprise is one of the finest achievements of IoMT. Through records mining, we can reap deeper cognition of the purpose of why an ailment happens to someone. The famous human genome venture can use facts mining to stumble on the secrets and techniques of the gene. For example, through the usage of affiliation policies, researchers can realize the potential relationship among genes of disease. After the take a look at the affected person with Alzheimer’s disorder, scientists can realize there is a potential causal relationship amongst a chain of genes.

    For instance, while sufferers with Alzheimer’s disease all have gene A, gene B, gene C, and gene D. Gene A, B, C, D have the following characters: if A exists, B needs to exist; if B exists, C should exist; if C exits, D should go out. We may also the following bet: A is the motive why B, C, D exist. And if all sufferers with this sickness have A, B, C, D genes present in their gene, and those that don’t have this disease don’t have any of them, and, people with one of them, of them, three of them don’t have the sickness, we may additionally wager that the life of gene A, B, C, D collectively may additionally lead Alzheimer’s disorder.

    Applications part 02;

    What we get from statistics mining can not tell us something for certain; but, a few distinctive guesses and researchers can keep studying genes with such guesses as reference or route. When human beings recognize the relationships amongst a few genes for certain; they will flip to examine medicinal drugs that could prevent the very first gene to explicit, like A; so that B, C, D won’t appear and numbers of sufferers with Alzheimer’s disorder might lower. And Scientists also can parent out some remedies to prevent the expression of pathogenic genes like A, B, C, D; this means that even people have all of the pathogenic genes; but, those genes don’t express, therefore, the patient would not have the disease.

    Applications part 03;

    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can nonetheless help patients clear up remote fitness care issues. If a patient has a sickness, he has to visit the health facility to have therapy. The doctor will test the patient and provide him/her with a few instructions and therapy in line with the result of diagnosing, and with the patient is getting better, the physician may additionally need to alter the remedy. Therefore, in conventional healthcare, the patient needs to go to have a test so that the physician can regulate remedy.

    If the affected person lives in a faraway location from the health facility, this patient will spend an awful lot of extra time on the road. With the help of the Internet of Medical Things, the body takes a look at can complete by way of advanced sensors and another portable medical system, and the patient can send statistics to the medical doctor ways far away from itself or even no longer want to try this due to the fact the medical doctor can get entry to the patient’s health facts database that links to every medical equipment with data.

    Large Customer Base;

    With the Internet of Medical Things, people gained experience hard going to see a physician. Excluding being virtually seriously injured, the general public could make minors injure themselves in step with directions of online seek. Minor illness won’t be a time-costing problem, drugs without prescription may discover online and inside the supermarket, special directions can receive through far-flung remedies. Above conveniences might welcome by way of most people. For the affected person, they will use the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) more because they need to understand better medical doctors, more advanced clinical sources, less complicated ways to cure the disease, a lower bill from healthcare, and greater insured remedy.

    They’ll use the Internet of Medical Things greater due to the fact there are quite a few referenced cases to examine, more records to use, less difficult to schedule with patients, faster to change facts, more facts on the report to analyze and obtain therapy, more probabilities to assist extra human beings. For students, they will use the Internet of Medical Things extra due to the fact there are a whole lot of learning resources to have healthcare training, more ways to understand the scientific things around the sector, extra probabilities to serve in the clinical industry.

    New Job for Experts in Medical Industry;

    The development of they would create new positions. With the Internet of Medical Things, the range of outpatient docs will decrease, at the same time as unique records analysis professionals may be increasingly more wished. These specialists may not work in an actual hospital, now not work with a scalpel, not use a stethoscope, no function nuclear magnetic resonance gadgets; but, they paintings with computer systems, to get hold of medical records from the cloud, to take a look at what the information can tell; the shadow of a certain clinical picture would possibly imply that the proprietor of this photo has most cancers or tuberculosis.

    Besides facts, experts read the scientific pix, and other experts wish for another branch. For example, in the branch of gynecology and obstetrics, pregnant ought to visit the hospital periodically to make sure that the entirety is OK for the baby, and at some stage in the sanatorium test time; the mother-to-be can use a clever mobile telephone with special and precise offerings for a mother as a fitness butler to help until infant born. Doctors and associated records professionals for the branch of gynecology and obstetrics may want to observe pregnant through the smart cellphone and transfer important statistics to the mother-to-be.

    Patients can Communicate Online;

    The constraints of time and space can break using the internet, the problem of communicating, too. Since the very first smartphone invented by way of Bell emerged inside the 1850s; the conversation has been able to go the gap. Humans might now not restrict by area. Via smartphone, sound can transfer to miles away to send some data. When the net first got here as demand for navy purposes, statistics transformation is underneath extremely secure conditions. Until after the Nineteen Nineties, the internet has become generally utilized by humans. After the discovery of the PC, tablet, the clever cell smartphone, smart bracelet, human beings can move into digital truth and communicate with different human beings anyplace and each time they need.

    Therefore, humans with a particular purpose can use this manner to alternate their thoughts. People who like plants can talk a way to plant the rose in dry areas like St. Louis; folks that like to tour can percentage their enjoy from Japan to Germany; people who need healthcare also can submit their thoughts on the internet site or different ways to invite for help or assist other people. Patients can provide a few guidelines like “you could try and positioned your toes into warm water for over 30 minutes to help sleep” to reply to a few people’s insomnia troubles. The net assists human beings to enjoy healthcare.

    Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Weaknesses with their examples;

    Battery Life;

    Every sort of digital device wishes the strength to run. The portable facility relies on a battery as a strength supply. Therefore, the weak point of the battery turns into one of the weaknesses of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The battery lifestyle is what we maximum subject approximately the weak point of the battery. Battery lifestyles are a degree of how well the battery plays and how long it could work with sure confidence. The most commonplace battery in our lifestyles is Lithium-Ion Battery; such as a battery on a cellular telephone, watch, pc, and other portable devices.

