Category: Education

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through formal or informal instruction. It is a fundamental aspect of human development that empowers individuals with the tools they need to participate effectively in society and pursue personal and professional goals. It is vital for personal growth, social progress, economic development, and the overall well-being of individuals and communities.

Key aspects of education include:

  1. Formal: Formal refers to structured and organized learning that takes place in educational institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities. It follows a predefined curriculum and is delivered by trained teachers or instructors.
  2. Informal: Informal occurs outside of formal institutions and includes learning through daily experiences, interactions with others, and self-directed exploration. They can be equally valuable in acquiring practical skills and life knowledge.
  3. Primary: Primary is the initial phase of formal education and typically covers early childhood through elementary school. It lays the foundation for literacy, numeracy, and critical thinking.
  4. Secondary: Secondary follows primary education and includes middle and high school. It provides a more comprehensive curriculum and prepares students for higher education or vocational paths.
  5. Higher: Higher encompasses post-secondary learning in colleges and universities. It offers specialized knowledge and skills through degree programs in various fields, such as arts, sciences, engineering, medicine, business, and more.
  6. Vocational: Vocational provides training and skills development for specific trades or professions, preparing individuals for careers in fields like plumbing, carpentry, healthcare, and technology.
  7. Continuing: Continuing allows individuals to enhance their knowledge and skills beyond formal education. It includes workshops, seminars, online courses, and professional development programs.
  8. Access and Inclusivity: Ensuring equal access to education for all individuals, regardless of socioeconomic background, gender, ethnicity, or physical abilities, is essential for promoting social equity.

Education is a transformative process that empowers individuals to think critically, solve problems, communicate effectively, and adapt to changing circumstances. It promotes creativity, cultural understanding, and empathy, fostering a more informed and tolerant society. By investing in education, societies can cultivate a skilled and knowledgeable workforce, encourage innovation, and address societal challenges effectively.

  • Public Libraries open near me in Society with their Role

    Public Libraries open near me in Society with their Role

    Public Libraries open near me in Society, for education, study, dream story, comedy, etc. What is public libraries role in our daily life; A public library is a non-profit library, which maintain for public use and funded by the government or public sources. Unlike other libraries, public library satisfies general public information needs by providing all kinds of knowledge; and information available to all segments of the community regardless of race, nationality, age, gender, religion, language, disability, economic, and employment status.

    Here is the article to explain, Public Libraries open near me in Society with What is the Role of theirs?

    It may also provide other services to their communities such as storytelling for children, after-school programs, language learning, seminars, workshops, and other community services. Public libraries stood initiated back in ancient times. They existed known and used by Greeks, Romans, North Africa, and the Middle East. However, they did not arise in Europe and America until the 18th and 19th centuries.

    In USA and Europe, public libraries started with a donation from many private philanthropists like Andrew Carnegie and Benjamin Franklin. Like other philanthropists, both Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Carnegie realized that books, and the knowledge they provide, should not be for just richness; but for serving the public and for anyone who wanted to learn. Because of this belief, they made books and money available to the general public through their philanthropy.

    Throughout history, library collections have been changed and developed. Nowadays, besides printed books and traditional materials, public libraries offer a wide range of other media and modern technologies like videos, audiobooks, e-books, DVDs, and others. Similarly, the roles and missions of the public libraries have been shifted from recreational reading to acting as active educational, economic, and social agents.

    This article seeks to offer a literature review on the role of public libraries in society. Take the style of the literature review and the words from the article (children literacy); A survey reveals that show, found, assume, According to Lyman (1977), Weibel (1992) looked at the role of the library in promoting literacy, Spink (1989) notes; Other studies have concentrated on, states, points out, belief.

    Role of public libraries;

    Public library plays an important role in people’s lives as a source of accessing information; and a place for knowledge creation. It has shown that public libraries are important informational, educational, cultural, and social institutions.

    Public library and Education;

    One of the public libraries’ significant and fundamental roles in education. Public libraries provide books and other materials for people to read and use, also open near me in Society or Public Places. These materials are educational and lead to self-improvement and develop basic literacy skills.

    Public Libraries have always been seen as educational resources for all people. The educative role of public libraries has expanded to include supporting both formal and informal education.

    Public library and literacy;

    Literacy is the ability to read and write. In libraries culture, this concept expands to include the knowledge or education in one or several fields required to develop individual and communities skills.

    Learning today is not a luxury limited only to selected groups, but it is essential for survival. Expansion of literacy needs reading and writing material.

    The public library is the local center for providing a wealth of information through learning facilities; and, materials to support literacy to the general public. Literacy stands also achieved by providing literacy programs and activities for different groups and ages.

    Public libraries continue to play a major role in fostering literacy in communities and societies, particularly among; those groups of the populations that need special assistance in developing literacy skills, such as preschool and elementary school children.

    Children’s literacy is one of the educative roles of public libraries. Public libraries are concerned with providing children and exposing them to high-quality reading materials; and rich language experiences during the crucial preschool and elementary school years.

    Pennsylvania public libraries are among the libraries; which keen on enhancing the children’s literacy skills by proving their high-quality materials; and involving them in summer reading programs, story hours, arts and crafts activities.

    A study existed done in Pennsylvania public libraries using qualitative and quantitative methods to examine how library preschool and summer reading programs contribute to children’s reading skills.

    Surveys existed sent to every third library outlet listed in the directory of Pennsylvania libraries.

    The study reveals that children who participate in summer reading programs gain more literacy skills. They also found that preschool and summer reading programs encourage children to spend more time with books. Moreover, Observations and interviews show that library programs encourage parents to play greater roles in their children’s literacy development.

    Public library and Non-formal Education;

    Non-formal education is an unsystematic form of learning and educational activity that occurs outside of traditional organizations or institutions. Unlike formal education, non-formal education is a non-structured educational system. Examples of non-formal education include after-school programs, community-based organizations, museums, libraries, or at home. The aims of both formal and non-formal education are similar but they are different in approach. (Abraham, 2010). Both learning focus on gaining knowledge and skills however, the way of gaining learning is different.

    Non-formal educational practices reinforce due to the challenges of the modern information society.

    Abraham (2010) states that rural people suffer from a lack of proper education. He points out that formal education is time-bound, rigid, and difficult for such people; therefore, non-formal education is much suitable for rural people to satisfy their needs and fit their environmental conditions.

    He describes the public library as a “welfare center, which provides useful services to the community by fostering education, promoting culture, recreation, and dissemination of information to all sections of the society”. Abraham (2010) looked at the public libraries as the most appropriate centers through which non-formal education can achieve. He found that some public libraries in rural areas in India (Kerala) play an important role in supporting non-formal education by organizing night schools, constructive discussions, seminars, and symposia to fight illiteracy and proliferation of reading habits.

    A study was conducted in one of the Kerala districts (Abraham, 2010) to gather an overview of the role of public libraries in promoting non-formal education. Questioners existed distributed among 20 women laborers. It lived found that 30% of them could continue their education and are attempting to achieve minimum qualifications through utilizing rural libraries in their home areas. 60% could read and write and 10% stopped their education due to various personnel reasons.

    Public library and Life long learning;

    Lifelong learning is the process of continuous and ongoing learning throughout a person’s life to enhance continuous development and improvement of the individual’s knowledge and skills. Life-long learning cannot achieve without literacy because reading and writing are essential for learning.

    Due to the complex and rapid change environment, people need to acquire a variety of skills and knowledge irrespective of their age, social, political, or economic status.

    Wijetunge (2000) states that public libraries contribute to lifelong learning by supporting the learners to identify and locate the reading materials relevant to the needs of the community.

    Karunawathie (1998) gave an example of how the Negombo Public Library has contributed to the community in which it exists. The public library has assisted the fishing community in Negombo in changing the process of their fishing technology by providing the community with good and rich materials related to the finishing industry.

    Public Libraries open near me in Society with their Role Image
    Public Libraries open near me in Society with their Role; Image by Daniel Messer from Pixabay.

    References; The Role of Public Libraries in Society. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/role-of-public-libraries-in-society-education-essay.php?vref=1

  • Student Success Time Management Importance Essay

    Student Success Time Management Importance Essay

    Student Success Time Management, What is the Importance for it with Essay? You’ll Understand; Many people face trouble With time management as we all know, In many cases, lack of time is there. Someone has to finish his a task is suitable to the lack of prioritizing the task. Often people tend to have trouble managing time because they try to manage too many tasks at a time; and, also many people just waste their time doing nothing just because of their pure laziness. Off lately time is becoming one of the most valuable resources; which waste by many people because they don’t know how to manage time.

