Category: Information Technology

  • Creating an Effective Mobile Device Management Policy

    Creating an Effective Mobile Device Management Policy

    Creating an effective Mobile Device Management (MDM) policy is essential for safeguarding organizational data and managing mobile device usage. This guide outlines key aspects, common threats, best practices, and step-by-step instructions for developing a robust MDM policy. Enhance security and efficiency in the workplace with comprehensive guidelines tailored to protect sensitive information.

    What is a Mobile Device Management Policy?

    A Mobile Device Management (MDM) policy is a formal framework that governs the use, management, and security of mobile devices within an organization. It defines the protocols for device enrollment, usage, and overall management to protect sensitive data and mitigate security risks associated with mobile technology.

    Key Aspects of a Mobile Device Management Policy:

    1. Device Enrollment: Guidelines for how devices are registered within the organization’s MDM system, including eligibility criteria and enrollment procedures.
    2. Security Standards: Specifications for security measures required on devices, such as password strength, biometric authentication, encryption, and remote wipe capabilities in case of loss or theft.
    3. Usage Policies: Rules for acceptable use of mobile devices, including which applications can be installed, internet usage, and the distinction between personal and work-related activities.
    4. Monitoring and Reporting: Procedures for monitoring device compliance with organizational standards and generating reports on device usage and security status.
    5. Data Protection Measures: Strategies for ensuring the security of organizational data on mobile devices, such as data encryption, secure storage practices, and requirements for using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
    6. Support and Maintenance: Information on how employees can receive support for their devices, including troubleshooting, software updates, and hardware maintenance.
    7. Incident Management: A plan for responding to security incidents involving mobile devices, including reporting mechanisms and steps for remediation.

    An effective MDM policy not only enhances security but also helps in managing the risk associated with the use of mobile devices in the workplace.

    Common Threats of Mobile Devices in the Workplace

    Mobile devices have become integral to business operations, but they also pose several security threats. Recognizing these threats is crucial for implementing effective Mobile Device Management (MDM) policies. Here are some common threats faced by mobile devices in the workplace:

    1. Malware Attacks

    Malware can infect mobile devices through malicious applications, links, or email attachments. This can lead to data breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information.

    2. Lost or Stolen Devices

    The loss or theft of mobile devices can result in significant data exposure if the device contains sensitive company information and lacks proper security measures such as encryption or remote wipe capabilities.

    3. Unsecured Wi-Fi Networks

    Connecting to public or unsecured Wi-Fi networks can expose mobile devices to man-in-the-middle attacks, allowing hackers to intercept data transmissions.

    4. Phishing Attacks

    Employees may fall victim to phishing attempts through emails or text messages, leading to the compromise of login credentials or sensitive data.

    5. Inadequate Device Security

    Devices that do not have adequate security features, such as strong passwords, secure lock screens, or up-to-date operating systems, are more vulnerable to unauthorized access.

    6. Shadow IT

    Employees may use unauthorized applications or services for work-related tasks, known as shadow IT, which can introduce security vulnerabilities and data leakage.

    7. Data Leakage

    Sensitive data can unintentionally be exposed through various means, such as sharing files via unsecured channels or failing to properly delete data from devices no longer in use.

    8. Loss of Control Over Data

    With multiple mobile devices in use, organizations may struggle to maintain control over where their data resides, who has access to it, and how it is being used.

    Addressing these threats requires a well-defined Mobile Device Management policy that includes security protocols, user education, and regular monitoring to safeguard sensitive information in the workplace.

    Best Practices for Mobile Device Management

    Implementing a Mobile Device Management (MDM) policy can significantly enhance the security and efficiency of mobile device usage within an organization. Here are some best practices to consider for effective MDM:

    1. Establish Clear Policies

    • Develop comprehensive MDM policies that outline the acceptable use of mobile devices, security standards, and procedures for reporting breaches. Ensure that all employees are familiar with these policies.

    2. Regular Security Audits

    • Conduct regular security assessments to identify vulnerabilities in the mobile device environment. This helps in keeping the MDM policy updated and effective against emerging threats.

    3. Device Enrollment Protocols

    • Implement strict device enrollment procedures to verify that only authorized devices are connected to the organization’s network. Use a streamlined process to make it easy for employees to enroll their devices.

    4. Enforce Strong Security Measures

    • Mandate strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and encryption for all devices. Enable remote wipe capabilities to erase data on lost or stolen devices immediately.

    5. Educate Employees

    • Offer training and resources to educate employees about mobile security threats, such as phishing attacks and malware. Empower them to recognize and report suspicious activities.

    6. Monitor Device Compliance

    • Regularly monitor devices for compliance with security policies. Use automated tools to generate reports on device status, security updates, and policy violations.

    7. Manage Applications

    • Control which applications can be installed on work devices to minimize security risks. Use allowlisting or blocklisting to manage app access effectively.

    8. Implement VPNs

    9. Backup Data Regularly

    • Regularly backup mobile device data to prevent loss in case of theft, damage, or malware attacks. Implement a reliable backup solution that employees can easily use.

    10. Review and Update Policies

    • Revisit the MDM policy periodically to incorporate feedback from employees and address new security challenges. Keeping the policy dynamic ensures it remains effective.

    By following these best practices, organizations can better protect sensitive information while empowering employees to utilize mobile technology efficiently.

    How to Create a Mobile Device Management Policy

    Creating a Mobile Device Management (MDM) policy is essential for organizations that want to safeguard their data and ensure proper usage of mobile technology within the workplace. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you create an effective MDM policy.

    1. Define the Purpose and Scope

    Start by clearly stating the objectives of the MDM policy. Define what types of mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, laptops) are covered and the scope of the policy in terms of who it affects within the organization.

    2. Conduct a Risk Assessment

    Identify potential risks associated with mobile device use in your organization. Analyze how mobile devices are used, the type of data they access, and how they connect to the corporate network. This will help to understand the vulnerabilities and specific threats that need addressing.

    3. Establish Enrollment Procedures

    Detail the process for enrolling devices into the MDM system. Specify eligibility criteria, required documentation, and the steps users need to take for device registration. Clearly outline any responsibilities for users during this process.

    4. Define Security Standards

    Outline the security measures that must be implemented on all mobile devices, including:

    • Password complexity and length requirements
    • Biometric authentication standards
    • Encryption requirements
    • Remote wipe capabilities in case of loss or theft

    5. Create Usage Policies

    Establish guidelines regarding the acceptable use of mobile devices within the organization. Include rules about:

    • Application installations (allow listing and blocklisting)
    • Internet usage
    • Distinction between personal and work-related activities

    6. Monitoring and Compliance

    Specify how compliance with the MDM policy will be monitored. Outline procedures for regular audits, reporting violations, and the consequences of non-compliance. Describe tools and techniques for monitoring device health and security status.

    7. Data Protection Measures

    Include strategies for protecting organizational data on mobile devices, such as:

    • Use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
    • Secure storage practices
    • Requirements for data encryption
    • Data backup policies

    8. Incident Management Procedures

    Develop a plan to handle security incidents involving mobile devices. Include details on:

    • Reporting protocols for lost or stolen devices
    • Steps to remediate security breaches
    • Roles and responsibilities for incident response

    9. Provide Support and Maintenance Information

    Specify how employees can get support for their mobile devices. This could include troubleshooting procedures, information on software updates, and information on hardware maintenance.

    10. Review and Update the Policy Regularly

    Set a timeline for regularly reviewing and updating the MDM policy to address emerging security threats and changes in technology. Gather feedback from employees and make adjustments as necessary to ensure the policy remains relevant and effective.

    By following these steps, organizations can create a robust Mobile Device Management policy that protects sensitive data, mitigates security risks, and establishes clear guidelines for device use within the workplace.

  • Popular Community Based Collaboration Platform in TCS

    Popular Community Based Collaboration Platform in TCS

    Discover how Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) enhances popular community based collaboration through its innovative platform designed for modern businesses. Explore the features, benefits, and success stories showcasing improved productivity and efficiency across various sectors. Learn about the future trends in community-based collaboration as TCS embraces AI, enhanced user experiences, and effective remote work solutions. Transform your team dynamics with TCS’s collaboration tools and drive your organization towards success in the digital age.

    Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) stands as a pivotal entity in the global information technology (IT) sector, acknowledged for its extensive range of services, deep industry expertise, and commitment to innovation. Established in 1968, TCS has grown to become part of the Tata Group, one of India’s largest and oldest conglomerates. With a substantial workforce and numerous global delivery centers, TCS operates across multiple sectors, providing solutions ranging from consulting to technology and business process outsourcing. As the company continues to grow, it emphasizes the significance of fostering collaboration not only within its workforce but also with its clients.

    The concept of community-based collaboration platforms has emerged as a crucial element in enhancing teamwork and ensuring effective communication. These platforms facilitate a shared workspace where employees can connect, collaborate, and innovate together, irrespective of geographic boundaries. TCS recognizes the vitality of these tools in cultivating a collaborative culture that can enhance productivity and drive business success. By integrating modern collaboration technologies, TCS empowers its employees to share knowledge freely, engage in creative problem-solving, and leverage diverse perspectives to achieve common goals.