    Therefore, how nice and the way long does battery work determines how properly and the way lengthy the portable devices work. With the development of the era, the battery can work under a cozy circuit so that the battery can continuously output a strong modern till the voltage drops to the minimal even there is some unstable contemporary. Even although, the ambient temperature at paintings, storage conditions whilst now not running, time to recharge, minimal voltage when recharging nevertheless restriction using Lithium-ion Battery.

    This type of battery can essentially meet human beings’ everyday necessities besides while there may be extremely cold (<-20℃) or extremely hot (> 60℃), this is why battery energy drops speedily while humans using the telephone inside the north location outdoor in iciness. Lithium-ion Battery may recharge with specific present-day intensity; every sort of Lithium-ion Battery wishes exceptional enter contemporary, like iPhone and iPad, each recharge under the voltage of five V, whiles iPhone wishes 1A modern intensity and iPad desires 2.1A. As a result of the above, every device requires the corresponding adapter if people want the battery to paintings so long as it could.

    Processing Power;

    Hardware examples for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can be excellent. Applying ought to boom the capability of information computing, and cloud storage may be an amazing way to keep facts comfy. Using the cloud is the freshest tendency of net technology presently. As ways as it can tell, the cloud platforms may use internally by the organization and the associated programs of this corporation. Medical Big Data isn’t always a brand new idea. Premier, the U.S. Healthcare alliance network has scientific records to build a database for medical, economic, affected person treatment from over 2700 contributors, hospitals and health structures, 90,000 non-acute facilities, and 400,000 physicians.

    Traditional medical records save in paper form, and personal records accumulate through the years. This information can not transfer into virtual facts to save within the cloud or someplace we want to use for statistics processing. What’s more, the modern information structure is difficult to utilize to dig. Even there are several virtual records, what can use isn’t so much, the maximum of what we’ve got can’t absolutely help. For example, to predict disease, physical indicators require and a number of the concurrent symptoms ought to record; however, no longer all symptoms will present, and it’s miles tough for human beings to make a judgment best thru some concurrent symptoms and variated signs.

    Processing part 01;

    The algorithm is a superb challenge. Although Alpha Go beats humans on Go, synthetic intelligence still wishes to move on for many years till it may without a doubt help people in health care. Ali cloud has published medical help by way of assisting scientific pix evaluation activity and provide faraway tracking via applications on a clever cellular phone. This type of medical help is to apply image classification via the cloud and test whether or not there’s a shadow indicating illness. In truth, the photograph class isn’t always so precise, with the very best accuracy of 92%.

    It has to admit that ninety-two% is a truly appropriate variety at photograph class, but for scientific use, ninety-nine% continues to be not a great number, because there is nevertheless 1% of uncertainty. For human beings’ health, it’s far required 100% reality, even the physician make certain one patient has a disease; this physician can’t assure one hundred% fulfillment of the surgery. Therefore, the manner we use to investigate information cannot meet human beings’ actual necessities of medical things. There is still a long way to go for it;

    Monitoring Liability;

    There are lots of examples of clinical disputes when there’s no Internet of Medical Things. There may be greater disputes with the IoMT if there may be no enormously perfect felony gadget.

    In the conventional medical gadget, once there’s scientific malpractice, all doctors, anesthetists, nurses; who associate with the case might require to touch their coverage agency and lawyers to ebook a courtroom with the attorney of the patient. Everything within the US can execute via attorneys as long as you’ve got offer coverage. However, the above things have to complete with complicated research and evaluation with the aid of the coverage agency.

    While the Internet of Medical Things is coming, the whole lot is new to the sector. For example, if an affected person was under monitoring with the aid of a particular doctor with sure portable gadgets, and the statistics from these gadgets can be sent to platform A. All information of platform A will analyze using study institution B, and study institution B are from biomedical enterprise C. Suppose this affected person turned into sick and the physical check told that this affected person had significantly leukemia;

    More Monitoring things;

    However, the data from monitoring gadgets, facts evaluation result, and physician who’s answerable for this patient instructed nothing approximately it, which permit this patient leaves out the most efficient time to have a cure. If this patient desires to ask for something lower back, he turns to his lawyer. And his legal professional turns to the coverage company. Well, now that is the query: which part of examples the Internet of Medical Things needs to be responsible for this error if all of them should be, which one should take the largest payback.

    There is no complicated criminal system for the internet, nor the even Internet of Medical Things. Who should be answerable for the screen, is a big query till the Internet of Medical Things accomplish.

    Data Security;

    When mentioned records accumulating, humans will worry about facts protection. Internet of Medical Things desires huge facts, examples, and these statistics are from human beings even they may be not sick. The information evaluation center calls for case records and control records as a useful resource to help classify and expect what kind of functions may additionally lead to disorder. Like the credit card, Personal data like call, gender, real-time vicinity, pulse, blood stress, or even sickness records may accrue from the bio-stamp.

    These private facts may despatch returned to the facts middle through the wi-fi community, consequently, cybersecurity can be some other cause why human beings worry. No one can understand for positive how their non-public data will assist ailment prediction, because, of their minds, the statistics take a look at maybe like a darkish box, and nothing non-public and private can be visible but the associated statistics. What’s extra, the cloud platform is every other item to worry about. Cloud computing and cloud storage can lessen hardware strain.

    More and greater businesses pick out the cloud as their commercial enterprise facts garage place and computing approach. However, even there are quite a few approaches to secure the cloud and increasingly more humans flip to examine a way to grow safety self-belief, there are still some folks who want to interrupt into the cloud and do little unlawful things. Fight among maintainers and breakers by no means prevent irrespective of what manner people pick out to use. Therefore, the cloud is not surely safe for human beings’ private facts.