    Importance Essay got Student Success in Time Management

    Many people in life do things that have no value to time. To prove this, walking through a dorm on a weeknight several students can find sitting around; and playing video games when they have a paper or an assignment due the very next day; and also can find employees sitting around the office playing solitaire; while the hours are meant to use to get productive work done. It observes that for many, time may not be of any great significance but to others, it lies of extreme importance. In my eye the constructive use of time is beneficial and that in any aspect of life one shall realize; the significance of time and must measure the value of every minute and each second.

    Speaking of the use of personal and professional use of the time I find that; the use of both in an appropriate way is important. Personal, as well as professional goals and objectives, achieve or un-achieve on the grounds of how one uses their skills. The results of one’s efforts directly attribute to the time management skills that; they develop and often employ in many cases. Speaking of each in sequence I’d discuss the following in detail. Target goals ahead are always good to plan the future; or, say before the assigned time to achieve the maximum output. Goal setting, goal setting is where the scheduled target map out.

    Essay part 01;

    It shall preplan to take up the top priorities and to schedule the major pieces of thought in advance; making good use of time effectively and smartly, Delegating or getting rid of the clutter, achieving a balance is equally important. Punctuality is an important character in the world that we live in; people need to make well use of the time that they have because time is scarce. When we talk of time management and the importance of time management for students; punctuality comes at the top of the list. Realizing the value of time and making good use of its essence.

    All the above can consider being the skills of effective time management. Let us move to the real topic of discussion. The above was important to have been discussed before the actual discussion; because I disclose all that I had in my mind and at the same time to bring forth the matters of discussion in sequence. There is a lot to say on that as it is a vast topic; let’s begin with the real key to effective time management; and how it relies on the focus of their goals by the individuals; as well as the choices these individuals make for their achievements.

    Essay part 02;

    The website of Counseling and Development Centre (CDC) 1999 March 16th stated the summary of time management principles and addressed the choices of how to best make use of your time. Coming to know what your goals are and what time is available to you helps you decide on good use of time and self-management. My day begins at 6:00 am every morning, I rush to have a shower, say my prayers, and have my breakfast at 7:00 am.

    Next, I have to catch my bus at the bus station; from home to the bus station it takes about 10 minutes or more. Then on it takes 45 minutes for me to get to college. in the meantime, as I travel I’d take a piece of reading material to make good use of the travel time daily (it can be a magazine, news article, a comic, or some sports update. I like listening to the radio too so often when I am not reading on the bus I’d probably listen to a radio programmed to pass time out. I’m at college from about 8:00 am to 8:10 am.

    Essay part 03;

    This certainly is when I’d sit back and relax or engage in a discussion with friends till it’s time for the class. At 8:30 am sharp the class begins and so does my actual day. I spend time studying and keeping myself engaged in multiple activities round the clock, utilizing each jiffy effectively. This includes all from making use of the computer labs to reading books at the college library. I come home after college watch T.V. hang out with friends over a pot of coffee at Starbucks or others go for a walk and sit for some net surfing. Late at night, I’d sit to study have dinner, and sleep and so the next day begins.

    Thus I need to draw a line at the end to the point that the most effective way of utilizing time is its effective use. I’m recalled by what I once read on “If Time Is Money, No Wonder I’m Not Rich” by Mary L. Sprouse that offers an introduction to financial planning, a guide to investments; and suggestions for applying Time Management Principles to Managing your Money. And this can only be done by getting serious about the ground realities of life, accepting the challenges, and working hard on targets and goals provided.

    Essay part 04;

    This will help attain success in life very easily, we use basic thinking skills in everyday life with less difficulty. Time is very crucial; people need to make the best of the time in their possession as by doing so a lot can achieve in their lives. Time being a limited resource means that a minute lost is hard to return; life is short people need to make the best of it by making every minute count, by doing so most people can achieve their goals in life.

    Students should generate a habit of utilizing time more efficiently and effectively. They are the new generation of the developed world therefore with the punctual character they could be unstoppable in the world. They can accomplish a lot in life therefore the world will be a better place. Time management is a skill that can learn; and, when done so can make life less stressful and productive. Everyone has different tasks assigned that need to be done differently.

    Student Success Time Management Importance Essay Image
    Student Success Time Management Importance Essay; Image by Mohamed Hassan from Pixabay.

    References; The Importance of Time Management for Students. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/time-management-for-students.php?vref=1

  • 9 Most Common Essay Writing Mistakes

    9 Most Common Essay Writing Mistakes

    Essay writing is not a piece of cake, especially if you are not familiar with a specific format or a particular topic. However, it is a part of students’ lives, primarily when assigned to complete this assignment.

    Here are the articles to explain, the 9 Most Common Essay Writing Mistakes

    Students often get stuck with writing a compare-and-contrast essay; accordingly, they want to know how to write a compare-and-contrast essay for their papers. All students are familiar with the basic rules of writing an essay, starting with a strong thesis statement and ending with a convincing conclusion.

    Is it simple to write a top-quality college essay?

    Not!

    Students still hand over their assignments to others because they are unaware of their essay-writing skills. Moreover, they lack proper essay writing skills. 

    There is not a single template you can follow to get rid of essay writing mistakes. Students commit many types of errors in writing an essay. Some students prefer online learning to get familiar with writing flaws. 

    Here worst academic essay writing mistakes you need to avoid:

    Neglecting a thesis statement

    A thesis statement is a crucial part of an essay that cannot be ignored. Your essay should contain a thesis statement.

    Sometimes, students forget to write this statement in the introduction. If you do not include a thesis statement in the introduction and reveal the central idea of your paper, your reader will not know what you are writing about.

    Therefore, you need to make sure that you have written an engaging thesis statement. Do remember, you should hook your readers in this part. 

    You can add a powerful thesis statement at the end of the first paragraph – the introduction. 

    Restating the introduction

    Most often, students repeat the introduction at the end. Remember, the conclusion is not the place to write about the introduction using different words. Thus, this portion of the essay holds great importance.

    The most acceptable way to prove to your mentor that you have made significant progress throughout your essay is to explain the last section – the conclusion.

    Your paper should end up with an eye-catchy statement and leave the reader with a new perspective. It would be best to use a quote or ask a question at the end of the conclusion.

    Avoid starting your conclusion with the phrases “At the end of the essay” and “In conclusion.”

    Adding a pile of information and facts

    Students make some common mistakes in paragraph writing, too. Even though your professor has asked you to craft a lengthy essay, this does not mean you include information in its raw form.

    Instead, your aim should be to write about your topic with appropriate information. For this, you have to stick to the essay’s prompt strictly. Include all the key points in your essay and exclude the unwanted facts and information.

    Writing a complex essay

    Some shreds of research have shown that students prefer to craft their essays’ complex structure to impress their instructors. 

    When the professor asks them to pen down a topic that follows the guidelines, it does not mean that you have to discuss rocket science in their paper.

    Instead, you have to state your viewpoints clearly. Avoid using meaty words and phrases. Also, write in a simple and easy-to-read language.

    Inappropriate format

    If you think that essay writing is all about content, then you are not right. It does not matter how impressively you write content; you can never ignore the formatting details.

    On the contrary, if you do, no matter how engaging your content is, your mentor will give you a poor grade.

    So, you have to adopt a suitable style and format as per your prompt’s requirements. Additionally, pay attention to font size, spaces, margins, etc.

    Including too many typos

    Have you heard that typos can be seen in every paper? 

    Uploading your essay without proofreading and editing indicates that you ignore your paper.

    Many students want to know tips on essays with errors to correct. Accordingly, they read some sample essays with grammatical errors to learn to write flawless essays. 

    Before printing your essay, you need to revise your paper multiple times. The pro tip here is that you should not entirely rely on online software. There is an additional writing issue in Grammarly because sometimes it does not trace even some minor mistakes.

    No connection between the paragraphs

    There should be a proper flow between your paragraphs. It will help you a lot if you use transitions between the sections. Accordingly, it would help if you made your paper smooth and coherent.