    In today’s rapidly changing business environment, the role of collaboration tools cannot overstated. They enable seamless interaction and ideation among team members, paving the way for more efficient project management and execution. Moreover, TCS’s commitment to community-based collaboration tools stands as a testament to its proactive approach in adapting to the digital age, enhancing not only internal cooperation but also enriching client relations. By investing in advanced collaboration solutions, TCS is helping to shape a future where communication barriers are minimized, and teamwork flourishes.

    Features and Benefits of the TCS Collaboration Platform

    The TCS Collaboration Platform encompasses a myriad of features designed to enhance organizational communication and efficiency. One of the most significant features is real-time communication, which facilitates instant messaging and video conferencing. This capability ensures that teams can interact seamlessly, regardless of their geographical locations, fostering an environment of synchronous collaboration. By allowing immediate feedback and discussion, it significantly boosts the speed at which projects progress.

    Another notable feature is document sharing, which enables users to collaboratively edit, store, and share documents within a secure cloud-based environment. This functionality not only simplifies access to crucial information but also ensures that team members are always working on the most current versions of documents. Such integration minimizes errors and enhances the overall accuracy of project deliverables.

    Project management tools are also intrinsic to the TCS Collaboration Platform. These tools provide functionalities that allow teams to allocate tasks, set deadlines, and monitor progress efficiently. Users can prioritize their assignments and visualize project timelines, which aids in keeping projects on track while enhancing accountability among team members.

    The platform’s integration capabilities further distinguish it from traditional communication tools. It seamlessly connects with other software applications, allowing organizations to consolidate their tech stacks. This compatibility ensures that data can flow freely across various tools, thus streamlining workflows and reducing the complexity of managing multiple systems.

    Overall, the benefits provided by the TCS Collaboration Platform are substantial. Increased productivity emerges as teams empowered to communicate effortlessly while accessing essential resources. Improved team coherence results from enhanced communication, which nurtures collaboration and relationships among team members. Ultimately, these features synergistically contribute to achieving organizational goals, establishing TCS’s platform as an invaluable asset for modern enterprises.

    Case Studies: Success Stories from TCS’s Collaboration Platform

    Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has successfully implemented its collaboration platform across various industries, showcasing its versatility and effectiveness in addressing unique challenges. One notable case study involved a leading healthcare provider that aimed to streamline communication among its staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of TCS’s collaboration platform allowed healthcare professionals to share critical information in real-time, which was crucial for patient management. The platform’s intuitive interface and integration capabilities enabled seamless access to essential resources and patient data. As a result, the healthcare provider reported a 30% improvement in operational efficiency, significantly enhancing patient care during a challenging time.

    Another impressive example comes from the manufacturing sector, where a global automotive manufacturer faced difficulties in managing a dispersed workforce. The company adopted TCS’s collaboration platform to foster better coordination between its teams located worldwide. This solution facilitated virtual meetings, collaborative project management, and instant messaging, which proved vital in aligning production schedules and quality checks. The outcome was a 25% reduction in time-to-market for new vehicle models, highlighting the platform’s role in enhancing productivity and responsiveness in a highly competitive environment.

    Furthermore, a retail giant utilized TCS’s collaboration platform to navigate the complexities of supply chain disruptions during a global recession. By leveraging the platform’s capabilities, the company was able to communicate efficiently with suppliers, track inventory levels in real-time, and adjust its logistics strategies promptly. The successful implementation led to a remarkable 15% cost reduction in supply chain operations, illustrating the platform’s adaptability in overcoming economic challenges.

    These case studies exemplify the diverse applications of TCS’s collaboration platform across industries. They underline its effectiveness in enabling organizations to tackle specific challenges and achieve significant measurable outcomes, thereby establishing the platform as an invaluable asset in modern business operations.

    The future of community-based collaboration at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is poised for significant transformations, driven by advancements in technology and evolving work paradigms. One notable trend is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning into collaboration platforms. These technologies have the potential to enhance decision-making processes by analyzing vast amounts of data to provide insights and recommendations, thereby streamlining project management and communication among teams. TCS can leverage AI to automate routine tasks, allowing employees to focus on creative problem-solving and strategic planning, thus boosting overall productivity.

    Additionally, the design of user experiences is set to undergo a paradigm shift. Enhanced user experience (UX) design will facilitate seamless interactions among community members, making collaboration tools more intuitive and engaging. This trend will prioritize accessibility, ensuring that individuals, regardless of their technical proficiency, can participate actively in collaborative efforts. TCS’s commitment to creating an inclusive digital workspace will not only foster innovation but also encourage diverse perspectives, which are essential in problem-solving and decision-making.

    Moreover, the facilitation of remote work is another pivotal trend influencing community-based collaboration. As organizations, including TCS, embrace hybrid work models, collaboration tools will be refined to support remote teamwork effectively. Innovative technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) may play a critical role in creating immersive collaboration environments that replicate the experience of working in person. These tools could enhance team bonding and project visualization, thus bridging the gap between remote and on-site employees.

    In conclusion, the future of popular community based collaboration platform in TCS is set to be shaped by AI, enhanced user experiences, and more effective remote work solutions. These trends will redefine how teams interact, fostering a dynamic and collaborative environment that thrives amidst the digital evolution.

  • Advantages Pros and Disadvantages Cons of Cloud Computing

    Advantages Pros and Disadvantages Cons of Cloud Computing

    How to Understand the Advantages or Pros and Disadvantages or Cons of Cloud Computing. Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the Internet. Instead of running applications or storing data on a local computer or server, cloud computing allows users to access resources and services remotely through the internet.

    Exploring the Advantages or Pros and Disadvantages or Cons of Cloud Computing

    This model provides various benefits, including scalability, cost-efficiency, flexibility, and easy accessibility. Users can easily scale their resources up or down based on their needs, pay only for what they use, and access their data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection. Cloud computing has become increasingly popular due to its convenience and ability to streamline operations for individuals and businesses alike.

    Advantages Pros and Disadvantages Cons of Cloud Computing Image
    Photo by Christina Morillo from Pexels

    Advantages or Pros of Cloud Computing

    Cloud computing offers numerous advantages that have revolutionized the way individuals and businesses operate. Here are 10 key pros or advantages of cloud computing:

    Scalability:

    Cloud computing allows users to easily scale their resources up or down based on their needs. This flexibility eliminates the need for upfront investment in hardware and allows for efficient resource allocation.

    Cost-efficiency:

    Cloud computing offers cost savings by eliminating the need for expensive hardware and IT infrastructure. Users only pay for the resources and services they use, making it a more affordable option compared to traditional on-premises solutions.

    Flexibility:

    With cloud computing, users can access their data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection. This flexibility enables remote work, collaboration, and seamless access to information even when away from the office.

    Easy Accessibility:

    Cloud computing services are easily accessible to users, regardless of their location or device. This accessibility promotes productivity and allows for real-time collaboration among team members.

    Data Security:

    Cloud service providers invest heavily in advanced security measures to protect user data. By storing data in the cloud, users can benefit from the provider’s expertise in safeguarding sensitive information against threats and disasters.

    Disaster Recovery:

    Cloud computing offers robust backup and disaster recovery capabilities. By storing data in multiple remote locations, cloud providers ensure that data can be quickly recovered in case of accidents, hardware failures, or natural disasters.

    Automatic Updates:

    Cloud computing providers handle system maintenance, including updates and patches, ensuring that users always have access to the latest software and security enhancements without any manual intervention.

    Increased Collaboration:

    Cloud-based collaboration tools enable teams to work together in real-time, regardless of their geographic locations. This fosters better communication, information sharing, and productivity among team members.

    Streamlined Operations:

    Cloud computing automates various computing processes, such as software updates, data backup, and storage management. This automation frees up the IT staff’s time, enabling them to focus on more critical tasks and improving overall efficiency.

    Environmental Sustainability:

    By using cloud computing, businesses can significantly reduce their carbon footprint. Cloud infrastructure optimizes resource usage, leading to energy savings and the reduction of electronic waste associated with hardware disposal.

    These 10 advantages illustrate how cloud computing can enhance productivity, cost-efficiency, and data security for individuals and businesses alike.

    Disadvantages or Cons of Cloud Computing

    Cloud computing, while offering numerous advantages, also presents some disadvantages that individuals and businesses should consider. Here are 10 key cons or disadvantages of cloud computing:

    Dependency on Internet Connection: 

    Cloud computing heavily relies on a stable and reliable Internet connection. Any interruption in the internet service can disrupt access to data and applications, impacting productivity.

    Data Security Concerns: 

    Storing data in the cloud raises concerns about data security and privacy. Despite advanced security measures adopted by cloud providers, there is still a risk of data breaches or unauthorized access to sensitive information.