    Medical Industry;

    When people do no longer want nurses to do registration jobs, physical exams, remedy assistant jobs anymore, people do no longer want such a lot of nurses anymore. Therefore, the number of nurses decreases due to this variation. And then, nurse schooling will develop slowly or even forestall. If every disorder can anticipate appropriately or can manage by using far-off tracking; the lifestyles of patients won’t motivate using this disease; the variety of docs waiting in hospitals for patients will drop slowly.

    Because the Internet of Medical Things can help to reveal exercising, sickness-stopping, sickness diagnosis, getting better after surgical operation, because of this masses of jobs needed a doctor won’t need a health practitioner anymore. When physical checking can carry out with the aid of a few applications, humans do no longer need to go to hospitals to have a frame test, therefore, hospitals received’t want such a lot of superior medical facilities anymore. When human beings can therapy themselves at domestic without going to the sanatorium by way of themselves, the patient department gained’t need too many beds for patients except humans who have a critical disorder and they can’t treatment thru the Internet of Medical Things examples.

    Uneasy for Elderly People;

    The emerging generation may be each love and hate things for elderly people. They love its portability and convenience, however complicated operation prevents those human beings to easily use. New things are usually difficult for elderly human beings. These things may be fragile and have to use carefully. For instance, a clever cellphone may be genuinely useful for collecting records and analyzing physical reports every day. Some packages on the cellular phone have to turn on while using, and the file may be at every other place.

    For elderly humans, they’ll have trouble locating the button to show on the checking function and go to every other web page to study the record. Some devices need to operate with lots of buttons, like an ECG monitor, the elderly can not do it without different people’s assist. Portability manner is small. Elderly human beings don’t have excellent points of interest because aging ends in presbyopia. Therefore, the aged need large ones. Being large and being transportable cannot exist collectively. Once the gadgets get bigger, they lost portability.

    Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Market in Medicine Healthcare Image
    Internet of Medical Things Examples (IoMT) Market in Medicine Healthcare; Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay.
  • Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    Water pollution can define as an alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water making it unsuitable for designated use in its natural state. After, Air Pollution, Noise Pollution maybe you’ll like to know about another Pollution. If yes? So, this article explains Water Pollution, and its topics – sources, effects, and control. Also, water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater).

    Here is article explains the Water Pollution and their topics; Sources, Effects, and Control.

    Also, water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water, and in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations but also to the natural communities.

    Sources of Water Pollution:

    Water is an essential commodity for survival. We need water for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, irrigation, and industrial operations. Most of the water for such uses comes from rivers, lakes, or groundwater sources. Also, Water has the property to dissolve many substances in it; therefore, it can easily get polluted. Point sources or non-point sources can cause pollution of water. Point sources are specific sites near water, which directly discharge effluents into them.

    After Air pollution, the types of pollution one of them. Major point sources of water pollution are industries, power plants, underground coal mines, offshore oil wells, etc. Also, The discharge from non-point sources is not at any particular site; rather, these sources are scattered, which individually or collectively pollute water. Surface run-off from agricultural fields, overflowing small drains, rainwater sweeping roads, and fields, atmospheric deposition, etc. are the non-point sources of water pollution.

    1] Ground-water pollution:

    Ground-water forms about 6.2% of the total water available on planet earth and is about 30 times more than surface water (streams, lakes, and estuaries). Also, ground-water seems to be less prone to pollution as the soil mantle through which water passes helps to retain various contaminants due to its cation exchange capacity.

    However, there are several potential sources of ground-water pollution. Septic tanks, industry (textile, chemical, tanneries), deep well injection, mining, etc. are mainly responsible for ground-water pollution, which is irreversible. Ground-water pollution with arsenic, fluoride, and nitrate are posing serious health hazards.

    2] Surface water pollution:

    The major sources of surface water pollution are:

    1. Sewage: Pouring the drains and sewers in freshwater bodies causes water pollution. The problem is severe in cities.
    2. Industrial effluents: Industrial wastes containing toxic chemicals, acids, alkalis, metallic salts, phenols, cyanides, ammonia, radioactive substances, etc. are sources of water pollution. They also cause thermal (heat) pollution of water.
    3. Synthetic detergents: Synthetic detergents used in washing and cleaning produce foam and pollute water.
    4. Agrochemical: Agrochemical like fertilizers (containing nitrates and phosphates) and pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc.) washed by rainwater and surface run-off pollute water.
    5. Oil: Oil spillage into seawater during drilling and shipment pollute it.
    6. Waste heat: Waste heats from industrial discharge increases the temperature of water bodies and affects the distribution and survival of sensitive species.

    Effects of Water Pollution:

    Following are some important effects of various types of water pollutants:

    1] Oxygen demanding wastes:

    Microorganisms present in water decompose organic matter, which reaches water bodies. For this degradation oxygen dissolved in water consume. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen dissolved in a given quantity of water at a particular temperature and atmospheric pressure. The amount of dissolved oxygen depends on aeration, photosynthetic activity in the water, respiration of animals and plants and ambient temperature.

    The saturation value of DO varies from 8-15 mg/L. For active fish species (trout and Salmon) 5-8 mg/L of DO require whereas less desirable species like carp can survive at 3.0 mg/L of DO. Lower DO may be harmful to animals especially fish populations. Oxygen depletion (deoxygenating) helps in the release of phosphates from bottom sediments and causes eutrophication.

    2] Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds (Nutrients):

    The addition of compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus helps in the growth of algae and other plants which when die and decay consume oxygen of water. Under anaerobic conditions, foul-smelling gases are producing. Excess growth or decomposition of plant material will change the concentration of CO2, which will further change the pH of water. Changes in pH, oxygen, and temperature will change many Physico-chemical characteristics of water.

    3] Pathogens:

    Many wastewaters, especially sewage, contain many pathogenic (disease-causing) and non- pathogenic microorganisms and many viruses. Waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid, jaundice, etc. are spread by water contaminated with sewage.