    Too many topics in the essay

    Writing about too many subjects and topics in your paper will not define your essay’s purpose. Instead, you need to stick to a specific topic that states all the ideas.

    To avoid this mistake, you have to make sure that your topic responds to the essay’s question. Thus, you need to focus on your essay’s question and answer it. 

    Using generic titles

    An essay’s title represents its content. When your professor reads the title, he must be familiar with what your essay will cover. 

    If you write an unrelated topic, he will realize that you do not grasp the subject. Finally, you will not get a good grade. Additionally, avoid using a generic title.

    Write a precise and straightforward title. Also, avoid stealing another writer’s title. 

    Essay writing is an unstoppable assignment in academic life. Following your mentor’s instructions and guidelines is the key to success.

    9 Most Common Essay Writing Mistakes
    9 Most Common Essay Writing Mistakes
  • Cursed Font Generator and this Tool how used to Create

    Cursed Font Generator and this Tool how used to Create

    How to cursed font generator and tool how used to create? If you’re tired of seeing the same old boring, ugly cursed text all over your website, you can use a tool called Cursed Text Generator to create a cursed text. It’s a simple online tool that creates a font with weird symbols. Just type the text you want to curse into the first window, and it’ll create the cursed font. Once you’ve created your custom cursive font, you can paste it anywhere on your website.

    Here is the article to explain, What are a cursed font and text generator and the tool how use to create it?

    Using a cursed font generator is one way to use the “cursed” font to add a little flair to your posts. You can even copy and paste the text into your Facebook comments. This method is perfect for grabbing attention on the internet and different social networking sites. It’s been around for years, and it’s used in horror movies, online games, and countless other scenarios. It can help you gain popularity online by attracting attention on the internet.

    What is a cursed font or text?

    Cursed Text is an online program that generates a different kind of cursed font than normal text. It generates a special font, which appears on the right window of the computer. The cursing text looks different than the normal text and is much easier to understand. Besides, you can copy the original text to a lower window, which is more convenient for many people. It also generates a unique style that makes it stand out.

    In addition to making your text a little creepy, you can also use this cursed text generator to create a catchy design. These fonts will make your text look scary and spooky. Some of them will even produce hilarious jokes. You can even impress your followers by sharing these cursed texts. Once you’ve made a design that everyone can appreciate, you’ll be sure to get a lot of comments.

    Creating a cursive font is not difficult. Simply copy the regular text into the cursive font generator and paste it anywhere you want it to be. Once you’ve finished, paste the finished cursive font into a chat or other platform to create a cursed font. It will generate a random font for you. You can even use a free tool to create your scripts. After all, there’s no need to know how to write code to curse someone’s favorite thing.

    To make a cursed font generator, all you need is to type in the text you want. You can choose to use any font generator you like to create a text with a particular font. For example, you can choose to use a free tool like Ghost Text to create a cursed font. You can use a script or a simple script to generate a cursing text on any page. In either case, you can enter the text you want, and it will appear as a normal piece of writing.

    Script Stationers Blog Banner
    Script Stationers Blog Banner;

    What cursing font or text generator generates?

    A cursing text generator will create a text with unique styles and characters. It will generate random, peculiarly-looking cursed text that’s easy to read. For example, if you want to spell something, you can use Unicode. By using a Unicode generator, you can make any kind of cursed text. It also has a crazy level button. The script will generate a variety of fonts and spells.

    A cursed text generator is a useful tool for discordant and other text on discordant networks. These free tools make it easy to create a unique font for a network and attract attention. You can use a cursive font generator to generate text that is both fun and interesting. It’s also easy to customize the content to fit your brand image. You can generate a custom cursed font for your website.

    Conclusion;

    A cursed text generator can be very helpful for making your social media profile unique. By adding a font with unique character combinations, you can create a cursed text and make it stand out from the crowd. There are several ways to create a unique cursing text on your website or a web page. The first option is to use online software that adds characters to your content. It is a great way to make your profile stand out from the crowd.

    Cursed Font Text Generator and this Tool how used to Create Image
    Cursed Font Text Generator and this Tool how used to Create; Image by Florian Pircher from Pixabay.
  • Hydroxylation Essay Fungal Mechanism Steroids Microbiological

    Hydroxylation Essay Fungal Mechanism Steroids Microbiological

    Hydroxylation in Microbiological Essay, Fungal, Mechanism, and also Steroids, discuss in there; The hydroxylation of a compound is a very important metabolic process, in humans; this process catalyzes by cytochrome P450 enzymes and results in products with higher polarity than the parent compound, and thus aiding its excretion from the body. The process of hydroxylation, involves the conversion of a carbon-hydrogen to a carbon-hydroxyl bond, and when catalyzed by the enzyme hydroxylase, the reaction is more regio- and stereospecific in contrast to the conventional chemical process. As a result, microbial hydroxylation is rather used for the synthesis of hydroxysteroids.

    Here is the article to explain, Essay What is the Hydroxylation? with also understand Fungal, Mechanism, and Steroids in Microbiological!

    Fungal hydroxylation of steroids continues to be the focus of attention at different levels of research and product development. Despite its popularity, this process does not fully understand; because few studies have been conducted on the hydroxylase enzyme due to the difficulty in isolating this enzyme. However, most studies have shown that the cytochrome P450 enzyme is also responsible for steroid hydroxylation in filamentous fungi. Cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme is an iron-haem system that carries out a wide range of biocatalytic transformations. These enzymes are additionally recognized as monooxygenases because they transfer one atom of molecular oxygen to an organic substrate.

    Mechanism;

    The catalytic mechanism for this reaction involves the binding of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme and then the displacement of a water molecule. This follows by a reduction of the iron in the CYP 450-haem complex to its ferrous state (Iron II) by an electron transfer. The ferrous state then binds to molecular oxygen to form a ferrous-deoxy (Iron (III)-OOH) species. This species then loses a hydroxyl anion to form an iron (IV)-oxygen radical. This radical may withdraw a hydrogen atom from the substrate to generate a carbon radical and an iron (IV)-hydroxyl species. The carbon radical then accepts a hydroxyl radical from the iron (IV)-hydroxyl species to form a hydroxylated product and iron (III). A simple general reaction equation for this process summarize below; (where R represents the substrate and NADPH is the electron transferring species).

    RH + NADPH + H+ + O2 → ROH + NADP+ + H2O

    In other to fully understand the mechanism of fungal hydroxylation of steroids; the relationship between the structure of the CYP 450 hydroxylase enzyme and its regio- and stereoselective characteristic has to define. However, as mentioned earlier not many studies have been carried on the structural features of this enzyme; and so ‘active site models’ did develop to grasp the concept of the Regio- and stereoselective outcome of microbial hydroxylation reactions.

    Model;

    The first model, postulated by Brannon et al suggest the possibility for a steroidal substrate to dress by a single steroid hydroxylase in more than one orientation due to two- sites binding; which could result in hydroxylation taking place at more than one position given the appropriate geometrical relationship between the active site of the enzyme; and the carbon atom of the substrate undergoing the reaction. These four orientations represent normal, reverse, inverted, and reverse inverted; and have been observing in the metabolic handling of 3β-hydroxy-17a-OXA-D-homo-5α-androstane-17-one by a filamentous fungus; Aspergillus tamari.

    The other model, Jones’ model takes into account only the normal and reverse binding orientations. It requires the existence of three active centers on the steroid hydroxylase enzyme. These active centers have dual roles and could act both as a binding site or a hydroxylating site. However, these roles are mutually exclusive, and so hydroxylation would occur at the closest nuclear center to the steroid. Hence the enzyme-substrate interaction proposed by Jones would suggest a triangular location with an approximate spatial correspondence to C-3, C-11, and C-16 atoms of the steroid nucleus.

    Reactions;

    This model could not explain the hydroxylation reactions by some microorganisms. Therefore another theory did develop by McCrindle et al using both models above; and taking into account the 3- D nature of the steroid compound and hydroxylase enzyme. In this model, the steroid ring acts as a planar reference point. Binding site A favors oxygen atoms below the plane of the ring and hydroxylation is alpha. Binding site B is similar to A but can also be hydroxylated alpha (axial or equatorial) or beta (equatorial) atoms. Whereas, binding site C binds preferentially to oxygen atoms above the plane of the steroid ring and hydroxylate with -beta orientation. Overall, this model tends to fit the hydroxylation pattern of most microorganisms.