    Limited Control: 

    When using cloud services, users have limited control over the infrastructure and applications. Cloud providers manage and maintain the systems, which means users have less control over customization, updates, and configuration.

    Downtime and Service Disruptions: 

    Cloud service providers can experience outages and service disruptions, which may result in downtime for users. This can have a significant impact on business operations and productivity.

    Vendor Lock-In: 

    Migrating data and applications to the cloud involve transferring dependencies to a specific cloud provider. This can create difficulties if users want to switch to a different provider or bring services back in-house in the future.

    Costs Over Time: 

    While cloud computing can offer cost savings in the short term, it may lead to higher costs in the long run. As business needs grow or change, the monthly subscription fees and additional storage costs can accumulate.

    Limited Customization: 

    Cloud services often have limitations in terms of customization. Users may have to adapt their processes and workflows to fit the capabilities of the cloud provider’s offerings, which may not always align with their specific requirements.

    Data Transfer Bottlenecks: 

    Uploading and transferring large amounts of data to the cloud can be time-consuming and bandwidth-intensive, especially for organizations with limited internet speeds. This can hinder the migration process or lead to delays in accessing data.

    Regulatory Compliance: 

    Compliance with industry-specific regulations and data protection laws can be challenging in a cloud computing environment. Businesses need to ensure that their chosen cloud provider meets the necessary compliance standards.

    Risk of Service Termination: 

    Cloud providers can discontinue or terminate services, which can be disruptive for users. This can require businesses to quickly find alternative solutions and transfer their data and applications to a new provider.

    Despite these disadvantages, cloud computing continues to offer significant benefits for many individuals and businesses. It is crucial for users to carefully assess their specific needs and weigh the advantages against the potential disadvantages before adopting cloud solutions.

    Bottom line

    Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing users to access resources and services remotely. It offers several pros or advantages such as scalability, cost-efficiency, flexibility, easy accessibility, data security, disaster recovery, automatic updates, increased collaboration, streamlined operations, and environmental sustainability.

    However, there are also some disadvantages to consider, including dependency on the internet connection, data security concerns, limited control, downtime, vendor lock-in, cost over time, limited customization, data transfer bottlenecks, regulatory compliance, and the risk of service termination. Despite these cons, cloud computing provides significant benefits, and users should carefully evaluate their needs before adopting cloud solutions.

  • How to know Service Oriented Application Development

    How to know Service Oriented Application Development

    Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Development, is an architectural approach where application components use a collection of services that are available in a network to communicate with each other. SOA allows services to communicate either to pass data or to coordinate a movement. It is a distributed systems architecture approach that uses loosely coupled assistance, standardized interfaces, and protocols to deliver seamless cross-platform integration.

    Service Oriented Application (SOA) Development: How to be Know

    SOA allows for the integration of widely disparate components by providing a common interface and set of protocols for these components to communicate via what is known as a service bus. In business terms, SOA is an IT architecture service that supports the integration of your business as linked and repeatable business tasks or services. Also, The structural design of SOA ensures there is an alignment between the business requirements and the technological solution.

    Service-oriented architecture, or SOA, is a phase in the development or integration of applications. Also, It defines a method for making software components reusable through the use of interfaces.

    In its most basic form, SOA allows applications to take advantage of services available on the network. These services are provided through network calls over the Internet. Using common communication standards, SOA facilitates the rapid and efficient integration of services in applications.

    Each service in SOA represents a complete business function. Their services publish in a way that makes it easy for creators to build their applications using those services.

    Unlike microservice architecture, SOA allows users to integrate a large number of services from existing services to create applications.

    They encompass a collection of design principles that organize system development and supply the means for the integration of components into a cohesive and decentralized system

    SOA-based computing packages function as a collection of interoperable assistance that can integrate into various software systems belonging to different company domains.

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    Roles of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    Service Oriented Architecture make up of three main roles: Service Provider, Service Broker, Service Registry, and Service Requester/Consumer. The Service Provider is responsible for managing the service and working with the registry to decide what services to offer, like security, access, pricing, etc. They also decide which services to offer and if any trading agreements need to make. 

    The Service Broker is responsible for providing information about the service to those who request it, and the scope of the Broker determine by who implements it. The Service Consumer is responsible for finding entries in the Broker Registry and then connecting them to the Service Provider. They can access multiple services, but it depends on their ability to do so.

    Components of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    The components of an SOA are as follows:

    • The Application Frontend: Provides value to end-users by initiating and controlling all activity in the enterprise system
    • The Service: Provides a high-level software concept for the service
    • The Contract: Specifies the purpose, function, limitations, and usage of the services
    • The Interface: Provides the functionality of the service to end-users
    • The Service Implementation: Provides the necessary business logic and relevant data
    • The Business Logic: Business process represented by a service
    • The Data: Data represented by the data in the service
    • Service Repository: Represents the services and allows for the discovery of the service’s operation access right, owner, quality, etc
    • Service Bus: Flexible infrastructure for the integration of applications and services

    The Service Bus Routing message, The Transfer Protocol between Requestor and Service

    The Handling of Business Events, The Management of QoS, Security, and Interactions between Services

    Why is Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) important and what benefits?

    Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has many benefits, especially for web service-based businesses. Here are a few of the main benefits of SOA.

    • Language-neutral integration: No matter what language is being designed, the system offers and invokes benefits through a shared tool.
    • Part reuse: Once an organization builds an application component, it can offer it as a service to the rest of its organization.
    • Agility: Agility is inherent in almost every aspect of an enterprise. Whether it’s a simple algorithm, software component, solution, platform, or process, there’s a certain degree of agility in how they are built, placed, and used.
    • Operating an existing system: One of the main uses of SOA is to categorize elements or functions in current applications and open them up to the organization or business.

    Advantages of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    The main Advantages of SOA are as follows:

    • Reuse of services: Applications created from existing services, so can reuse to create many applications.
    • Ease of maintenance: Since services are independent of each other, they can easily update and modifies without impacting other services.
    • Autonomy of forum: They allow for complex applications to assemble by combining services chosen from additional sources, independently of the forum.
    • Availability: SOA facilities can easily access by anyone on request.
    • Reliability: SOA apps are more reliable because they are easier to debug small services than large codes.
    • Scalability: SOA services can run on multiple servers within the same environment, increasing scalability.

    Disadvantages of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    The main Disadvantages of SOA are as follows:

    • High overhead: All inputs square measure their validity before sending them to the service
    • Verification of input parameters: Every time services interact, it reduces performance as load and response times increase
    • High expense: They require huge investments in technology, development, and humanitarian aid. The high initial investment in SOA
    • High Service Management: Millions of messages interact in milliseconds, so SOA requires complex service management systems and high bandwidth servers

    When services interact, they send messages to tasks, The number of messages can go into millions

    Application of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    Following are the service oriented application development and applications briefly mentioned below:

    SOA is used by defense forces to provide situational awareness capabilities. For instance, the US Air Force Space Chief of Staff recently announced the launch of new space-based situational awareness capabilities.

    Healthcare Delivery

    The healthcare sector is in dire need of good information technology to stay up-to-date with the latest care and protocol developments.

    Mobile App

    In today’s world, many mobile applications use built-in functions to run their games. For instance, an app may need GPS, so it will use the built-in GPS functions on the device.

    Practical Application

    SOA can use in many different ways around us, whether we know about it or not. Many military and air forces use SOA infrastructure to provide situational awareness capability.

    Museums

    SOA helps maintain museums by providing a virtualized pool of information and content.

    Example of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    Here are a few examples of service oriented application development in action:

    • First Citizens Bank: Provides services not only to its customers but also to approximately 20 other institutions, such as check imaging and check processing; outsourced customer service; and “bank in a box” for providing community-sized banks with everything they need to operate.
    • Thomson Reuters: Provides business intelligence information to businesses and professionals and maintains a stable of approximately 4,000 services which it makes available to third-party customers.
    • McDonald: The only competitive advantage that large enterprises still have is SOA, according to the Chief Information Officers (CIOs) of Walmart, Best Buy, and McDonald’s.
    • Indian Air Force Space: Deploys the new space-based situational awareness systems on the SOA-based infrastructure.

    Cloud Computing of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

    The following service oriented application development in Cloud Computing below are;

    First, let’s be clear that Service Oriented Architecture (Saa) can work in conjunction with or independently of cloud computing. More and more companies are moving their file storage into the cloud, so it makes more sense to use both cloud computing and Saa together.

    In short, using SaaS in cloud computing means that users can quickly and easily implement services that tailor to their client’s needs “without consulting an IT department”.

    One of the drawbacks of using Saa in the cloud is that some aspects of Saa do not evaluate. For example, security and availability are often left to the service provider’s discretion.

    One of the biggest challenges that businesses face when utilizing SOA in the cloud is the integration of legacy data and systems. It is also important to remember that not every aspect of IT can outsource to the cloud and that there are still some things that must do manually.