    4] Toxic Compounds:

    Pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, cyanides and many other organic and inorganic compounds are harmful to aquatic organisms. Some of these substances like pesticides, methyl mercury, etc. move into the bodies of organisms from the medium in which these organisms live. Substances like DDT are not water-soluble and have an affinity for body lipids. These substances tend to accumulate in the organism’s body.

    This process calls bioaccumulation. Also, The concentration of these toxic substances builds up at successive levels of the food chain. This process calls biomagnifications. Toxic substances polluting the water ultimately affect human health. Some heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium cause various types of diseases. Mercury dump into water transforms into water-soluble methyl mercury by bacterial action. Methyl mercury accumulates in fish.

    Extra knowledge:

    In 1953, people in Japan suffered from the numbness of body parts, vision and hearing problems, and abnormal mental behavior. This disease called Minamata disease occurred due to the consumption of methyl mercury-contaminated fish caught from Minamata bay in Japan. The disease claimed 50 lives and permanently paralyzed over 700 persons. Pollution by another heavy metal cadmium had caused the disease called Itai-Itai in the people of Japan.

    The disease was caused by cadmium contaminating rice. The rice fields were irrigated with effluents of zinc smelters and drainage water from mines. In this disease bones, liver, kidney, lungs, pancreas, and thyroid are affecting. Also, Arsenic pollution of groundwater in Bangladesh and West Bengal is causing various types of abnormalities. Nitrate when present in excess in drinking water causes blue baby syndrome or methemoglobinemia. The disease develops when a part of hemoglobin converts into a non-functional oxidized form.

    Nitrate in the stomach partly gets changed into nitrites, which can produce cancer-causing products in the stomach. Excess of fluoride in drinking water causes defects in teeth and bones to call fluorosis. Also, Pesticides in drinking water ultimately reach humans and are known to cause various health problems. DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, etc. have, therefore, been banned. Recently, in Andhra Pradesh, people suffered from various abnormalities due to the consumption of endosulfan contaminated cashew nuts.

    Water Pollution Sources Effects and Control
    Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control.

    Control of Water Pollution:

    It is easy to reduce water pollution from point sources by legislation. However, due to the absence of defined strategies, it becomes difficult to prevent water pollution from non-point sources.

    The following points may help in reducing water pollution from non-point sources:

    • Judicious use of agrochemical likes pesticides and fertilizers, which will reduce their surface run-off and leaching. Avoid the use of these on sloped lands.
    • Use of nitrogen-fixing plants to supplement the use of fertilizers.
    • Adopting integrated pest management to reduce reliance on pesticides.
    • Prevent run-off of manure. Divert such a run-off to the basin for settlement. Also, nutrient-rich water can use as fertilizer in the fields.
    • Separate drainage of sewage and rainwater should provide to prevent the overflow of sewage with rainwater.
    • Planting trees would reduce pollution by sediments and will also prevent soil erosion.

    For controlling water pollution from point sources – the treatment of wastewater is essential before discharge.

    • Wastewater should properly treat by primary and secondary treatments to reduce the BOD, COD levels up to the permissible levels for discharge.
    • Advanced treatment for the removal of nitrates and phosphates will prevent eutrophication. Before the discharge of wastewater – it should disinfect to kill disease-causing organisms like bacteria.
    • Proper chlorination should finish preventing the formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons or ozone or ultraviolet radiation should do disinfection.
  • Noise Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    Noise Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    Noise Pollution can define as an unpleasant and unwanted sound. We hear various types of sound every day. Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating source. After, Air Pollution maybe you’ll like to know about another Pollution. If yes? So, this article explains Noise Pollution, and its topics – sources, effects, and control. A type of sound may be pleasant to someone and at the same time unpleasant to others. Also, The unpleasant and unwanted sound is called noise. Sound can propagate through a medium like air, liquid, or solid.

    Here is article explains the Noise Pollution and their topics; Sources, Effects, and Control.

    The sound wave is a pressure perturbation in the medium through which sound travels. Sound pressure alternately causes compression and rarefaction. The number of compressions and rarefactions of the molecules of the medium (for example air) in a unit time is described as frequency. It is expressed in Hertz (Hz) and is equal to the number of cycles per second.

    There is a wide range of sound pressures, which encounter the human ear. Also, An increase in sound pressure does not invoke the linear response of the human ear. A meaningful logarithmic scale has been devised. The noise measurements are expressed as Sound Pressure Level (SPL) which is the logarithmic ratio of the sound pressure to a reference pressure.

    It is expressed as a dimensionless unit, a decibel (dB). The international reference pressure of 2 x 10-5 Pa is the average threshold of hearing for a healthy ear. The decibel scale is a measure of loudness. Noise can affect the human ear because of its loudness and frequency (pitch). Also, The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) committee has recommended permissible noise levels for different locations as given in Table;

    Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) committee has recommended permissible noise levels
    CPCB committee has recommended permissible noise levels.

    Sources of Noise Pollution:

    The main sources of noise are various modes of transportation (like air, road, rail-transportation), industrial operations, construction activities, and celebrations (social/religious functions, elections, etc) electric home appliances. Also, High levels of noise have been recorded in some of the cities of the world. In Nanjing (China) noise level of 105 dB has been recorded, while in some other cities of the world these levels are: Rome 90 dB, New York 88 dB, Calcutta 85 dB, Mumbai 82 dB, Delhi 80 dB, Kathmandu 75 dB.

    Major causes/sources of noise pollution are:

    1] Industrial:

    Progress in technology (industrialization) has resulted in creating noise pollu­tion. Also, Textile mills, printing presses, engineering establishments, and metal works, etc. contribute heavily to noise pollution.

    These operate from workshops located on the ground floors of the residential areas and cause annoyance, discomfort, and irri­tation to the residents exposed to the noise that is inevitably produced.