    Hydroxylation outcome;

    The hydroxylation outcome of some steroids can predict based on the oxygen functions or ‘directing groups’ on the steroid skeleton. As a rule of thumb mono- oxygenated substrates are dihydroxylation and their transformation products are often in low yields. This is a result of the presence of one oxygen function on the steroid compound making it less polar; and, thus decreasing its solubility which hinders its permeation into the microbial cell. In addition to this, the presence of only one oxygen function allows the steroid to bind to the enzyme at only one center; thereby increasing its rotation and oscillation about the active site which makes it more likely to be hydroxylation.

    Whereas, di- oxygenated substrates are mono-hydroxylated; because the presence of two oxygen functions reduces the chance of multiple hydroxylations due to the reduction in the possible number of binding orientations. Furthermore, the presence of two binding oxygen groups increases the rate of reactivity of microbiological transformation as the increased substrate polarity improves solubility; and thus permeation into the cell membrane of the microorganism is very likely. A wide variety of organisms have shown this pattern of hydroxylation with a wide range of substrates.

    Hydroxylated steroids possess;

    Hydroxylated steroids possess useful pharmacological activities; for example, C-11 hydroxylation regards as essential for anti-inflammatory action; and 16α- hydroxylated steroids have increased glucocorticoid activity. Hence the steroid industry exploits the use of 11α-, 11β-, 15α- and 16α- hydroxylation mainly for the production of adrenal cortex hormones and their analogs. A range of microorganisms follows to affect this type of hydroxylation. For example, 11α- hydroxylation perform using Rhizopus sp. Or Aspergillus sp., Cuvularia sp. or Cunninghamella sp. and Streptomyces sp. generates 11β- and 16α- hydroxylations respectively. Further research has shown other hydroxylations (e.g. 7α-, 9α- and 14α- hydroxylations) of having the potential for industrial exploitation.

    Hydroxylation Essay Fungal Mechanism Steroids in Microbiological Image
    Hydroxylation Essay, Fungal, Mechanism, and Steroids in Microbiological!

    References; Microbiological Transformation of Steroids. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/microbiological-transformation-of-steroids.php?vref=1

  • CSI Crime Scene Investigations Definition Training Steps

    CSI Crime Scene Investigations Definition Training Steps

    CSI Crime Scene Investigations Definition with their Training and Steps; What does Investigation suggest? In standard, an effort made to discover the facts, behind a selected state of affairs, to discover the fact call Investigation. For an enterprise organization, research means that a prepared, special, and important examination of the books of money owed and transaction statistics (both beyond and gift) of an entity, carried out for a specific purpose or to expose a fact/to set up reality with the help of evidence. The maximum not unusual strategies employed in the manner of investigation are looking, remark, interrogation, inquiry, inspection, and so forth. The procedure of research completes through an expert group to show a positive reality; and, performed as per the necessities of the organization; there may be no particular period.

    Here is the article to explain, CSI Definition, Training, and Steps in Crime Scene Investigations!

    CSI Crime scene investigation can compare to solving a puzzle, where the investigators’ scope is to acquire all the missing pieces. Investigators have challenging and complex roles and their skills; and, the way they manage them leads them to discover the right answer in a criminal case. In this scenario, the facts may easily analyze so the crime scene examination would conclude faster and efficiently. To achieve this, investigators’ duty would be to manage their time, know their responsibilities, collect evidence and assemble crime site’s features, following a set of rules. They should also conduct inquiries to find out who committed the crime and interview witnesses; and, the suspects responsible for the unfortunate incident happening; a terrifying car accident on a summer evening, outdone by some shocking aspects.

    ABC Rules;

    Firstly, to handle the crime examination properly scene officers should follow the ‘ABC’ Rule which derives from:

    • A- Assume nothing.
    • B- Believe nothing and.
    • C- Challenge/check everything.

    Cook and Tattersall define a good Senior Office Investigator as a skeptical person who checks and challenges the relevance, reliability, and precision of information collected. At first glance, the scenario presents significant information; which might describe as the key aspect in detecting this felony’s pattern; such as a Gay Pride Festival in progress, a car crash, a four-foot sword, a box-like gadget with wires, and the timing.

    Considering the existing possibilities, the crime scene’s scenario might correspond with a hate crime, or an attempted one. A hate crime refers to a crime that motivates by hostility and prejudice. It depends on five checked elements: disability, race, religion, sexual orientation, and transgender. Judging by the kind of festival that was in progress, investigators might consider this crime nature as a homophobic one.

    Investigators;

    Investigators might deal with this incident by using the most substantial factors in solving this felony – time and strategy, very important in CSI crime scene investigations. The setting provides officers with the opportunity to act as quickly as possible; their primary concern should base on the amount of time that has passed since the crime was committed. The “golden hour” principle comes from a medical occupation; and, it refers to the value of time for patients who promptly take care of.

    For example, state that the golden hour is the time when witnesses are the most likely to cooperate, evidence is still fresh and untouched, suspects are most vulnerable, and crimes can rapidly resolve. Applying this theory to what seems to be a hate crime, officers should firstly focus on the box-like gadget with cables coming from it. The device could turn up to be a bomb; and, it could also hurt the people that gathered near the car. Secondly, the man and the woman should receive medical assistance; and as soon as it is safe for the officers to request testimonies; the two main suspects might offer the key information for this investigation.

    Five Building Blocks;

    There is also the “Five Building Blocks” principle that supports the early phases of an investigation;

    • preserving life.
    • preserving scenes.
    • securing evidence.
    • identifying victims, and.
    • identifying suspects.

    Collecting and preserving evidence can make possible by investigators keeping the concert spectators; and, the people present at the scene away from the car. The four-foot sword may provide the team with DNA, suspects’ origins, and motives. The way this time consumes reflects officers’ skills and abilities to cope with a situation of this kind.

    Classification of the Crime;

    Another point worth mentioning would be finding out what is the class; and, the expected extent of the crime scene examination based on the claims of the issue. The scenario can be classified as a hate crime due to the character of the incident and its hypotheses. Investigators might link the car crash, the sword, and the box-like device with wires with the Gay Pride Festival being in progress; this resulted in an attempt of a hate crime driven by homophobia. By going further with the investigation, officers could collect suspects’ declarations to find their initial motives.

    The likely scope of the investigation may be connecting all the evidence; and, crime scene’s aspects in the interest of gaining all the needed details and solving the crime. For example, a case study on a hate crime committed against sexual orientation is Ian Baynham’s case; he/she was attacked in Trafalgar Square, 2009 by a group of young people; and one of them repeatedly mentioned his sexual preferences. Ian was severely beaten and died soon after due to his injuries. Two of the offenders were later found guilty of manslaughter; but, the case weakened the apparent safety of gay people all over the country.

    CSI Crime Scene Investigations Definition Training Steps Image
    CSI Crime Scene Investigations Definition Training Steps; Image by Ijmaki from Pixabay.

    Defining Roles;

    Therefore, the investigators should conduct the CSI crime scene investigation by following a set of rules and respecting their certain roles. ‘The role of the SIO in a homicide investigation is potentially one of the most complex and challenging positions within the Police Service. It combines two elements, i.e., the role of investigator and the role of a manager; each of which must perform to the highest standards.

    According to the Association of Chief Police Officers; a Senior Investigator Officer requires to have some specific abilities as a result of the fact that in many cases, the material is unclear and restrained. Also, the SIO must have knowledge of the law and the circumstances in which crimes commit and different capacities that may help them complete their responsibilities. Not only the Senior Investigator Officer but also the other officers that are present at the crime scene are accountable for their actions; which are key factors in getting to the bottom of the initial scenario.

    Believe that teamwork has great importance in an investigation; and, a troupe of experts can work together to find a successful and valuable solution. “Each role and stage of the process connects in a chain that is only as strong as its weakest link. An SIO is not likely to involve initially, but as soon as they are; they must set the tone for a teamwork approach by leading, managing and coordinating activity”. In addition to that, the material is a crucial aspect in properly conducting the crime scene examination; and it defines any type of evidence found or that can be relevant during an investigation.