    Service Oriented Application (SOA) Development How to be Know Image
    Service Oriented Application (SOA) Development: How to be Know; Photo by Dids.
  • Accounting Software for Small Business Essay

    Accounting Software for Small Business Essay

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Software for Small Business in Information Technology Essay. When a small business desires to apply accounting software. Then they have to stick to the traditional method of accounting. As the expense of any certified accounting software is quite high and relatively strange to many. This concept has received a big blow as these small businesses now have a selection.

    Here are the articles to explain, Accounting Software for Small Business Advantages and Disadvantages in Information Technology Essay.

    Accounting software can procure and mounted on your computer. However, with the presence of ever developing internet a consumer can locate the identical packaged application on the web and doesn’t have to download or purchase anything. I don’t matter if your company is local, national, or international any business can at present employ internet-based accounting software.

    It doesn’t depend on the size of the business you uphold. There are certain aspects of considerable importance when it comes to working online, especially with company accounts. Security is a major concern and one of the primary steps a large amount of network-based merchandise thinks for users. Web-based financial account software handles its database hub and all the records accumulated on huge network servers. Supplementary queries can raise to internet-based companies on the support of their infrastructure.

    Essay 01

    Take note of the number of web data servers preserved for backups, involuntarily or manually, backup strength must take as the primary factor after security. Everything will appear simple when consumers don’t have to consider or worry about backups any longer. Think of the number of times every year somebody has to volunteer and preserve your server, format it, and your system, or else you have to worry about it. How overwhelming that charge sounds as the accounting application and database for the company stand stored on a Personal computer or the business’s server.

    With everything available on the web, you can easily overlook any troubleshooting mishap. It is addressing certain issues as they come up for the accounting software used on the Web. Several web-based sellers have forged a plan which will give sufficient time for the maintenance of the entire system that too on weekly basis. Usually, reviving or modification stands done twice or thrice a year and users inform beforehand. Usability is marginally equivalent to 100% both day and night, daily, from any internet-accessible tool restricted by a user security system and log-on necessities.

    Essay 02

    You will have a lot of capital-saving chances while choosing a web-based system to have your data. Advisors are no more required to keep the financial accounts and every inescapable timely security update that happens in every application. An unforeseen power reserve arises when small and large businesses toggle to web-based applications. Reportedly, it stood observed that a company saved millions of dollars from power savings.

    Additional savings pile up with the exclusion of investment in resources to get the entire system equipped to go. Typically it takes around six months for a large business to mount, switch information, examine, and other tedious problems which lead to the build-up. This entire process of setting up the infrastructure is quite quick for small companies when they switch to web-based applications. The start-up time includes the conversation which happens to make the decision.

    The businesses save in arrangement and setting up of resources of the more dominant accounting structure. There are constantly straight financial requirements when a small-sized business raises or modifies its accounting method. Though, web-based deliberation stands merely used monthly and only for purposeful use of the company. This denotes that web-based software can develop with the corporation. It makes the entire infrastructure flexible and switching becomes a small headache.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Software for Small Business

    Computers together with their applications have become incorporated into man’s life. It is something that could provide you with information in a very efficient manner and could relieve you from different tasks that simply rule over your life. Well, one of the mundane tasks which people love avoiding is accounting. It could be frustrating working with figures and solving different financial problems.

    Well, if you are one of those people who are thinking about a good way how to manage accounting issues. Then making use of accounting software would be a great idea. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages that you can take if you use this kind of software:

    Ease of accessibility

    Most of the accounting programs this day are offering simple as well as easy interfaces to assist in entering the accounting data without any difficulty. Even those people with only little or no experience in accounting could feel the assurance that the data they had entered is correct. In most software applications. The data-entry points will correct or will ask you for confirmations when something appears to enter in a wrong manner. This feature of accounting software could help you in saving hours of work.

    Reports

    Most of the software programs have some functionality for reporting. It lets the business owner in reviewing the latest status of the business at any time. It could stand done by simple press and clicks. The additional flexibility of having accurate as well as reliable data could enable the user in making informed as well as educated decisions. Making quality reports is usually a job of an accountant or the owner of the business. Well, computers have already taken this role over them. Thus, it makes accounting software efficient and effective.

    Solutions

    Though accounting software could do the task of accounting in a very less as well as intimidating time, it also opened the doors for fraud. Thus, staying with a secure procedure and locking down your computer system using passwords is something essential. If you want to prevent your business from dishonest employees from stealing things from you. So, simply keep it locked all the time.

    Taxes

    At the end of the year, lots of people find themselves mixing up just to get the data to prepare their personal as well as tax returns for their business. Many people find this matter a daunting job in which they are farming out the process for a tax professional rather than dealing with it by themselves. Most accounting programs stand designed, thus the user could map up the items in an individual manner.

    As a result, the information could export to different kinds of tax software. When it stands done correctly with the setup of the software itself. The business owner could efficiently save themselves from the cost of preparing taxes every year. You can surely make your accounting job easier by making use of accounting software.

    With such, those advantages mentioned above could easily attain without taking any sort of circumstances or confusion unlike what you used to experience by using traditional accounting. Thus, what are you waiting for? Do not let yourself and your business stand left behind. Get yourself involved by simply using good accounting software and making things effective and efficient. Simply keep those benefits in mind. Using good accounting software truly values the money you spent on having it. So, what are you waiting for? Get one now.

    How do you select accounting software for your small business?

    It is extremely necessary to be certain that you acquire an approved or accepted small business accounting application. Do not rely on the most popular or used accounting software as it might not suit your needs. Therefore, it is imperative to do some research and make certain inquiries. Security is a major concern and one of the primary steps a large amount of network-based merchandise thinks for users.

    Web-based financial account software handles its database hub and all the records stand accumulated on huge network servers. Supplementary queries can raise to internet-based companies on the support of their infrastructure. There are several essential aspects to reflect on, which can help in getting the assurance that you have the precise selection to suit your company’s requirements.

    Primarily

    When it comes to selecting the exact company accounting software, meet a specialized and knowledgeable accountant whom you can rely upon. Many times, the accountant is conscious of fiscal managing software that is vital for your company.

    Secondly

    The volume of your commerce when it is down to yearly sales is an important thing to think about selecting the correct company accounting software. The intensity of support while purchasing software will count and make a note that you will need this continuing support after accomplishment. These are essential in selecting the exact business accounting application. You may misguidedly purchase software that will require patches and improvements exactly following your acquisition of the business accounting software. This kind of software will not be able to cope with your budding business developments.

    There is also an option of either acquiring permanent and reactive software or web-based accounting systems that can accustom and arrange to particular or varying requirements. Take note of the number of web data servers preserved for backups, involuntarily or manually, backup strength must take as the primary factor after security. Everything will appear simple when consumers don’t have to consider or worry about backups any longer. Think of the number of times every year somebody has to volunteer and preserve your server, format it, and your system, or else you have to worry about it.

    How overwhelming that charge sounds as the accounting application and database for the company are stored on a Personal computer or the business’s server. Irrespective of the strength of your company, you must choose a system that can revolve itself on a timely basis along with the company. When your business expands your accounts also grow in the same magnitude, it is directly proportional to each other. You must select a robust system that can offer you much space. And I do not favor repeated switching of accounting software.

    Finally

    In the selection of precise commerce accounting software, you should ensure that it is uncomplicated and dependable. Straightforwardness and consistency are all you require for any web-based accounting or business software. As web-based systems can effortlessly bend to the exact purposes and alterations in your corporation. These straightforward points and techniques will assist you to discover the exact and suitable business accounting software or web-based commerce system for your trade.

    In summing up, online software saves time and straight operating expenses for a business, small, medium, and large. The requirement for experts is almost eradicated; improvements and mechanical difficulties. The system is managed by web-based business technical support. Bookkeeping utilities are with no trouble introduced to your pact-based online system. As the means of trailing accounts augments with the ever-expanding business.

    Think wisely and you choose accounting software for your small business

    It is very important to know what kind of accounting system you want. This plays a great role as you have to have an eye for the future. Many factors play a vital role in the selection of accounting software. We tend to overlook certain small but significant factors which describe the efficiency of the software. You will certainly at some point in time rely on definite support. But you must do your homework as it is a matter of your company’s accounts.

    Accounts or financial data show the performance and growth of a company. This information has to be preserved securely as it holds all the secrets of a company. Hence, for a company’s head or owner, it is important to choose specific software which proffers you space, solidity, and consistency.

    Starting with selection

    It is a headache if you do not belong to the accounting or commerce fraternity. It does not matter; all you need to do is to know your requirements. To do so, you will need to discuss this with your accounting team. Don does not rely on famous and popular accounting software and you should confirm that it fulfills your needs. Have a meeting or meetings and try to bring up a list of requirements. In that case, you must check the following points

    Security

    Yes, when it comes to accounts it is never safe to rely on something you don’t know. Bugs are common in software and any bug can kill your entire annual history. However, if anyone has all your accounting data then you might have to face prolonged nightmares. So, talk to your team and verify the software to check its reliability. If the software is secured then around 50% of your problem is solved.