    For example, the situation is much better in modern planned cities like Chandigarh where the industrial area is kept away from the residential areas and both are sepa­rated from each other by a sufficiently wide green belt.

    2] Automobile or Transport Vehicles:

    The automobile revolution in urban centers has proved to be a big source of noise pollution. Increasing traffic has given rise to traffic jams in congested areas where the repeated hooting of horns by impatient drivers pierce the ears of all road users.

    Noise from airplanes constitutes an increasingly serious problem in big cities like Delhi & Mumbai. Also, airports situated in the vicinity of population centers and airplanes pass over residential areas. Heavy trucks, buses trains, jet-planes, motor-cycles, scooters, mopeds, jeeps—the list of vehicles is endless but the outcome is the same — noise pollution.

    3] Household:

    The household is an industry in itself and is a source of many indoor noises such as the banging of doors, noise of playing children, crying of infants, moving of furniture, a loud conversation of the inhabitants, etc. Besides these are the entertainment equipment in the house, namely the radio, record-players, and television sets. Domestic gadgets like mixer-grinders, pressure cookers, desert coolers, air- conditioners, exhaust fans, vacuum cleaners, sewing, and washing machines are all indoor sources of noise pollution.

    4] Public Address System:

    In India, people need only the slightest of an excuse for using loudspeakers. Also, The reason may be a religious function, birth, death, marriage, elections, dem­onstration, or just commercial advertising. The public system, therefore, contrib­utes in its way towards noise pollution.

    5] Agricultural Machines:

    In modern times, agriculture is highly changing in food farming. They also use modern technic or machines for farming growth. In Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers, etc. have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the same time highly noisy. Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to the running of farm machines have been recorded in the state of Punjab.

    6] Defense Equipment:

    We talk about Noise pollution, so we can not forget Defense Equipment or security level sources. Also, Defense Equipment is one of them, We have defense tools to protect the country from outside countries. In every country, they manufacture more and more defense equipment for the protection of the countrymen.

    A lot of noise pollution adds to the atmosphere by artillery, tanks, launching of rockets, explosions, exercising of military airplanes, and shooting practices. Also, Screams of jet engines and sonic booms have a deafening impact on the ears and in extreme cases have been known to shatter the window panes and old dilapidated buildings.

    Effects of Noise pollution:

    Noise pollution causes the following effects.

    • Interferes with man’s communication: In a noisy area, communication severely affects.
    • Hearing damage: Noise can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. It depends on the intensity and duration of the sound level. Auditory sensitivity reduces with a noise level of over 90 dB in the mid-high frequency for more than a few minutes.
    • Physiological and Psychological changes: Continuous exposure to noise affects the functioning of various systems of the body. It may result in hypertension, insomnia (sleeplessness), gastrointestinal and digestive disorders, peptic ulcers, blood pressure changes, behavioral changes, emotional changes, etc.
    Effects or Impacts of Noise Pollution – diagram:
    Effects or Impacts of Noise Pollution - diagram
    Effects or Impacts of Noise Pollution – diagram.

    Noise is generally harmful and a serious health hazard. It has far-reaching consequences and has many physical, physiological as well as psychological ef­fects on human beings. Extra things:

    1] Physical Effects:

    The physical manifestation of noise pollution is the effect on hearing ability. Repeated exposure to noise may result in temporary or permanent shifting of the hearing threshold of a person depending upon the level and duration of exposure.

    The immediate and acute effect of noise pollution is the impairment of hearing (i.e. total deafness). Also, Human ears have sensory cells for hearing. If these cells are subjected to re­peated sounds of high intensity before they have an opportunity to recover fully.

    They can become permanently damaged leading to impairment of hearing. In addition to sensory cells, delicate tympanic membranes or eardrums can also permanently harm by sudden loud noises such as an explosion.

    2] Physiological Effects:

    Physiologica means, relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Also, The physiological manifestations of noise pollution are several as mentioned be­low:

    • Headache by dilating blood vessels of the brain.
    • Increase in the rate of heart-beat.
    • Narrowing of arteries.
    • Fluctuations in the arterial blood pressure by increasing the level of choles­terol in the blood.
    • The decrease in heat output.
    • Pain in the heart.
    • Digestive spasms through anxiety and dilation of the pupil of the eye, thereby causing eye-strain.
    • Impairment of night vision.
    • The decrease in the rate of color perception.
    • Lowering of concentration and effect on memory.
    • Muscular strain and nervous breakdown, and.
    • Psychological Effect.
    Noise Pollution Sources Effects and Control
    Noise Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control.

    Control of Noise Pollution:

    How to control noise pollution? If we do something controlling noise or extra sound out there. So, what they are? The following controlling things below are;

    Reduction in sources of noise:
    • Sources of noise pollution like heavy vehicles and old vehicles may not allow driving in populated areas if they follow as also control some noise.
    • Noise making machines should keep in containers with sound-absorbing media. The noise path will interrupt and will not reach the workers.
    • Proper oiling will reduce the noise from the machinery.
    Use of sound-absorbing silencers:
    • Silencers can reduce noise by absorbing sound. For this purpose, various types of fibrous material could use.
    • Planting more trees having broad leaves.

    Through Law: Legislation can ensure that sound production is minimized at various social functions. Unnecessary horn blowing should restrict especially in vehicle-congested areas.

  • Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control

    What is Air Pollution? It is an atmospheric condition in which certain substances (including the normal constituents in excess) are present in concentrations, which can cause undesirable effects on living beings and the environment. These substances include gases, particulate matter, radioactive substances, etc. The question is Briefly describe the sources, effects, and control of air pollution. Air pollution is a change in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air that causes adverse effects on humans and other organisms. The ultimate result is a change in the natural environment and/or ecosystem.

    What are the natural and man-made pollutants that cause air pollution? The discussion of the sources, effects, and control of air pollution.