    Gathering Information;

    The investigator also must gather all the information needed for the investigation to conclude efficiently. The material should be significant for the crime scene examination and obtained by the investigator from different sources of investigations; such as crime scene, suspects, victims, witnesses, CCTV, telephone records, banking, and credit card records. Material may come in many formats whether they are fingerprints, statements, or audio and video recordings.

    In this case, the largest part of the investigation’s material might be the statements; since the main suspects can easily identify and there is a considerable group of witnesses. The man and the woman involved in the Blue Renault Megane hitting the lamp post could still be conscious and by applying the “golden hour” principle, officers might demolish their false alibies and find the most unaffected version of their story. The potential witnesses, the people nearby, and the security staff from the Arena should interview, investigators then check their sources and establish which one relates to the investigation.

    The witnesses will possibly be more cooperative if the investigators act quickly. Also, there is a strong probability of CCTV material being a vast amount of information, as the incident location, Coventry Arena, should provide an advanced surveillance system. The physical evidence, the box-like device, the sword, and the car may provide investigators with suspects’ fingerprints, documents, or any other substantial information as soon as it is suitably analyzed and inspected. “The SIO must have effective management systems in place to ensure that all the material gathered by the investigation record, analyzed, and store appropriately. In particular, the system should enable the SIO to assimilate material into their knowledge of the incident; and to make effective decisions about how it can best use to progress the investigation”.

    Witness management;

    Moreover, witnesses’ administration might turn out to be vital in a criminal investigation; and the methods in which investigators approach them point to finding essential evidence for the case. Describe the ‘witness’ term as being related to anybody, excluding the suspects, who can present evidence at court. Witnesses management remains a complex process that includes the way witnesses should establish, treat, protect, and categorize.

    For this specific examination, the potential witnesses that may be there are not only the people nearby; and the security personnel from the Arena but also anybody who met, saw, and talked with the man and the woman in the blue Renault Megane. They stand for the central source of testimonies and evidence. Investigators should interview the suspects and apply “witness interview strategies” to obtain the required material and build the case. Firstly, witnesses should classify and then the initial contact can make by using specific methods to gather key proof of what happened.

    However, witnesses may be uncooperative and quiet during an interview, this being a dangerous factor in the evidence collection process. Despite this unfortunate fact, an interviewer should act properly and stop the witness from failing in offering the correct information. “Witnesses and, especially, victims often ask to describe unpleasant or traumatic experiences to a police officer they have never met before. Moreover, the police investigator often appears as an official government agency, carrying a gun and wearing a formal uniform. To be effective, police must establish a personal rapport with victims/witnesses.

    Time Management;

    The timescales and duration of an investigation might differ depending on the way investigators manage time, witnesses’ level of cooperation, the amount of evidence that turns out to be a trustworthy source, and the type of case. In this scenario, officers might deal with a major incident; this leads to the necessity of acting rapidly and professionally to achieve the wanted answer.

    Considering the large group of witnesses and the potential suspects, investigative interviewing might take a little longer since officers must collect any kind of information; but also reorganize the useful and reliable material. There is also the examination of the found objects – a sword; a square-like gadget with cables coming from it, and a blue Renault Megane; which might offer investigators crucial evidence. The great quantity of crime scene features this scenario provides officers with, could result in a shorter period in which the problem can solve.

    Barriers to Investigation;

    Investigators might face some potential barriers in obtaining the crucial information for this case, barriers in CSI crime scene investigation; such as false testimonies, uncooperative witnesses, absent DNA, contamination of the crime scene, and so on. They should deal with each type of barrier by overcoming dead-ends; and searching for further details regarding the crime scene examination. Even though some obstacles may appear, the sources of information present in the case are numerous.

    For example, the time, location, and in-progress event point to crime motive and class; the large group of witnesses stand for testimonies and different versions of the same story; the man and the woman represent the main suspects, the car is reliable physical evidence; and both the sword and box-like device with wires might correspond to the crime weapon. All the sources could include by the investigators in the prosecution file; if there is enough evidence to provide a credible view of a guilty verdict against each offender on each accusation.

    Finally, the scenario reproduces an attempted hate crime, in which the information present; design for investigators to operate their skills and experiences to solve the problem and find all the lost fragments of the story. Officers should act quickly and efficiently, gather all the required material and examine methodically each uncovered data concerning the case.

    Barriers to Investigation
    Barriers to Investigation; Image by Ega Maulana from Pixabay.

    References; Steps in Crime Scene Investigations. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/steps-in-crime-scene-investigations.php?vref=1

  • International GCSE as written IGCSE or IG qualification

    International GCSE as written IGCSE or IG qualification

    International GCSE certificate as written IGCSE or IG certificate qualification studies online course; From Wikipedia, The International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) is the English language primarily based exam much like the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and identifies inside the United Kingdom as being equal to the GCSE to recognize the previous attainment. It became evolved using the University of Cambridge International Examinations. The exam boards Pearson Edexcel and OxfordAQA also offer their versions of International GCSEs. Students generally start studying the syllabus at the start of Year 10 and take the check at the end of Year 11. However, in a few international faculties, students can begin analyzing the syllabus at the beginning of Year nine and take the check at the quit of Year 10.

    Here is the article to explain and discuss, International GCSE as written IGCSE or IG certificate qualification

    By Cambridge, they created IGCSE extra than 30 years ago, an online learning college. Today, it’s the world’s maximum popular worldwide qualification for 14 to sixteen-yr-olds. Not handiest is it sincerely global; it offers college students greater alternatives than any other worldwide qualification. That approach extra topics to select from, greater methods to examine, and extra approaches to be successful.

    Cambridge IGCSE provides a diverse curriculum catering to 21st-century learning.

    Neville Sherman, Principal, The Westminster School, Dubai

    International GCSE is the world over the identified examination, with checks written at certified examination centers throughout the globe. CambriLearn gives guides for English First and First Additional Language, Accounting, Afrikaans, Biology, Business Studies, Chemistry, Economics, French, History, Core Mathematics, Mathematics, Physics, Teen Coding Python, and Geography.

    What is the IGCSE?

    The International General Certificate of Secondary Education is based totally on the British curriculum (GCSE); however, adapted for an extra internationally-centered pupil body. It is specifically exam-primarily based and classifies via the examination board chosen using the school. The maximum well-known are Cambridge Assessment International Education and Edexcel. The Cambridge exam board gives over 70 topics, inclusive of 30 languages as it aims to be as inclusive as viable to students from a huge style of linguistic backgrounds, enabling them to hold analyzing their mother tongue. The IGCSE lets in for differing tiers of capacity using presenting each Core and Extended curriculum paper in a few subjects.

    How is it one-of-a-kind from the GCSE?

    UK households are probably curious how one of a kind the IGCSE is from the GCSE. The fundamental distinction between the two is that the IGCSE units the curriculum in a greater worldwide context. So, as an example, in Geography GCSE college students will practice map competencies based totally on UK maps; whereas within the IGCSE it can be of every other USA. The IGCSE additionally offers a much broader variety of subjects, especially languages, as cited above, to be as flexible as possible to special contexts. Another difference is that the GCSE has a compulsory sensible coursework thing, which also functions inside the very last examination.

    This coursework element is non-obligatory within the IGCSE as it designs to house the reality that during some nations or contexts; there are probably hurdles to performing lab experiments or taking fieldwork excursions. Depending on the difficulty, from time to time extra subjects include within the IGCSE. In Maths, as an instance, integration and units – pretty in-depth and conceptually worrying topics – are brought.

    This leads many to agree that the IGCSE is extra challenging than the International GCSE, but this is not always the case. Of the TutorsPlus teachers who realize both packages, nearly all considered the distinction to be the handiest marginal and not something worthy of the problem. UK households abroad opting for the IGCSE may additionally observe that the grading appears a little different. While the GCSE grades 1-9, the IGCSE makes use of G – A*. In phrases of how they value secondary colleges and universities, there is no distinction between the GCSE and the IGCSE.

    What are the exclusive exam boards, and do they count?

    Two mainboards offer the IGCSE: Cambridge Assessment International Education and Edexcel. It is upon individual colleges to pick which examination board they wish to offer the IGCSE through. While the content material of the IGCSE adjustments little or no, or in no way, among the exam forums, the format of the exam might. For instance, in Geography, Cambridge has 4 separate papers, whereas Edexcel has one three-hour exam. However, universities do not place any weight on which examination board moves to use; and, accomplishing an excessive grade in both examinations will properly regard using universities.