    Requirements

    Yes, you will need to check the requirements such as the resources it needs to initiate. A huge software can ask for millions of dollars of resources and infrastructure. A large company usually takes around six to seven months to set up its system. So, you need to verify certain aspects such as resource requirements. In this section, backup plays an important point so; you must check that aspect too. System shutdown and power failure are common happenings.

    Flexibility

    Rather than the usability of the system plays an important role. Irrespective of the strength of your company, you must choose a system that can revolve itself on a timely basis along with the company. When your business expands your accounts also grow in the same magnitude, it is directly proportional to each other. You must select a robust system that can offer you much space. And I do not favor repeated switching of accounting software. Hence, this is a major point to look for in the accounting business system. If you can get hold of such factors and comprise it into your software then you are on the correct track. Software needs to have proper security which encloses the reliability factor.

    Then, accounting software must have all the resources to offer any kind of backup if any power mishap or system crashes. Finally, all you need is the flexibility of switching whenever needed. The software has updates and versions, so make sure that you have the latest version. As your company will grow your accounts will expand too, thus, you must take note of that. Irrespective of your company’s magnitude, small, mid-sized, or large, you must look for such attributes when it comes to accounting business software. In the end, you will have two choices, either desktop base software or online software. Think wisely and choose.

    Reference;

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    Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Software for Small Business in Information Technology Essay
  • IT Professionalism in Information Technology Essay

    IT Professionalism in Information Technology Essay

    IT Professionalism may consider behaving appropriately and adhering to accepted principles and practices. It is not only vital in the field of Information Technology but it is also very important in other fields. Some of the key aspects of IT Professionalism are competence in IT, knowledge, various skills such as soft skills, ethical behavior, and certification.

    Here are the articles to explain, What is IT Professionalism in Information Technology Essay?

    Professionalism and ethics must stand taught and practiced at the secondary level of schooling. Professionalism requires not only in the field of Information Technology but also in other fields to bring about reputation, and ethical behavior and add value to any organization.

    This paper discusses IT Professionalism and Ethics and how professionalism is applicable in the IT industry. What are the qualities of HR professionalism? With the help of class discussions, case studies, and literature reviews, ethics, and professionalism in IT and other fields discuss. In this essay, an effort has stood made to answer some of the questions below:

    • Why IT professionalism is needed and why is it important?
    • What is ethics?
    • Why Ethics is needed?
    • Role of ethics in Information Technology
    • What does IT Professionalism perform?
    • Qualifications of an IT Professionalism

    Discussion;

    IT professionals should not only have good technical knowledge and experience but also have the right attitude with good soft skills such as communication, interpersonal, analytical, statistical, managerial, leadership skills, etc.

    Nowadays, businesses require professionalism to provide the best quality service to the customers and to satisfy their requirements. Effects of Minimum Wage on Employment; Professionalism also provides a platform for ethical trade. Also, It greatly increases profits, productivity, and high market value in an organization. It greatly benefits the individuals who follow it and impacts society positively.

    Let us look at some of the qualities which describe a professional;

    • Trustworthiness: Professional trusts himself in whatever he does and trusts other people.
    • Honesty: Professional is honest when working and follows the right code of conduct.
    • Punctuality: It is one of the most important aspects of professionalism.
    • Responsibility: Professional is responsible for his work and handles work effectively.
    • Leadership: Also, the Professional has good leadership skills and is a good team player.
    • Confidentiality: Maintains confidentiality of information in an organization.
    • Competency: Professional is technically competent in his field.

    What is Ethics?

    Ethics may consider as regulations that differentiate between right and wrong. It also aims to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

    Why Ethics is needed?

    Ethics helps people to respect and value themselves as well as others. It is based on core values such as Trust, simplicity, integrity, excellence, success, and reputation. Also, Ethics in an organization helps in retaining talent and minimizes the attrition rate of jobs. It aims to improve profits and increase productivity among the employees in an organization.

    Why IT professionalism is needed and why is it important?

    • To enhance the growth and add value to an organization.
    • It helps to provide better services to clients
    • It increases trust between employers and employees within an organization
    • Create the company’s brand value
    • Also, IT professionalism forms the pillar of the company’s own vision and mission
    • It improves customer satisfaction

    “They should be aware of the various types of educational programs, different job titles and functions, and some aspects of the employment supply and demand. Also, They should be aware of the need for each computing worker to have professional responsibility for their work, and an awareness of the importance of appropriate ethical behavior in the group. They must also have an awareness of the impact of information technology on society as a whole and individuals, and prepared to handle a variety of issues arising in the workplace.”

    Role of Ethics and Professionalism in Information Technology;

    IT has modernized the living standards of mankind. In IT, professionalism plays a major role in bringing changes to an organization and humanity. Technology can stand used as a benefit or for destruction. Ethics play a major role in determining the right use of technology. There is a very fine line between professional and non-professional. Also, IT professionals must have a proper code of conduct, the right attitude, and good moral values and should not misuse the technology.

    Nowadays, due to the rapid advancement in technology, there has been widespread misuse of technology. With the rise of the Internet, there has been unethical and unprofessional behavior which has led to severe problems such as computer viruses, Spamming, and hacking. In IT education, ethics should stand taught and allowed to practice in all schools and institutions. Students must stand made aware of the consequences which result due to unethical behavior.

    It is in the early stage that these values should inculcate within them which will lead a long way later in life. There has been an increase in cybercrimes due to the misuse of the Internet. Many a time, students are unaware of ethics and professional behavior. Professionalism must be strictly followed in schools and institutions and should practice at an earlier stage. In universities, plagiarism is unethical. Copying others’ ideas and work, without proper acknowledgment ent to the original author is unfair and severe action observed and implemented.

    Case Study and personal experience;

    Personally, it has been a wonderful learning experience studying the importance and role of ethics and professionalism in IT. As goes the famous quote, “Character, not circumstances, makes the man”. Booker T. Washington, professionalism and ethics help in making use of science and technology for noble purposes.

    In our case study, we discussed non-professional behavior and some of the reasons causing it. Non-professional behavior mainly results due to a lack of ethics and a lack of soft skills.

    Let us look at some of the differences between it professional and non-professional

    Professional;

    • Has self respect and treats others with respect
    • Has honesty and performs his/her duties
    • Responsible and dedicated to work
    • Skilled, knowledgeable, and experience
    • Team player and has good management skills
    • Good communicator
    • The right attitude and sound character

    Non-professional;

    • Does not respect others
    • Lacks honesty and does not perform his duties
    • Not responsible or dedicated
    • Lack of knowledge, skills, and experience
    • Not a team player and lacks management skills
    • Not a good communicator
    • Does not have the right attitude, bad character

    “The difference between a professional person and a technician is that a technician knows everything about his job except its ultimate purpose and his place in the scheme of things”.

    An example of unethical behavior in an organization;

    If an employee in an organization fails to follow the right code of conduct and does not follow ethics, he/she will penalize. An individual will not be successful in his field if he does not have moral values.

    An example of how the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima was completely unethical. Also, People were not educated about the danger and the extent of damage that would be caused by atomic bombs. Had they been imparted proper knowledge and safety measures during the war, many peoples’ lives would have been saved.

    What does IT Professionalism perform?

    IT, assumed message mentions technology, indicates the transfer or adjunct use of information through computers or computer systems. Also, IT professionals reach several substitute tasks. They are the people who test, construct, install, repair, or call off the hardware and software-related past technical computer systems in one or more locations. Some companies will hire several IT professionals throughout the world to retain their broad range of networks of computer systems.

    The natural world of the internet allows IT professionals to realize their jobs from any location. But in deferential instances, bearing in mind behind there is a hardware business, the IT person will dependent on physically bending the damaged system. Once an IT professional stands employed, they will for eternity be acquiring calculation IT skills and training. This is because not all companies that IT professionals assist with will use one coding language, one full of zip system, one database tool, or one methodology.

    Qualifications of an IT Professionalism;

    What an IT professional does can be hard and requires a significant level of knowledge and gaining. However, an art school degree is not always a necessary qualification. Many IT professionals realize in the mean of fact earning degrees from universities and colleges is a habit to combine their likelihood of securing a huge job. There are many various types of IT professionals that exist. Each type focuses upon well along than one element of computer system analysis or child allocation.

    For example, a programmer is an IT professional who creates computer platforms and programs by writing computer code. This particular position of view is often entre-level, but senior programmers bow to upon more answerability as they shape happening. These responsibilities append brute in the fighting off their teams and fixing a damaged program or one that isn’t full of zipping properly.

    How does IT professionalism apply to me?

    IT professionalism helps me to advance in the IT industry and I aspire to become a network support engineer. To be a professional in the networking field, developing a career development plan is useful. As change is rapid in the IT industry, I need to constantly update my skills and knowledge to be proficient and successful. Also, Certifications play a major role in the IT industry, and by proper planning and management of daily activities, I will be able to obtain higher certifications and get hands-on experience in the networking field.