    Gaseous pollutants include oxides of sulfur (mostly S02, S03) oxides of nitrogen (mostly NO and N02 or NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (mostly hydrocarbons), etc. Particulate pollutants include smoke, dust, soot, fumes, aerosols, liquid droplets, pollen grains, etc. Radioactive pollutants include radon-222, iodine-131, strontium-90, plutonium-239, etc.. The substances that are responsible for causing air pollution are called air pollution. These air pollutants can be either natural (e.g. wildfires) or synthetic (man-made); they may be in the form of gas, liquid or solid.

    Content of Air Pollution Sources Effects and Control
    Content of Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control.

    Sources of Air Pollution:

    Sources of air pollution refer to the various locations, activities, or factors which are responsible for the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. Also, The sources of air pollution are natural and man-made (anthropogenic).

    1] Natural Sources:

    The natural sources of air pollution are volcanic eruptions, forest fires, sea salts sprays, biological decay, photochemical oxidation of terpenes, marshes, extraterrestrial bodies pollen grains of flowers, spores, etc. Radioactive minerals present in the earth’s crust are the sources of radioactivity in the atmosphere.

    The following natural sources of air pollution below are:

    • Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation.
    • Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example, cattle.
    • Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth’s crust. Also, Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that forms from the decay of radium.
    • It considers being a health hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement and it is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after cigarette smoking.
    • Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.
    • Volcanic activity, which produces sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.
    2] Man-made:

    Man-made sources include thermal power plants, industrial units, vehicular emissions, fossil fuel burning, agricultural activities, etc. Also, Thermal power plants have become the major sources for generating electricity in India, as nuclear power plants couldn’t install as plan. The main pollutants emitted are fly ash and S02. Metallurgical plants also consume coal and produce similar pollutants. Fertilizer plants, smelters, textile mills, tanneries, refineries, chemical industries, paper, and pulp mills are other sources of air pollution.

    Automobile exhaust is another major source of air pollution. Automobiles release gases such as carbon monoxide (about 77%), oxides of nitrogen (about 8%), and hydrocarbons (about 14%). Heavy-duty diesel vehicles spew more NOx and suspended particulate matter (SPM) than petrol vehicles, which produce more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

    3] Indoor Air Pollution:

    The most important indoor air pollution or pollutant is radon gas. Radon gas and its radioactive daughters are responsible for a large number of lung cancer deaths each year. Also, The Radon can emit from building materials like bricks, concrete, tiles, etc., which are deriving from soil containing radium. Radon is also present in groundwater and natural gas and emits indoors while using them.

    Many houses in the under-developed and developing countries including India use fuels like coal, dung-cakes, wood, and kerosene in their kitchens. Complete combustion of a fuel produces carbon dioxide, which may not be toxic. However, incomplete combustion produces toxic gas carbon monoxide. Coal contains varying amounts of sulfur, which on burning produces sulfur dioxide.

    Fossil fuel burning produces black soot. These pollutants i.e. CO, sulfur dioxide, soot, and many others like formaldehyde, benzo- (a) pyrene (BAP) are toxic and harmful to health. BAP is also found in cigarette smoke and consider to cause cancer. Also, A housewife using wood as fuel for cooking inhales BAP equivalent to 20 packets of cigarettes a day.

    Effects of air pollution:

    Air pollution has adverse effects on living organisms and materials.

    1] Effects on Human Health:

    The human respiratory system has several mechanisms for protection from air pollution. The hairs and sticky mucus in the lining of the nose can trap bigger particles. Smaller particles can reach the tracheobronchial system and there get trapped in mucus. Also, They are sent back to the throat by beating hair-like cilia from where they can remove by spitting or swallowing. Years of exposure to air pollutants (including cigarette smoke) adversely affect these natural defenses and can result in lung cancer, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema (damage to air sacs leading to loss of lung elasticity and acute shortness of breath).

    Suspended particulate can cause damage to lung tissues and diseases like asthma, bronchitis, and cancer especially when they bring with them cancer-causing or toxic pollutants attached on their surface. Sulfur dioxide (S02) causes constriction of respiratory passage and can cause bronchitis like conditions. In the presence of suspended particulate, S02 can form acid sulfate particles, which can go deep into the lungs and affect them severely.

    Oxides of nitrogen especially NO2 can irritate the lungs and cause conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Also, Carbon monoxide (CO) reaches the lungs and combines with hemoglobin of the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin. CO has an affinity for hemoglobin 210 times more than oxygen. Hemoglobin is, therefore, unable to transport oxygen to various parts of the body. This causes suffocation. Long exposure to CO may cause dizziness, unconsciousness, and even death. Many other air pollutants like benzene (from unleaded petrol), formaldehyde, and particulate like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) toxic metals, and dioxins (from burning of polythene) can cause mutations, reproductive problems, or even cancer.

    2] Effects on Plants:

    Air pollutants affect plants by entering through stomata (leaf pores through which gases diffuse), destroy chlorophyll, and affect photosynthesis. Pollutants also erode the waxy coating of the leaves called a cuticle. Also, Cuticle prevents excessive water loss -and damage from diseases, pests, drought, and frost. Damage to leaf structure causes necrosis (dead areas of the leaf), chlorosis (loss or reduction of chlorophyll causing yellowing of leaf) or epinasty (downward Curling of leaf), and abscission (dropping of leaves). Particulates deposited on leaves can form encrustations and plug the stomata. The damage can result in the death of the plant.

    3] Effects on aquatic life:

    Air pollutants mixing up with rain can cause high acidity (lower pH) in freshwater lakes. This affects-aquatic life especially fishes. Some of the freshwater lakes have experienced total fish death.

    4] Effects on materials:

    Because of their corrosiveness, particulate can cause damage to exposed surfaces. Also, The presence of SO2 and moisture can accelerate the corrosion of metallic surfaces. SO2 can affect fabric, leather, paint, paper, marble, and limestone. Ozone in the atmosphere can cause the cracking of rubber. Oxides of nitrogen can also cause fading of cotton and rayon fibers.