    How do they obtain (achieve) this;

    Cambridge IGCSE standards and GCSE; Use numerous well-set up strategies to make sure that they meet their commitment. Each year they study the following statistical and judgemental evidence at the alignment of Cambridge IGCSE and GCSE requirements; when they’re setting the grade obstacles for Cambridge IGCSE.

    • They examine GCSE-Cambridge IGCSE subject pairs; those who look at the previous yr’s applicants who took an aggregate of a Cambridge IGCSE in one issue and a GCSE in any other, to peer whether they performed higher in one than the other. Individual applicants of path often carry out better in a single challenge than some other; however over a huge populace of candidates; they can anticipate peering a close alignment of mixture performance across any pair of subjects. When a variety of GCSE subjects consider, this tells us whether or not the Cambridge IGCSE nicely align to GCSE standards, or whether or not the usual wishes a minor correction.
    • They have a look at submit-award screening information; that is the approach utilized by GCSE forums to expose whether one board’s tests barely less complicated or tougher than the others; so that, if any discrepancy discover, it can correct in the subsequent 12 months. They use the identical method to check that Cambridge IGCSE requirements nicely align to the ones of the GCSE forums.
    • They conduct judgemental physical games to evaluate Cambridge IGCSE and GCSE standards. Also, they use the expert know-how of examiners to check candidates’ scripts at key grade thresholds.

    How Many IGCSEs Do You Take (In 2021)?

    The effects of your GCSEs may be what determines which A-Levels or jobs you do later in existence. You would possibly want to take greater GCSEs to reinforce your chances of fulfillment; however, how many are too many? The majority of students will take 9 to 10 GCSEs, and this amount is flawlessly credible to colleges, universities, and employers. However, a very small quantity of students will take 11 GCSEs and an excellent fewer quantity of students will take 12+ GCSEs. As you do ought to take your GCSEs throughout school hours; the most amount of GCSEs that you may do immediately is maximum probably around sixteen.

    How Many IGCSEs Should You Take?

    IGCSEs are the final hurdle of secondary school existence and ought to take significantly. You need to take the right amount of them and paintings difficult in they all to make sure your success. The average student takes 10 GCSEs, give or take some. Any greater than this can take a toll on your sanity, as the workload will become an excessive amount. And the more strain you placed yourself under, the more serious your eventual grades will be.

    You want to stability the range of GCSEs you are taking with how a whole lot of paintings you may do for them. Any less than that and you’ll begin to find it harder to get an activity or get into university. If you don’t take enough GCSEs then irrespective of what grades you get; you’ll find it a lot more difficult to get into places. It also can rely on what GCSEs you are taking, too. Harder GCSEs will mean you’ll want to take much less of them; while less difficult GCSEs suggest you may take greater of them.

    Lockdown Cancellations;

    In 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, International GCSE examinations, in conjunction with all other May and June tests that yr were canceled. The authorities introduced that GCSE and A-stage grades could award via teachers’ exams based on mock exams, coursework, and different available proof, moderated through a statistical standardization version evolved with the aid of Ofqual. This is the first cancellation of GCSEs due to the fact they had been delivered. An algorithm for figuring out grades was at the beginning added by way of Ofqual; which got used for A-Level grades.

    However, this induced a backlash, causing the authorities to ultimately replace the set of rules with Center Assessed Grades for GCSEs on 17 August. In 2021, GCSEs, along with A-stage and AS tests, have been canceled again due to the pandemic and replaced with instructor-assessed grades. The grades can determine on preceding mock exams, homework, classwork, and optional examinations set by using Ofqual, Students returned to high school on 8 March 2021.

    How Many IGCSEs Do Universities Want You To Have?

    Universities nowadays are looking increasingly at your GCSEs as a hallmark of your capability; as university students arrive with comparable consequences. Universities now do not handiest search for precise GCSE results, however, they search for plenty of them. Just like they pick students with 4 A-Levels, the extra GCSEs the better. However, if you involve that a college will reject you due to the fact you didn’t take enough GCSEs, don’t.

    Universities look typically at your college consequences; then your GCSE outcomes, and in the end the number of GCSEs you took. Make sure the GCSEs you do take, you have top grades in. University is for the pinnacle band of college students, and that means students with at least 6-7 A*- C GCSEs. As lengthy, as you have round nine GCSEs, you shouldn’t worry about entering into college. Just cognizance of sporting through your grades into college, and the college will come easily.

    International Students in UK Growth Trend Over the Years;

    • According to 2018 to 2019 facts from the Higher Education Statistics Agency, there are currently 486,000 international students pursuing their tiers inside the UK. The number has skilled an increase from the previous yr’s information which encompassed a complete of 459,000.
    • The UK Government has announced that the number of students who were granted a Sponsored Study (Tier four) visa inside the yr ending in September 2019, was 277,000. This has shown to be a 16% growth from the previous year and was stated to be the best stage of Tier four granted visas for the reason that year 2011.
    • The general variety of students enrolled in Higher Education establishments, as of 2018 to 2019, is 2,390,000; which includes each global in addition to college students whose domestic the USA is the United Kingdom. This has proven a 2% increase from 2017 to 2018.
    • 33% of first-year non-UK students, which interprets to a total of 86,485, are worldwide college students strolling back from China.
    Most Popular Subjects for International Students inside the UK;
    • The most famous subjects for worldwide students in the UK include Business & Administrative research, Social research, Studies allied to medicine, as well as Creative Arts.
    • According to 2017 to 2018 statistics, around 128,000 global students in the UK had been pursuing a diploma in Business & Administrative research. This makes this degree one of the pinnacle selections for worldwide students.
    • A general of 44,000 worldwide students had been enrolled in Social research; whilst the topics allied to Medicine accumulated numerous 22,000 plus international students.
    • In the field of Creative Arts, there has been a complete of 33,000 global college students, as of 2017 to 2018 information.
    International GCSE as written IGCSE or IG qualification Image
    International GCSE as written IGCSE or IG qualification; Image by Wokandapix from Pixabay.

    Note; All number of students counting from online data collation!

  • NCF National Curriculum Framework Meaning and its 8 Goals

    NCF National Curriculum Framework Meaning and its 8 Goals

    What is the NCF (National Curriculum Framework)? Meaning and its 8 Goals; NCF provides the students as well as the society a set of plans of what students have to learn and expect to achieve at the end of their secondary schooling. The main aims of the framework are to (1) fulfill the needs of the students, and (2) fulfill the needs of the country; As a student, a teacher, or a parent, we are all concerned with the success and the development in the education sector. As our population growth persists there will always be constant changes in the curriculum imposed on the students as well as teachers.

    Here is the article to explain, NCF (National Curriculum Framework) Meaning and its 8 Goals!

    National Curriculum Framework (NCF) meaning; The NCF best describes as elements that are vital in every student’s learning period and principles which the Ministry of Education imposes on teachers. The NCF also drafts the rules and regulations in the way of assessing the students at school and also at the National Level that is the SC and HSC level.

    A Curriculum Framework also referred to as a sort of plan (set up by the Ministry of Education), again impose on teachers to be taught to achieve a good learning outcome. And at the end of the learning time, the student must be able to prove an evaluation of his/her knowledge acquired during the stay at school.

    8 Goals of the NCF (National Curriculum Framework);

    A goal is an intention in the long term. The NCF consists of eight goals. All the goals mean to have the same outcomes; that is, to make the students achieve their best.

    To promote an all-round development of the individual – physical, intellectual, social, and emotional – leading to a balanced, active, healthy, and productive lifestyle.

    Secondary students are physically and cognitively developing at each level. To support this, our syllabus varies according to the level of development of the student. For instance, at the lower secondary, students are taught more or less the basics in the subject. Visual arts consist of many hands-on activities. For example, at form 3 level, students were taught how to bend the wire to make forms. They enrich their knowledge with the new tools and materials given to them.

    They gave the liberty of expressing themselves. This results in different outcomes. We see that everyone is different from their friends. They are of different social and emotional statuses. Taking the form 3 level, we can say that students are very much appreciated when they allow telling what they feel. They can communicate ideas visually. We see the capacities of our students. Their inner talents are being exploited and they show more productivity.