    Network professionals provide and enforce the security of confidential information over the Internet. They must adhere to ethics when performing their duties and also provide suitable advice to fellow employees or clients.

    • Some of the important guidelines and practices for network professionals
    • Also, Technical expertise and knowledge
    • Confidentiality to maintain within an organization and with clients
    • Following proper ethical codes
    • Adherence to principles and practices

    Conclusion;

    In the present world, the role of an IT professional is vital. IT professionalism is not just about acquiring skills, knowledge, experience, and certifications but also giving equal importance to core moral values, principles, and ethical behavior. This will have a huge impact on one’s personal life brings about positive changes in an organization and benefit society. A true professional is a combination of excellent knowledge and skills with fine character and virtues.

    Government and organizations must promote IT professionalism and penalize the employees or workers who do not follow it. Also, Professionalism and ethics are clearly defined in other professions such as doctors, advocates, engineers, etc. IT professionalism is more concerned with technical skills, knowledge, expertise, and certifications, and no clear guidelines on ethical behavior are defined. Professionalism is best learned when one practice than by merely studying it.

    IT Professionalism in Information Technology Essay Image
    IT Professionalism in Information Technology Essay; Image by Pexels from Pixabay.
  • You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business

    You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business

    Why Do You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business? As Cloud technology keeps improving, there will be more services that businesses can take leverage to improve themselves as well. The world has seen a rise in Digital Entrepreneurs who are creating amazing types of startups.

    Here are the articles to explain, You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business!

    Worldwide we have the examples of Airbnb, Uber, Rappi, and plenty of more digital services that are changing the way we live. But how is it that these online businesses are reaching out to every corner of the world; and how they are serving almost the whole globe and can keep up with the huge amount of data that they are collecting?

    Artificial Intelligence in customer service;

    There is no secret that new technologies; such as artificial intelligence, are being applied in online businesses to improve their processes that enhance the quality of their products. 

    It seems that it is already past the old days when businesses needed hundreds of customer service agents. Now, businesses are being supported with answering machines; that use text to speech software to generate audios that respond automatically to frequent questions. The advantages are being seen by companies that reduce the amount of time invested in customer support. 

    Artificial intelligence is still not perfect for sure; but, its applications are improving as time passes, and so is its quality of them. 

    As well, the use of Chatbots is existing implemented on websites and apps; for the customers who prefer to answer by the text. Chatbots are also trending, thanks to the ease of use and benefits that they are bringing to customer services.

    Chatbots do not need to have a monotone talk with the customer; they can also configure to have a more dynamic conversation that can easily retain customers or convert new ones.

    Artificial Intelligence translates your content;

    When Digital entrepreneurs aim to grow their businesses by expanding their services internationally; the capacity of speaking and writing in other languages has also been necessary. 

    Of course not all digital teams might have the resources to hire external translators; therefore using the best transcription software that stands enhanced; with artificial intelligence has become a lower-cost alternative to the paperwork that has to be in a different language. 

    Translations have become less awkward, and have improved their quality also thanks to the combination of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Especially, the users of the best WordPress translation plugins are seeing a quality improvement in their content and global expansion thanks to the support of artificial intelligence. 

    Artificial Intelligence analyzes you;

    And so we now talk about how Big Data is a thing in businesses. When companies are registering millions of transactions every second; then how to cope with the analysis and find key indicators to improve the business.

    Artificial intelligence is now existing used for critical management tasks; that can help senior management to take decisions based on deep analysis.

    Business intelligence stands supported by technology, and decisions are existing made thanks to the correct patterns and forecasts that artificial intelligence is doing.

    As well, data visualization is helping digital entrepreneurs easily spot opportunities to keep growing their business.

    You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business Image
    You Need Artificial Intelligence Benefits for your Online Business; Image by Tung Nguyen from Pixabay.
  • Object Oriented Database Features Reusability Programming

    Object Oriented Database Features Reusability Programming

    In latest years, pc software Object Oriented Database program is the single and unconvertible most vital generation in the global. Software builders have constantly tried to increase new technologies because of the developing importance of computer software. These traits, a number of them focused on a generation domain i.E. Object-oriented database gadget/programming. Metrics are hard to collect and won’t degree the supposed first-rate measures of software.

    Here is the article to explain, How to define the Features and Reusability of Object Oriented Database Programming?

    As the name shows, Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs database refers to languages that use items in programming. Object-oriented programming ambitions to put into effect real-global entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, and many others in programming. The major aim of OOP is to bind together the statistics and the functions that operate on them so that no different part of the code can get entry to this data except that function.

    OOPs, Concepts:

    • Class
    • Objects
    • Data Abstraction
    • Encapsulation
    • Inheritance
    • Polymorphism
    • Dynamic Binding
    • Message Passing

    What does the meaning of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

    The following mission honestly explains the descriptions of the features and characteristics of the features of object-oriented programming. There are twelve concepts of oop which might state under. Object-orientated programming is one of the most modern and maximum effective paradigms. Furthermore, the Object-Oriented database mentions the programming method based on the gadgets, in its vicinity of just strategies and features. These gadgets are deliberate into lessons, which might permit the man or woman gadgets to the group. Modern programming languages containing Java, PHP, and C or C++ exist as object-oriented languages The “object” in an Object-Oriented Programing language discusses an instance or particular type, of magnificence.

    Every object has a structure related to other gadgets within the magnificence, but it can allocate man or woman capabilities. An item also can call a method or feature, specific to that item. Individual characters are can define as objects, in step with the item which permits them to have one-of-a-kind abilities, appearances, and skills. Also, Object-orientated database programming makes it simpler for programmers to design and organize software program packages. The critical features which might be assisting to design the item-oriented programming and layout given underneath:

    • Development over the designed programming paradigm.
    • Importance of data instead of algorithms.
    • Also, the Procedural abstraction perfects through information abstraction.
    • Data and associated techniques are unified, grouping items with no unusual attributes, operations, and semantics.

    Empirical validation is a must to verify the usefulness of a metric in practical applications.

    Software Engineering;

    Software engineering started with a humble beginning and also it has slowly come into a lifestyle. Now, software engineering is an exceptional technique for software program troubles. Most programmers/developers view software engineering as an engineering technique to grow the software program.

    Software Measurement;

    “If you may not measure it’s not Engineering community” – is a not unusual quote by the engineering community. Measurement is the premise for all technology and engineering. Good measurements are necessary for a successful technique. Software dimension remains notably much less than most desirable in phrases of dimension techniques and the volume and also reliability of published information.

    Software measurement plays an important role in finding the quality and reliability of software products. The measurement activities require appropriate tools to calculate relevant metric values. At present large number of metric tools are available for software measurement. Also, The main objective of this article is to find the reusability of interfaces in object-oriented programming.

    MEASUREMENTS AND METRICS;

    Measurement is the technology that allows the software professional to make visible progress in improving the software-related factors. Measurement is not only a performance factor that leads to behavioral changes but is used to improve the factors that are being measured. It is a clear note that measurement is necessary for the software development process to be successful.

    Traditional Metrics;

    Since 1976 traditional metrics have been used in software measures for measuring the software complexity. Nowadays, a large number of software metrics have been proposed to measure effort and quality. Also, Traditional metrics are important to measure non-object-oriented programs. Metrics are used as a controlling method in development and to measure either the process of development or various aspects of the product. Traditional metrics stand used to measure the complexity of the program and the comment percentage of the program.

    Object-Oriented Programming and Metrics;

    Object-oriented database software is a more recent and important quality software than the old-style procedural software/program. With the widespread object-oriented technology, the subject of software engineering has received much attention over the last two decades. Also, Object-oriented design and development are very important and popular concepts in today’s development environment. Object-oriented design and development require a different approach to design, implementation, and software metrics compared to a standard set of metrics.

    Metrics are essential to measuring object-oriented software programming. The development of software metrics for object-oriented technology/programming has received more attention. A large number of metrics have existed developed by researchers and numerous tools are available to help assess design quality and to collect metrics from software programs, designs, quality, maintenance, etc.

    Many object-oriented metrics proposed in the literature survey lack theoretical proof and some have not existed validated. Also, The metrics that evaluate the object-oriented programming concepts are methods, classes, coupling, and cohesion. Very few metrics exist presented for object-oriented interfaces. In this article, a measurement has existed proposed to calculate the reusability of interfaces in object-oriented programming.

    OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACES;

    The concept of an interface is old. Software engineering has been using interfaces for more than 25 years. Nowadays interfaces exist heavily used in all disciplines, especially in object-oriented programming. With interface construct, object-oriented programming features a good concept with high potential code reusability. Interfaces exist used to organize code and provide a solid boundary between the different levels of abstraction.

    It is good to use interfaces in a large type of applications because interfaces make the software/program easier to extend, modify and integrate new features. An interface is a prototype for a class. With the construct of an interface, java allows a concept of high potential for producing reusable code.