    Air Pollution Sources Effects and Control
    Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Control.

    Control of air pollution:

    Air pollution can minimize by the following simple methods:

    • Siting of industries after proper Environmental Impact Assessment studies.
    • Removing sulfur from coal (by washing or with the help of bacteria).
    • Removing NOx during the combustion process.
    • Using low sulfur coal in industries.
    • Removing particulate from stack exhaust gases by employing electrostatic precipitators, bag-house filters, cyclone separators, scrubbers, etc.
    • Vehicular pollution can check by regular tune-up of engines; replacement of more polluting old vehicles; installing catalytic converters; by the engine, modification to have fuel-efficient (lean) mixtures to reduce CO and hydrocarbon emissions; and slow and cooler burning of fuels to reduce NOx emission (Honda Technology).
    • Using the mass transport system, bicycles, etc.
    • Shifting to less polluting fuels (hydrogen gas).
    • Using non-conventional sources of energy.
    • Using biological filters and bio-scrubbers.
    • Planting more trees.

    The following items are commonly used as pollution control devices by industry or transportation devices. They can either destroy contaminants or remove them from an exhaust stream before it emits into the atmosphere.

    1] Particulate Control:

    Mechanical collectors (dust cyclones, multi-cyclones)- Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas, or water stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. Also, Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. A high speed rotating (air) flow establish within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone.

    Air flows in a spiral pattern, beginning at the top (wide end) of the cyclone and ending at the bottom (narrow) end before exiting the cyclone in a straight stream through the center of the cyclone and out the top. Larger (denser) particles in the rotating stream have too much inertia to follow the tight curve of the stream and strike the outside wall, falling then to the bottom of the cyclone where they can remove.

    In a conical system, as the rotating flow moves towards the narrow end of the cyclone the rotational radius of the stream reduces, separating smaller and smaller particles. The cyclone geometry, together with the flow rate, defines the cut point of the cyclone. This is the size of the particle that will remove from the stream with 50% efficiency. Particles larger than the cut point will remove with greater efficiency and smaller particles with lower efficiency.

    2] Electrostatic Precipitators:

    An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.

    Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream.

    In contrast to wet scrubbers which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collecting and therefore is very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of electricity).

    3] Particulate Scrubbers:

    The term wet scrubber describes a variety of devices that remove pollutants from a furnace flue gas or other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method, to remove the pollutants. Also, The design of wet scrubbers or any air pollution control device depends on the industrial process conditions and the nature of the air pollutants involved.

    Inlet gas characteristics and dust properties (if particles are present) are of primary importance. Scrubbers can design to collect particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants. Wet scrubbers remove dust particles by capturing them in liquid droplets. Wet scrubbers remove pollutant gases by dissolving or absorbing them into the liquid.

    Any droplets that are in the scrubber inlet gas must separate from the outlet gas stream using another device referred to as a mist eliminator or entrainment separator (these terms are interchangeable).

  • Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    What is the Bullwhip Effect? Understanding the meaning, definition, concept, Eliminating, and Causes in Supply Chain Management!

    Meaning: The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as one moves further up the supply chain. The meaning, definition, concept, Eliminating, and Causes, Explains Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management. The concept first appeared in Jay Forrester’s Industrial Dynamics (1961) and thus it is also known as the Forrester effect. The bullwhip effect can be explained as an occurrence detected by the supply chain where orders sent to the manufacturer and supplier create larger variance than the sales to the end customer.

    The bullwhip effect was named for the way the amplitude of a whip increases down its length. The further from the originating signal, the greater the distortion of the wave pattern. In a similar manner, forecast accuracy decreases as one moves upstream along the supply chain. These irregular orders in the lower part of the supply chain develop to be more distinct higher up in the supply chain. This variance can interrupt the smoothness of the supply chain process as each link in the supply chain will over or underestimate the product demand resulting in exaggerated fluctuations. Who are the Users of Accounting Information inside the Organization?

    The Concept of Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    The problem of the Bullwhip effect in supply chain management has always been a concern for many years. Due to its non-industry specific nature, it has grabbed the attention of many professionals from diverse industries and business schools. Bullwhip effect as its name suggests is an oscillation in the chain or pipeline. In the supply chain, this effect occurs when there is a constant fluctuation in the demand. In-congruence in the information leads to its distortion thereby creating a bullwhip. The expression “Bullwhip Effect” was termed by executives of P&G, the company that manufactures Pamper brand of diapers.

    These executives observed that while the consumer demand for Pamper’s Diapers was fairly constant over time, the orders for diapers placed by retailers to their wholesalers or distributors were quite variable i.e., exhibited significant fluctuations over time. In addition, even larger variations in order quantities were observed in the orders that P&G received from its wholesalers. Also, read it The Motivated Personality born in India They inspire Always.

    This increase in the variability of the orders seen by each stage in a supply chain was called the bullwhip effect. This situation of misalignment in the supply chain can be termed as ‘Asymmetric Information’ where different parties having different states of private information about demand conditions, products, and the chain operations. The problem of this asymmetry arises because participating firms generally lack the knowledge required about each other’s plans and intentions to adequately harmonize their services and activities.

    Supply chain members often do not wish to share their private information completely and faithfully with all others due to the profitability of that actual or perceived information. Thereby the whole supply chain suffers from sub-optimal and opportunistic behavior. These decisions occur when the members don’t have sufficient visibility to resolve various trade-offs in decision making because lack of information causes decisions to be made in a narrow scope that cannot ensure that products flow properly to end customers. Moreover, with limited information sharing, members don’t have consistent perceptions of market needs and visibility over performance at the other levels of the supply chain.