    To foster understanding and appreciation of the biological, physical, and technological world to enable the learner to arrive at informed decisions about the environment and the changing needs of individuals and societies.

    Visual arts is a very demanding subject, when we refer to the materials and tools that use, students tend to buy expensive materials and believe that they will do the best artwork. However, we can also use recycled objects to create beautiful sculptures or even old newspapers to make good drawings. At any time, teachers should consider the social and financial position of students. It develops the sense of saving in the student and it protects the environment.

    On the other hand, we have new technology devices which are available nowadays to help people and make tasks easy for them to understand better. Why not make use of them? For example, research on the internet from the computer room at school. This enables the students to come across and work with both primary and secondary sources. Therefore, students exposure to the development of their skills and competencies in a variety of ways. At form 3 level, the student can manage a computer easily.

    To develop the learner’s knowledge and skills to empower him to participate meaningfully in an information-driven economy.

    At form 3 level, students are very much interested in hands-on activities. However, research works are also important in the development of the student. The student will be keen to learn more and more when he gave small tasks to do before starting an activity. This will provide a better understanding. For instance, the history of arts and famous artists’ techniques inspires a lot of new coming painters. This will enrich his knowledge of the arts.

    It is to note that when a student well prepares, he is automatically willing to participate and share his knowledge in class. Moreover, every topic of visual arts starts with research work on previous paintings and techniques used. The student exposes to a different and vast platform of art forms from a cultural and historical perspective. Through research and with the help of the internet, students can see all the beauties of Pablo Picasso, Vincent Van Goth, etc which creates inspiration in them.

    To develop creative thinking skills and learning skills required for the future.

    Secondary students know to be the best product at this stage of life. They have to get the maximum information to cope with the upcoming problems. Analysis of artworks helps the student to think creatively. When he comes across the work of other artists or his classmates. A sense of comparison and criticism is being developed to learn about the weakness and strengths of oneself. This is ongoing learning that takes place in the life of an individual that will help him throughout his life. The basic learning takes place at school and continues during life experiences.

    It is said that when the sense of observation is developing, an individual will always take into account what he has learned at school in solving future problems. The sense of thinking from a child to an adult will differ at each stage of life but it starts at an early age. Ex. Solving a problem;

    • Knowledge with understanding.
    • Interpretation and response about the situation, and.
    • Analysis and finding solutions for the problem.
    To promote equity and social justice by providing opportunities for every learner according to his/her needs, interests, and potentials.

    Equality of opportunity in education is very important. Our schools are open to the Republic of Mauritius that is for everyone. There is no discrimination between rich and poor. No difference in culture or religions, equality for all ethnic groups. A student-centered curriculum influences the student in choosing his subject of discussion. This makes them feel comfortable about the subject and they show interest in it.

    Under the progressivist ideology, students focus on their personality development. They expose to problem-solving, which helps them in exploiting their capacity. The teacher must promote;

    • Good manners.
    • Good behaviors, and.
    • Respect in students.

    Students will develop respect for each other when they will engage in group works. In visual arts, anything can express through painting or drawing, or sculpting. When students expose to themes such as culture, religion, they show respect towards each other’s religion.

    To foster national unity by promoting the individual understanding of and respect for our multicultural heritage.

    Due to a change in our society, extended families have been replaced by nuclear ones. Students are taught how to behave as good citizens in our multi-plural society. Parents do not get time, so these concerns include as topics in the NCF. The objectives of learning are to influence the;

    • Needs of the society and national goals, and.
    • The cultural aspirations of the society.

    Students also develop respect for each other’s values, attitudes, and beliefs. With this, a bond creates between students with different socioeconomic classes. At the lower secondary level, students are more likely to have peer groups. In class, they merge, and through group works and research they mean to mingle with others. For example, in class, there is no difference between Muslims and Christians; they all wear the same uniform, share the same class.

    To promote in the learner an appreciation of his/her place in an interdependent global context.

    Students should valorize their country in every way. Special debates organize by MCA so that students participate and enrich their knowledge. Thus, they come across various facts and realities of the country. To promote appreciation for our country, subjects like Values and Citizenship education has been introduced. The emphasis is put on our independent country.

    We often refer to the past and our ancestors to keep memories alive, in this way, students develop respect for the elders and protect our national heritage at the same time. Many competitions organize with themes related to our nation or its history. With the help of the teacher, the students involve in such activities and increase their knowledge of their country. This promotes the development of the student in the mean of communication and listening skills at the same time.

    To promote a culture of lifelong learning for greater access to an ever-changing job market.

    Education given to our students will determine the nature of the future society. Long ago, our society depended mostly on the agricultural sector, but nowadays industrialization and modern technologies have paved their way. The government offers a free course of IC3 to form 4 students to provide equality between students. The basic needs are provided to all students. Therefore, even if the student is not being able to complete his studies, he has the main qualifications for a job.

    Thus, he secures to a certain limit. At form 3 level, every student has a notion of ICT, science, visual arts, etc. The opportunity gives them to choose their career according to their needs, interests, and potentials. A career guidance day organized by the Ministry of Education to help the students.

    Reference; The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and its Goals. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/what-is-the-national-curriculum-framework-education-essay.php?vref=1

    NCF National Curriculum Framework Meaning and its 8 Goals Image
    NCF National Curriculum Framework Meaning and its 8 Goals; Image by StockSnap from Pixabay.
  • School Psychologist Characteristics Importance Problem

    School Psychologist Characteristics Importance Problem

    School Psychologist or School Counselor, Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Features, Importance, Issues, and Problem. It can be confusing when thinking about the role of a school psychologist; especially when you compare them to a guidance counselor. A guidance counselor, who is very important to the everyday functioning of a school and students; focuses more on getting a student through their school career academically; and, if the student wants to attend a college they see to it that the student is equipped for the transition.

    Here is the article to explain, School Psychologist or School Counselor, their Characteristics, Features, Importance, Issues, and Problem!

    School Counselor or School Psychologist Meaning and Definition? Both occupations are important to a school’s function and at times go hand in hand; but, it is what a school psychologist can do that makes them vital. The school psychologist can work with a student on a much more personal level and find out; what is making them tick or what may be troubling them on a deeper level. The school counselor many times works with the student and their issues and how it pertains to their education. There are times that the guidance counselor looks upon to serve the students in both arenas and the same goes for the school psychologist.

    The guidance counselor is more than likely going to have opportunities to counsel and work with a student especially; if they form a relationship with that student; but depending on the situation or issue that is occurring; it is in the best interest of the student for the school psychologist to work with them. However, it’s the individual expertise that makes them stand apart. While the guidance counselor is going over college plans and preparing transcripts for a student; the school counselor may be having a group counseling session with students who are dealing with a specific issue.

    Futures or Characteristics of School Psychologist or School Counselor;

    So, what does the future hold for the world of school psychology? The education realm will always be in existence but to what extent? Technology is always evolving and growing and that means there will be more and more opportunities for students to engage in specialized learning. The alternative setting may become more prominent, such as homeschooling and online/internet-based schools. This type of learning will suddenly become the normal way of educating.

    The future of school psychology and educating and training new psychologists is vital. In the year 2000, the recommended ratio of students to school psychologists was 1000:1 (Curtis, Chesno Grier, & Hunley, 1998). That would be mean roughly one school counselor per school in a school district. The ratio also depends on the types of services that are being provided to the students by the school psychologist. Some students may never come into contact with their designated school psychologist; but, many need the services provided to be successful in their school career.

    Other things;

    In 2000, a call was made to see a shift in how a school psychologist approached their day. An ecological perspective was requested to see a change in how children were approached. It was felt that a school counselor could have more of an impact on a child’s life; if moved away from the old style and focused on making sure that the child had a healthy environment. Shifting the focus this way would also adapt to the shortage of school psychologists in an area. Making use of families, school, individual, and group settings would show genuine involvement for all who involve in a child’s life.

    The role and involvement of a school counselor are where the question comes into the picture. With the homeschooling option becoming more popular a school psychologist will have to be more consultative; and, train more problem-solving skills when working with those adults (parents, teachers, administration) involved in homeschooling. School psychology is extremely important to a school and its daily function. As previously stated a school psychologist can involve very heavily in a student’s day and can be vital to their success.