    Interfaces in object-oriented programming just contain names and signatures of methods and attributes, but no method implementations. Interfaces exist implemented by classes. The inheritance hierarchy of interfaces is independent of that of the class inheritance tree. Therefore object-oriented languages like java give a higher potential to produce reusable code than abstract classes.

    REUSABILITY;

    Reusability is always an interesting topic with shining promise. Reusable code is an effective combination of two concepts.

    1. Properly defined interface definitions, and.
    2. Efficiently defined class structure and inheritance.

    In this essay, the authors followed the first concept of reusability and measured the metric for interface reusability by giving a new formula. One benefit of defining an interface is that every class that implements an interface must be in line with the interface’s functional requirements. A large amount of code sharing occurs within each implementation class. Based on the class structure designed at the development time the implementation classes exist organized according to their interface group type and inheritance allowed to access common logic.

    Reusability is an important factor for the software community people because it is the ability to reuse several software artifacts in terms of requirements, architecture, plans, cost estimates, designs, source code, data elements, interfaces, screens, user manuals, test plans, and test cases. Software reusability is an experimental one under the impact of new tools and programming languages. The measurement of software/programs and also the software development process is much needed for software professionals attempting to improve their software process. Reusability of software increases productivity and quality and reduces the cost. So in this essay, the reusability stands measured for object-oriented programming interfaces using the new formula.

    BACKGROUND SUPPORT & PROPOSED APPROACH;

    Measurement is not just a software activity. Furthermore, A good measurement process is an effective method for demonstrating new tools and process improvements. An accurate measurement is a prerequisite process for all engineering disciplines and software engineering is not an exceptional one for calculating accurate results. There is no significant work on the design of human-computer interfaces. In literature, relatively little information has been published on metrics. Those metrics would provide limited insight into the quality and usability of the interface.

    So the proposed approach is to derive a formula for calculating the reusability of interfaces accurately. A deeper interface in the hierarchy leads to greater reusability of inherited methods. When the depth of inheritance (DIT) of an interface increases the reusability of an interface also increases. So DIT of an interface has a positive impact on the reusability of an interface. The reusability of interfaces is calculated in the following two ways:

    1. The reusability of interfaces is calculated by using the formula:

    (RI) = Total No. of links to interfaces – No. of interfaces.

    RI – Total Reusability of interface diagram.

    1. The reusability of interfaces in a diagram is calculated by using the formula:-

    Total Reusability of a diagram:

    RI = R (I1) + R (I2) +….R (In);

    R- Reusability and I1…..In are Interfaces

    In each diagram, the reusability of an interface is calculated by using the formula and all interface reusability must be added to find the total reusability of the interface diagram. Furthermore, In both ways i.e. according to formulas 1 and 2 the values are equal. This is shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

    EMPIRICAL STUDY;

    To validate the formula empirically three object-oriented diagrams stand used to calculate the values for the reusability of an interface for each diagram. The figure shows an object-oriented design diagram that shapes interfaces. Furthermore, The table shows the values of reusability of each interface and the total reusability of interfaces using the above formula.

    REUSABILITY OF INTERFACES FOR SHAPES

    RI = Total Reusability of a diagram

    L-I = Reusability of an interface

    I=1 since reusability is calculated for each interface. No. of interfaces = 1.

    In the above table, 1 RI is calculated by using the formula 1 and 2.

    VALUES OF INTERFACE REUSABILITY

    CONCLUSION;

    Many simplistic metrics do not capture the importance of whatever it is that it has to measure. Furthermore, many developers and software engineers are experiencing the benefits and uses of reusability in the completion of the project within the time and cost. Many other programmers and developers believe that software reuse will help in reducing costs and also provide other benefits to software development. Object-oriented programming software is more reusable than functionally decomposed software.

    Software reuse increases the production and quality of software and also reduces software development costs and time. Reusability is an attribute of software quality. By measuring reusability we can measure software quality. The authors have proposed a new metric to measure the reusability of interfaces in object-oriented programming. As software is existing developed, it is very good and important to keep an eye on the various parameters. The authors used three UML object-oriented diagrams to validate the formula. Hence, this approach is an eye-opener to measuring the reusability of the interface diagram.

    Object Oriented Database Features Reusability Programming Image
    Object Oriented Database Features Reusability Programming; Image by Innova Labs from Pixabay.
  • Advantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)

    Advantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? IT outsourcing entails attracting a 3rd-party celebration enterprise to perform sure tech-based tasks that would in any other case executed onshore. Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) is the exercise of using external resources by subcontracting a few or all of the statistics era (IT) functions required by using an enterprise. These features can include infrastructure, software development, directing method, upkeep, walking the provider table, and different functions.

    Here is the article to explain, How to define the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)?

    What are the advantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? Outsourcing has existed confirmed to enhance IT integration and offer a lot greater blessings. Let’s dive into the advantages of statistics era outsourcing and the services you can outsource from an outside supplier.

    Reduced value;

    The recruitment and training procedure in your IT workforce can be very high-priced. Not to mention, there are overhead charges that you may now not be capable of estimating successfully at the hiring level. Outsourcing lets you focus your human resources wherein you need them and while you need them most.

    The reduced fee is at the pinnacle of the fundamental motives why businesses outsource IT capabilities. It opens doors to low-priced exertions costs, inexpensive infrastructure, and tax blessings replying to your area.

    Access to global expertise;

    There is probably an absence of assets to your united states of America foundation, however, they may be in abundance someplace else. Global IT outsourcing lets companies discover assets and the proper people in exclusive components of the arena. Offshore outsourcing permits you to reach trained specialists that you can’t discover or are too expensive locally.

    Time financial savings;

    When you group up with a reputable outsourcing seller, your in-house personnel don’t have to do the legwork of your IT features—which could soak up an excessive amount of time without work in their unique duties. Your service provider will deal with that for you.

    By liberating your employees of IT duties that aren’t part of their task description, they could use their strength as an alternative to enhance their understanding. If you have got more time to spend on your middle operations, the advantage of outsourcing IT offerings will also grow exponentially.

    Ability to upscale fast;

    IT outsourcing lessons, if no longer gets rid of, the need to spend money on in-house information and on-website infrastructure. Especially for startups and small agencies, this may help awareness of manpower and assets to attain business dreams.

    Uninterrupted workflow;

    Outsourcing your IT builds a tremendous degree of consistency to your enterprise. There’s no need to worry approximately seeking out replacements whilst your builders depart. Your outsourcing companion will assign duties to an outsourced team of specialists with consistent availability. Your enterprise won’t leave out any sale possibilities and also feature smoother operations.

    What are the disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? Disadvantages to IT outsourcing consist of:

    Language limitations;

    Often, IT outsourcing organizations operate in the diffusion of nations. Furthermore, Language limitations could make a working court hard; while a clear clarification of trouble or answer requires, each worker and vendor are laid low with unclear conversation.

    Time region differences;

    Different time zones add every other barrier to communique and coordination; however, they may additionally affect how speedy the IT outsourcing companion can reply to outages or capability cyberattacks if group participants aren’t constantly available to mitigate threats.

    Decreased great;

    Unless an enterprise invests quite a little time in screening capability IT outsourcing companies, IT service nice may work down. Not all outsourcing events offer wonderful services and also being trapped in a cycle of purchasing insufficient work wastes money and time.

    Compliance threats;

    A business’s compliance stance depends on its third events as properly; every single supplier it works with could make a commercial enterprise non-compliant if it breaks any part of the GDPR or different regulations.

    Security;

    Exposing any internal structures or information to 0.33 parties poses a danger. If any of their networks or devices exist misconfigured or unsecured, the enterprise working with them endanger as well.

    To lower the possibilities of finding their commercial enterprise in a terrible outsourcing situation, establishments should cautiously vet capacity IT companies, inclusive of getting to know their history with other customers and giving them 1/3-party celebration hazard and compliance tests.

    Benefits from Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO);

    Offshore outsourcing holds greater blessings than dangers with:

    • IT outsourcing to India helps to leverage immensely clever, professional, and dedicated assets at decreased labor.
    • Also, Opportunity to amplify carrier stages beyond every day.
    • 24/7 Productivity has given rise to the “worldwide shipping device” where improvement, especially, might be accomplished across the clock or “overnight” in a collaborative model.
    • Furthermore, the Choice of accepted providers indicates that nice practices are applied which should bring about accelerated greatly of service.
    • Best-of-breed technology followed by using high-quality practices has to decrease the latency on time-to-market.

    The futures of Information Technology (IT) Outsourcing;

    • With the right crew of experts, IT systems innovate how individuals and groups operate.
    • Software applications have become greater correct and also updated to help guide groups to deliver terrific customer service. Database and content control systems improve the security of client facts.
    • It has been very obtrusive that for many years, the development of technology has equipped all industries. Although they provide an insurmountable amount of assistance in handing over purchaser answers, this technology can be a first-rate fee.
    • But with the help of facts technology outsourcing, agencies can effortlessly attain opportunities for better staffing, faster upscaling, and smarter pricing.
    • Also, In a swiftly evolving market, the future of data era outsourcing can most effectively get higher.
    What are the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) Image
    What are the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay.
  • What is the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)?