    As a consequence, decisions are made based on either the best estimation of the available data or an educated guess. Such decisions can be biased and prevent the individual member from attaining the optimal solution of the supply chain. For example, the manufacturer often uses incoming orders with larger variance and not sales data from the retailer as a signal about the future product demand. Asymmetric information also produces problems of the vulnerability of opportunistic behavior. Specifically, adverse selection and moral hazard manifest themselves in the relationship between the supply chain members.

    The negative selection of adverse selection, for example, is that the member firms cannot optimize supply chain performance because they don’t possess the required capability to meet the predetermined customer service level. To explain this effect a very simple example of the two-tier supply chain, a retailer and a manufacturer, can be taken into account. The retailer observes customer demand and places orders to the manufacturer. For determination of the order quantity to place with the manufacturer, the retailer will use the observed demand data of customer and a demand forecasting technique. In the 2nd stage, the manufacturer plays his role of forecasting by observing the retailers demand to place the order with his suppliers.

    In many supply chains, the manufacturer doesn’t have access to customer’s demand data thereby making him rely on the retailer’s data to forecast. As the bullwhip effect implies (the orders placed by the retailer are significantly more variable than the customer demand observed by the retailer), the manufacturer’s forecasting and inventory control problem will be much more difficult than the retailer’s forecasting and inventory control problem. In addition, the increased variability will force the manufacturer to carry more safety stock or to maintain higher capacity than the retailer in order to meet the same service level as the retailer.

    What Contributes to the Bullwhip Effect?

    There are many factors said to cause or contribute to the bullwhip effect in supply chains; the following list names a few:

    • Free return policies: Customers may intentionally overstate demands due to shortages and then cancel when the supply becomes adequate again, without return forfeit retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders; resulting in excess material.
    • Demand information: Relying on past demand information to estimate current demand information of a product does not take into account any fluctuations that may occur in demand over a period of time.
    • Price variations: Special discounts and other cost changes can upset regular buying patterns; buyers want to take advantage of discounts offered during a short time period, this can cause uneven production and distorted demand information.
    • Order batching: Companies may not immediately place an order with their supplier; often accumulating the demand first. Companies may order weekly or even monthly. This creates variability in the demand as there may, for instance, be a surge in demand at some stage followed by no demand after.
    • Lack of communication between each link: in the supply chain makes it difficult for processes to run smoothly. Managers can perceive a product demand quite differently within different links of the supply chain and therefore order different quantities.
    • Disorganization between each supply chain link: with ordering larger or smaller amounts of a product that is needed due to an over or under reaction to the supply chain beforehand.

    Eliminating Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    Following are a set of efficient countermeasures that were designed to minimize the negative effects of the Bullwhip effect;

    1. Avoid multiple demand forecast updates.
    2. Eliminate gaming in shortage.
    3. Stabilize prices, and.
    4. Break order batches.

    However, we have to admit that the above-mentioned measures of reduction of the Bullwhip effect are not exhaustive and cannot fully eliminate the existence of this effect.

    Countermeasures of Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    Actual demand for a product is influenced by several factors such as competition, prices, weather conditions, technological developments, and consumers’ general confidence. These would be considered external and unmanageable factors. There are other uncertainties involved as well that can have an effect on the supply chain such as problems in delivery time due to production machine failures. Techniques to lessen or curtail the bullwhip effect would be to understand and recognize who or what is suggesting the variations in demand. Is it the retailer, manufacturer, the customer, or the distributor? The key element to eliminating this setback is being aware of where the demand changes are beginning. Techniques that can be used or put into place to reduce the bullwhip effect is sharing information along the supply chain, Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), and managing e-business.

    The most obvious way to reduce the bullwhip effect is to improve communication and forecasting along the supply chain. Master Data Management (MDM) is can be looked at to integrate all data in an organization at the highest level, both internally and externally. One of the most notable examples of information sharing is between large manufacturers and retailers. Inventory if properly managed, it can increase profits and efficiency. The implementation of a Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) initiative would be a key factor in improving and controlling the bullwhip effect. VMI indicates that the vendor, usually a distributor, maintains the inventories for manufacturer or buyer and in turn will reduce warehouse costs for suppliers. VMI alleviates uncertainty of demand and replenishment decisions can be made according to operating needs, and also has heightened awareness of trends in demand. E-commerce brings about new opportunities to improve the performance of the supply chain. The primary advantages of internet utilization are speed, decreased costs, the potential to shorten the supply chain, and flexibility.

    Electronic marketplaces provide for more efficient resource allocation, better information flow, and dissemination on products and services in the supply chain. Electronic data interchange (EDI) can be implemented to help supply chain managers in reducing misleading signals sent from sales and marketing (distribution). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is one of the most successful tools for managing supply chains. ERP is software that integrates the planning, management, and use of all sources in the entire enterprise. The major objective is to integrate all departments and functional information flow across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all of the enterprise’s needs.

    A plan created from an SCM system that allows companies to quickly assess the impact of their actions on the entire supply chain, including customer demand, can only be done with the integration of ERP software. ERP and SCM can help alleviate the bullwhip effect across the supply chain by having a shared understanding of what needs to get done, managing the variations in the organization, communication among all that are involved especially top management, and having single control of replenishment or VMI can overcome inflated demand forecasts. Long lead times should also be reduced where it is reasonably beneficial.

    Causes of Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management

    There are four main causes behind building up of bullwhip effect in the supply chain.

    These causes are:

    1. Demand Forecasting.
    2. Order Batching.
    3. Rationing and Shortage Gaming, and.
    4. Price Fluctuation.

    From the above information, it is clear enough that all the factors or elements resulting in bullwhip effect originate from a common ground i.e. information sharing. Case Study of International Marketing Strategy in PepsiCoIt is evident enough that the lack of information and interaction between different stages evolve bullwhip in the system thereby plaguing the whole Supply Chain.

    Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chain Management
    Image Credit from ilearnlot.com.