    Benefits or Importance of a School Psychologist or School Counselor;

    It can be difficult to place a level of importance on any career; but, becoming a school psychologist is choosing a career where you could make a major impact. In the educational system, the ultimate satisfaction is seeing a student succeed not only during your time with them but watching them succeed outside of school. Unfortunately, each child or student is different and requires different approaches. Something that may bother or cause a problem for child A may not cause the issue for child B. Understanding what you are facing is key for a school counselor. The National Center for Children in Poverty or the NCCP states that one in five children from the ages of birth to 18 years old has a diagnosable mental disorder (Stagman & Cooper, 2010).

    The School Psychologist must evaluate and create a plan of action for each unique as they arise and see to it that the student has the best available services. Life at home for a child is not always the best situation and it is beyond their control. The NCCP reports that fifty-seven percent of children and youth with mental health issues come from homes living at or below the federal poverty line. Students with special needs and/or mental disorders need someone that will advocate for them and has a desire to see breakthroughs and success at all levels.

    Problems or Issues for School Psychologist or School Counselor;

    The day for a school psychologist is not always an easy one. Each day they could be present with stressful anxiety-filled moments that would make many not envious of their career choice. School psychologists have a heart for helping and want nothing more than to see a child succeed not only in the classroom but in the real world as well. One glaring problem that the world of education is facing is that there is not enough funding in some parts of the country to hire a school counselor. If they currently have one, there is a good chance that steps are being taken to slowly eliminate that position (Weir, 2012). Schools are looking for ways to save money and have taken measures to eliminate “nonessential” school personnel and programs.

    More issue to know;

    In 2009, School Psychology International reported that there was an estimated 32,300 school psychologist in the nation and the task with servicing more than 6.5 million public school students (Weir, 2012). Having this much difference in the two numbers creates more of a workload for the school counselor. According to the National Association of School Psychologists, the ratio for psychologists to students is 1 to 500-700, but unfortunately; it is much higher and in some special cases can be close to 1 to 3,500. With numbers being so low, it forces school counselors to work longer hours and many times take their work home.

    All careers have issues and all schools and places of education have problems; but, it’s how the issues handle and by whom. In 1995, The American Academy of School Psychology was founded to prepare and train those to deal effectively with problems or issues that stem from learning and/or human behavior (Cassel, 1999, p. 584). A school psychologist can be the most valuable person on your staff to deal with issues and problems when they pop up. That is why it is so important that funding for these positions continues and doesn’t dwindle.

    Why you Becoming a School Psychologist or a School Counselor;

    Before you can begin changing lives in the world of school psychology you must be willing to obtain specific education requirements. Throughout the United States, there are approximately 240 institutions that offer psychology graduate programs (“Becoming a School Psychologist,” n.d.). When deciding on an institution, the National Association of School Psychology or the NASP approves many universities that APA accredit.

    How to become a school psychologist?

    To become a school psychologist, you will need to either have a specialist-level degree designed for school psychology or a doctorate. Some graduate programs that offer degrees for school psychology may require that a student not only completes academic work; but, also has supervised fieldwork and possibly an internship that would equip you with the knowledge, skills, and the learning experience for working every day as a school counselor. During your graduate program, you may require to do a practicum or an internship.

    This will allow you to work closely with a trained school psychologist and begin to discover what you will face when you have completed your training. Once you have completed the required schooling for this career you will need to become certified; and, depending on the state that you work in will determine if you have the requirements needed. Each state is different on what is required but the National Association of School Counselor or NASP requires minimum specialist-level training. The work and training need to become a school counselor can be daunting but it can pale in comparison to the issue that a student endures and the sheer idea that you can assist the student with their matters can make the process worth it and rewarding.

    Reference; Benefits of a School Psychologist. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/benefits-of-a-school-psychologist.php?vref=1

    School Psychologist or Counselor Meaning Definition Characteristics Features Importance Issues Problems Image
    School Psychologist or Counselor, Meaning, Definition, Characteristics, Features, Importance, Issues, and Problems; Image by StartupStockPhotos from Pixabay.
  • Best ESL Course Books Benefits and Limitations

    Best ESL Course Books Benefits and Limitations

    Best ESL Course Books Advantages, Benefits, Pros, Disadvantages, Drawbacks, Limitations, and Cons. ESL signifies English as a Second Language. ESL Course books are books that teachers use to assist them in the teaching of the English Language in schools and institutions. This book is commonly used as they make teaching English remarkably easy- the teacher uses them to prepare for class, they are visually appealing with pictures and illustrations. They also fit well with school timetables. They were designed for students of all levels and ages. In line with Cheung and Wong, the key principle of an academic curriculum should target developing students’ intellectual abilities in subject study areas that deem most worthy. Best ESL course books have their advantages and disadvantages.

    Benefits or Pros or Advantages of ESL Course Books;

    The first advantage is that the course books come with a set of achievement goals that set. They tell the learner what he or she will be able to do on completion of a course, and what to expect. The second advantage is that when using the course books, the genres and topics structure such that they cover the four skill areas of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. This greatly eases the burden off the teacher of having to prepare to address those areas. The course books also assist inexperienced teachers as they have ready-made activities and they assist such teachers to prepare for classes.

    Limitations or Cons or Disadvantages or Drawbacks of ESL Course Books;

    Several problems and issues have come up such as repetitive activities, uninteresting topics, and inadequate language exposure. Many of the activities in the course books come as ‘question and answer’ sections. After doing it several times, there is a likelihood that the students will start finding the lessons uninteresting. In addition, the reading sections in the coursebook tend to be relatively short. Thus, they fail to be effective in helping students develop that component of the skill areas. The reading material also tends not to be challenging enough for learners, and the learners end up not benefitting from studying the course books. If not checked, such issues can end up affecting a student’s overall performance in the English language.

    Solutions;

    One solution is the addition of outside reading materials to the curriculum to supplement the course books. This would fill in the gap for the areas that the course books have not covered. Another solution would be to increase the reading material in the course books. The encouragement of literature reading even outside the classroom would also be a solution. It confirms that a great wealth of vocabulary and excellence in grammar learn through the reading of literature.

    How is this argument right?

    ESL course books have been an immense help to the education sector. They have eased the work of the teachers considerably. Before, the making of the lessons and material to study rested solely on the shoulders of the teachers. Now, the teachers can use these textbooks to assist them to prepare for the classes; the teacher can also choose to use the books sometimes, as they come perfectly planned with most of the material needed for each lesson.

    The above argument recognizes this. The argument is right in the way it candidly examines the advantages and disadvantages of ESL course books without bias. The weight of the advantages compares to the weight of the disadvantages. A correct representation of the value and worth of the ESL course books shows. An accurate representation of the advantages that the ESL books bring put forth, backed by credible resources like Kayapinar’s Coursebook Evaluations by English Teachers.

    An accurate representation of the disadvantages also put forth, backed by credible sources, as Harmer’s ‘How to Teach English’. In the solutions, a correct conclusion makes that the books are a valuable but somewhat inadequate source of information and material; thus, the solution to add additional reading material to the curriculum was sound.

    How the argument is wrong?

    According to the argument, teachers are depending on the ESL course books far too much. The work of teaching has been taken from the teachers and put on the course books, which is not the way it supposes to be. The teacher supposes to have a majority of the material that needs to teach in a school; the books should just supplement their material. Another way that the argument is wrong is in the way it emphasizes the inadequacy of the course books.

    The books seem to be lacking challenging material, adequate reading material, and say to be dull. Instead of looking for additional textbooks, they can consider remaking the course books and filling them with the material that would be most useful to the teachers and students. The argument is also wrong in the way it accommodates the laziness of students. The students have no right to get bored of the course books. They are not in the classrooms to entertain but to study.

    The responsibility of learning should be put back where it belongs; on the shoulders of the students. They should take the initiative in the learning process, instilling within them, a self-driven desire to excel. That way, if the course books become inadequate, they will take the initiative of looking for additional information from other books and journals. This would significantly ease the work of the teachers, as well.

    Reference; Advantages and Disadvantages of ESL Course Books. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/disadvantages-of-esl-course-books-education-essay.php?vref=1

    Best ESL Course Books Advantages Benefits Pros Disadvantages Drawbacks Limitations Cons Image
    Best ESL Course Books Advantages, Benefits, Pros, Disadvantages, Drawbacks, Limitations, and Cons. Image by Tessa Kavanagh from Pixabay.