    What is the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)?

    Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) will continue to have a major impact on all organizations and could over time more and more grow to be a crucial part of the organization’s strategy. Various elements within the metamorphosis of ITO might exist blanketed however now not always special.

    Here is the article to explains, How to define Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)?

    ITO has to grow to be an international phenomenon. Globalization with a few distinct drivers in technology evolution has reshaped the marketplace and given an upward thrust to the arrival of the digital age. A sustainable competitive enterprise method will want to embody this opportunity and will want to are seeking enablers to exploit it. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? IT, by the internet and broadband communications, particularly, allows an organization to fulfill this need. Further lower prices of communication, the boom in broadband capability, and web collaborations boost the technique.

    What does the meaning of Information technology (IT) outsourcing?

    Information technology (IT) outsourcing is an organizational approach of hiring 1/3-party service vendors to address the IT-associated methods of your organization. Its features encompass software improvement, infrastructure answers, technical customer support guides, and facts analytics. Most companies outsource these obligations to lessen fees, access to higher skills and simplify upscaling. IT outsourcing is the usage of external carrier vendors to successfully supply IT-enabled enterprise strategies, utility offerings, and infrastructure answers for business outcomes.

    Outsourcing, which also includes software services, software programs as a service, and cloud-enabled outsourcing, allows clients to develop the proper sourcing techniques and vision, pick out the right IT service carriers, shape the first-class possible contracts, and govern deals for sustainable win-win relationships with outside companies. Outsourcing can enable firms to lessen costs, accelerate time to market, and take benefit of outside know-how, assets, and/or intellectual property.

    Definitions of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO);

    Outsourcing has variously existed defined by scholars in the Information Systems (IS) literature as follows:

    1. “The significant contribution of external suppliers in the physical and/or human resources associated with the entire or specific component of the IT infrastructure in the user organization”.
    2. “Outsourcing occurs when third-party vendors are responsible for managing the Information Technology components on behalf of their clients. IT Outsourcing means handing over the management of some or all of an organization’s information technology (IT), systems (IS), and related services to a third party”.
    3. “…business practice in which a company contracts all or part of its information systems operations to one or more outside information service suppliers”
    4. “Outsourcing is the handover of an activity to an external supplier. It is an alternative to internal production”
    5. “IS sourcing” is the organizational arrangement instituted for obtaining IS services and the management of resources and activities required for producing these services.

    Therefore outsourcing involves the transfer of the responsibility for carrying out an activity (previously carried on internally) to an external service provider against agreed service levels at an agreed charge.

    Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) History;

    ITO has received great attention from scholars and researchers since the mid-1990. But, it’s been around for a while as per the examples below:

    • 1963 – Electronic Data Systems (EDS under Ross Perot) signs an agreement with Blue Cross for the handling of its data processing services.
    • In the mid-1980s – EDS signed contracts with Continental Airlines, First City Bank, and Enron.
    • 1989 – Kodak outsources its IS function to IBM, DEC & Businessland (“Kodak Effect”) being the most notable example.
    • More recent developments (Kern and Willcocks 2000, Ross and Westerman 2004, Kishore 2003, Kaiser 2004, Lander 2004, IBM 2004, Smith and McKeen 2004), suggest motivation is more strategic to improve the business’ competitive advantage.
    • It’s clear that ITO is not quite a new phenomenon but is increasingly more prominent in this era where it is prevalent in almost every facet of the business. The industry evolved from a monolithic mainframe to pervasive computing.
    • A survey of the London Stock Exchange FTSE Index over three years found a generally positive relationship between high levels of outsourcing and enhanced stock market performance.
    Reasons for outsourcing;

    Organizations adopt ITO for various reasons. The ever-dynamic evolution within the IT sector grants great opportunities to businesses. The following reasons were invariably most common as per numerous surveys done and researched globally:

    Cost reduction;

    This has been the foremost reason to outsource as senior executives only view the IT function as a non-core activity and a necessary cost to minimize. Economic pressures are also external factors that lead to the advent of ITO. Lacity and Willcocks explain that cost savings are no longer a major reason for outsourcing.

    Focus on core competency;

    Business deems IT as a cost center and excludes it from their core strategy. With increased shareholder demands organizations feel they need to refocus on broader business issues other than technology. Organizations place more focus on their “core competency” business.

    Access to specialist expertise and technology;

    Highly skilled labor comes at a cost and also technology is also not readily available. ITO is not only for cost savings but as a tool for utilizing state-of-the-art expertise and technology through their service providers.

    However, of late, companies with strong IT capabilities, such as IBM, Microsoft, and SUN, are also outsourcing some of their IT functions to concentrate on their core responsibilities and reduce costs to economies of scale.

    Decision Making;

    In the past, organizations used frameworks and models as guidelines for assessing their current state and determining future strategic actions. More organizations are considering ITO as part of their strategic thinking. Organizations use ITO as a method to reduce costs and achieve efficiency and flexibility. But, many don’t realize the benefits due to bad decision-making.

    ITO decision-making is a process and requires scrutiny before the existing finalize. ITO decision-making process addresses a wide range of issues, such as economic (eg., financial feasibility), technological, and political. This process starts with an in-house assessment of the IT capabilities which should highlight management activities that can potentially outsource.

    SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats) analysis could use to substantiate the need to whether ITO can use to negate those threats and weaknesses or whether it is necessary to explore ITO. The facts gathered should include a baseline and evaluation of the current environment. Which should exist made available for executive management approval.

    Knowledge within the strategic decision at this higher level can thus be descriptive (know-what), procedural (know-how), or reasoning (know-why). Case studies within surveys conducted by M.C.Lacity, L.P.Willcocks, and D.F.Feeny published in the Sloan Management Review summarize the ITO process. The abovementioned reasons were most common in their samples.

    Scope of sourcing;

    Sourcing exists often referred to in IT literature as outsourcing. The research delineates four categories of sourcing:

    • Total outsourcing is where all IT activities including assets and management become the responsibility of a third-party vendor.
    • Total insourcing refers to the in-house management of IT activities where external or internal staff stands used with the buying in of the vendor resources to meet a temporary need. Vendor resources exist only used to supplement the internally managed teams.
    • Selective sourcing locates selected IT activities to vendors. While the customer remained responsible for delivering the result and will exist held accountable.
    • De facto insourcing uses internal IT departments to provide products and services that arise from historical precedent. Rather than from a reasoned evaluation of the IT service market.
    Considerations of sourcing;

    A critical review of the above categories found that the all-or-nothing approach ( total outsourcing) characterized by long-term (5 years or more) deals can lead to trouble after a few years as exemplified in the case studies due to:

    • Senior Management approach ITO like any other make-or-buy decision. Where ubiquitous IT applications across business functions complicate matters.
    • Lost alignment between business and IT strategies.
    • Failed promises to access new technologies.
    • Processing power cost depreciates at an average of 20 percent annually due to the IT capabilities evolvement.
    • And contractual costs soared greater than market prices.
    • Termination of such contracts was found to be prohibitively expensive.
    • The research found that those who approach ITO in all-or-nothing terms either incur great risks or forego the potential benefits of selective sourcing.
    Categories Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO);

    Reasons for ITO can be categorized as two-dimensional and based on:

    • Purchasing style refers to contracts to either be once-off or an expectation of business for many years.
    • Purchasing focus refers to companies buying resources from vendors. Such as hardware, etc, and managing the delivery of IT themselves or vendors manage the IT activity and the organization expects the specified results.
    • The result is four distinct categories will be representative of whether ITO is required as the figures represent. The figure also represents a decision matrix for business and a guide for an effective strategy.
    • A decision in selecting what can be outsourced usually distinguishes between the contribution that IT makes to the business operations and its impact on competitive advantage.
    • ITO was primarily domestic but has now evolved due to globalization and can also be categorized now by the variance of service provider distance. The same reasons apply globally to ITO.
    • On-shoring refers to the outsourcing vendor located in the same country as the customer.
    • Near-shoring refers to the outsourcing vendor located geographically close but not in the same country.
    • Off-shoring refers to the outsourcing vendor located offshore and possibly on a different continent and time zone.

    How to Managing Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)?

    Once the scope and type have been identified. The vendor selection process will exist initiated by soliciting via Request for Proposal (RFP). Not all service providers are equal as all offer different types of services:

    • IS consultancies/solutions providers – services in all IS functions
    • Systems houses – system integration
    • Hardware vendors – hardware platform
    • Ex-IS departments – industry-specific sourcing
    • Development houses – develop software
    • Generic outsourcers – manage functions, especially infrastructure
    What is the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) Image
    What is the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO)? Image by fancycrave1 from Pixabay.